tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89395332782755364182023-11-15T23:17:24.614-08:00kuliah Pasca Sarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara Bidang Physicology oleh Master.Tjung teckkuliah Paska Sarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara Bidang Physicology oleh Mr.Tjung teck merupakan ilmu pengetahuan tentang Physicology ilmu jiwa di dalam kehidupan umat manusia,namun ilmu pengetahuan ini dapat di pelajari dari kehidupan sehari-hari dan di praktekkan dalam kehidupan umat manusia di dalam masyarakat itu,sehingga keterangan semua blog ilmu pengetahuan dapat dilihat melalui http://www.Tjung teck blog.comTjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comBlogger27125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-11903915659258892022011-05-11T06:07:00.000-07:002011-05-11T06:12:40.409-07:00Mata kuliah Tata Surya<span style="">Dari Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas</span> <div id="jump-to-nav"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Jump to: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#mw-head">navigation</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#p-search">search</a></span> Langsung ke: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#mw-head">navigasi</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#p-search">cari</a></span> </div><div class="dablink"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This article is about the Sun and its planetary system.</span> Artikel ini adalah tentang Matahari dan sistem planet tersebut.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For other systems, see <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_system&usg=ALkJrhjGOvdUEeHOC5YbIEnkAmjp_rNfAQ">planetary system</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_system&usg=ALkJrhiIuS2aQz6NT7OS-G-T0vcCgd88qQ">star system</a> .</span> Untuk sistem lainnya, lihat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_system&usg=ALkJrhjGOvdUEeHOC5YbIEnkAmjp_rNfAQ">sistem planet</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_system&usg=ALkJrhiIuS2aQz6NT7OS-G-T0vcCgd88qQ">sistem bintang</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For a list of physical and orbital statistics for the Solar System's largest bodies, see <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gravitationally_rounded_objects_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhhb0W-225yDutmJiBS-qI65bhNRWA">List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System</a></span> Untuk daftar dan orbital statistik fisik untuk Solar System terbesar tubuh, lihat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gravitationally_rounded_objects_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhhb0W-225yDutmJiBS-qI65bhNRWA">Daftar bulat objek gravitasi Tata Surya</a></span> </div><div class="metadata topicon" id="protected-icon" style="display: none; right: 55px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy&usg=ALkJrhhFqUtnCvns72cOfGqZ5qK21azAnA#semi" title="Artikel ini adalah semi-dilindungi."><img alt="Halaman semi dilindungi" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/20px-Padlock-silver.svg.png" height="20" width="20" /></a> </div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 402px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_System_size_to_scale.svg&usg=ALkJrhgESDZXXeNYTrBM0RvSVugqN480tA" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Solar_System_size_to_scale.svg/400px-Solar_System_size_to_scale.svg.png" class="thumbimage" height="225" width="400" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_System_size_to_scale.svg&usg=ALkJrhgESDZXXeNYTrBM0RvSVugqN480tA" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet&usg=ALkJrhjaXWDzbCA2URnlSaLFvJexUHwtjA" title="Planet">Planets</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet&usg=ALkJrhgYPbwnOsrypfNnppdmXapFeeNsSQ" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planets</a> of the Solar System.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet&usg=ALkJrhjaXWDzbCA2URnlSaLFvJexUHwtjA" title="Planet">Planet</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet&usg=ALkJrhgYPbwnOsrypfNnppdmXapFeeNsSQ" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planet</a> dari tata surya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Sizes are to scale, but relative distances from the Sun are not.</span> Ukuran adalah untuk skala, tapi jarak relatif dari Matahari tidak.</span> </div></div></div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <b>Solar System</b> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Anone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Anone">[a]</sup></a> consists of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun&usg=ALkJrhj8CVsrluXgyROtIBWKaRNwe5s23A">Sun</a> and the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_objects&usg=ALkJrhhidw__vL2HXxsJh6HFGta5CL1RjQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomi objek">astronomical objects</a> bound to it by <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation&usg=ALkJrhgzE9kzAVXZStwbV2OrV_kewmsNXw" title="Gravitasi">gravity</a> , all of which formed from the collapse of a giant <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud&usg=ALkJrhjHOzW643qa2eIik70EvIijkFtDyg">molecular cloud</a> approximately 4.6 billion years ago.</span> <b>Tata Surya</b> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Anone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Anone">[a]</sup></a> terdiri dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun&usg=ALkJrhj8CVsrluXgyROtIBWKaRNwe5s23A">Matahari</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_objects&usg=ALkJrhhidw__vL2HXxsJh6HFGta5CL1RjQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomi objek">obyek astronomi</a> terikat kepadanya oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation&usg=ALkJrhgzE9kzAVXZStwbV2OrV_kewmsNXw" title="Gravitasi">gravitasi</a> , semua yang terbentuk dari runtuhnya raksasa <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud&usg=ALkJrhjHOzW643qa2eIik70EvIijkFtDyg">awan molekul</a> sekitar 4,6 miliar tahun yang lalu.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Of the many objects that <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit&usg=ALkJrhhVuaG1VSkDjczBp9Rqu_jyhMX7lw">orbit</a> the Sun, most of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass&usg=ALkJrhgVjBRhTC3lVNCZLyWh4X39t992oQ">mass</a> is contained within eight relatively solitary <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planets&usg=ALkJrhgKbG90Cy0xKXb0T0nHTB3n75ybCg" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet">planets</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> whose orbits are almost circular and lie within a nearly flat disc called the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_of_the_ecliptic&usg=ALkJrhgoDCPFMi5rm0jsJGD8LNHwJhgEPg" title="Bidang ekliptika">ecliptic plane</a> .</span> Dari banyak benda yang <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit&usg=ALkJrhhVuaG1VSkDjczBp9Rqu_jyhMX7lw">mengorbit</a> Matahari, sebagian besar <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass&usg=ALkJrhgVjBRhTC3lVNCZLyWh4X39t992oQ">massa</a> terkandung dalam delapan relatif soliter <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planets&usg=ALkJrhgKbG90Cy0xKXb0T0nHTB3n75ybCg" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet">planet</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> orbit yang hampir lingkaran dan terletak dalam flat disk hampir disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_of_the_ecliptic&usg=ALkJrhgoDCPFMi5rm0jsJGD8LNHwJhgEPg" title="Bidang ekliptika">bidang ekliptika</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The four smaller inner planets, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgLm-J-V9aig9T4pCnfc5EoNyZ-Jw" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus&usg=ALkJrhjRJYHX15XwvagfQvFzUrSd3fHWMQ">Venus</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth&usg=ALkJrhggzYeo6bjQZosj_0fmRgaV7Y8p1Q">Earth</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars&usg=ALkJrhgdKZdhMDvevlnzyRIYb4wjNCId9A">Mars</a> , also called the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets&usg=ALkJrhiExHTrArZuRMN4onaQn1Epi0MYEA" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrestrial planet">terrestrial planets</a> , are primarily composed of rock and metal.</span> Keempat planet bagian dalam yang lebih kecil, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgLm-J-V9aig9T4pCnfc5EoNyZ-Jw" title="Mercury (planet)">Merkurius</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus&usg=ALkJrhjRJYHX15XwvagfQvFzUrSd3fHWMQ">Venus</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth&usg=ALkJrhggzYeo6bjQZosj_0fmRgaV7Y8p1Q">Bumi</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars&usg=ALkJrhgdKZdhMDvevlnzyRIYb4wjNCId9A">Mars</a> , juga disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planets&usg=ALkJrhiExHTrArZuRMN4onaQn1Epi0MYEA" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrestrial planet">planet terestrial</a> , terutama terdiri dari batuan dan logam.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The four outer planets, the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giant&usg=ALkJrhg9dVwyKZ1yrEqdjRgCLgR_OSrF6g" title="Gas raksasa">gas giants</a> , are substantially more massive than the terrestrials.</span> Empat planet luar, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giant&usg=ALkJrhg9dVwyKZ1yrEqdjRgCLgR_OSrF6g" title="Gas raksasa">raksasa gas</a> , secara substansial lebih besar daripada terrestrials.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The two largest, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter&usg=ALkJrhhMYLTChM8uKDFzbPmAxzGDlcxbXQ">Jupiter</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn&usg=ALkJrhj9kS_1MUCDlMD6Cun7A12Rk4vCbg">Saturn</a> , are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus&usg=ALkJrhio_g9Q_BiDA8OiPJbcaS8I9leLTw">Uranus</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune&usg=ALkJrhg-uBdlly1abErWD9xh_JyD0p6Hxw">Neptune</a> , are composed largely of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles&usg=ALkJrhg9E9E6ikp0Aiky2L8R54l6coNzKA" title="Volatil">ices</a> , such as water, ammonia and methane, and are often referred to separately as "ice giants".</span> Dua terbesar, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter&usg=ALkJrhhMYLTChM8uKDFzbPmAxzGDlcxbXQ">Jupiter</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn&usg=ALkJrhj9kS_1MUCDlMD6Cun7A12Rk4vCbg">Saturnus</a> , terutama terdiri dari hidrogen dan helium, dua planet terluar, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus&usg=ALkJrhio_g9Q_BiDA8OiPJbcaS8I9leLTw">Uranus</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune&usg=ALkJrhg-uBdlly1abErWD9xh_JyD0p6Hxw">Neptunus</a> , yang sebagian besar terdiri dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles&usg=ALkJrhg9E9E6ikp0Aiky2L8R54l6coNzKA" title="Volatil">es</a> , seperti air, amonia dan metana, dan sering disebut secara terpisah sebagai "raksasa es" .</span> </p><p><span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Solar System is also home to two regions populated by smaller objects.</span> Tata Surya juga rumah bagi dua daerah dihuni oleh benda-benda yang lebih kecil.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt&usg=ALkJrhitKZdAQVkOu47S7f3xX_7O7bzhtA">asteroid belt</a> , which lies between Mars and Jupiter, is similar to the terrestrial planets as it is composed mainly of rock and metal.</span> The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt&usg=ALkJrhitKZdAQVkOu47S7f3xX_7O7bzhtA">sabuk asteroid</a> , yang terletak antara Mars dan Jupiter, mirip dengan planet terestrial seperti yang terutama terdiri dari batuan dan logam.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Beyond Neptune's orbit lie <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object&usg=ALkJrhjBqO3zFqSQ-XUx_aaOs41KAompDQ" title="Objek trans-Neptunus">trans-Neptunian objects</a> composed mostly of ices such as water, ammonia and methane.</span> Beyond orbit Neptunus kebohongan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object&usg=ALkJrhjBqO3zFqSQ-XUx_aaOs41KAompDQ" title="Objek trans-Neptunus">objek trans-Neptunus</a> sebagian besar terdiri dari es seperti air, amonia dan metana.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Within these two regions, five individual objects, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhizfQsdtwNDfoCVvZ7ANUUi-43FDg" title="Ceres (planet kerdil)">Ceres</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto&usg=ALkJrhhPq_ssmze-TiOdnKDZCgFCtzcuUw">Pluto</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haumea_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhrTnoMPJYKbTqe1EP953m1DIc5wQ" title="Haumea (planet katai)">Haumea</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makemake_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgzSE0Q61hEkErw2EkdMwtXLkFQMg" title="Makemake (planet katai)">Makemake</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhDmcZeCuTgyTk3R9YG3AeIja5JNA" title="Eris (planet katai)">Eris</a> , are recognized to be large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity, and are thus termed <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planets&usg=ALkJrhiPIxsbPLxp08mTCwKlgmJdKh4VPQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planets</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> In addition to thousands of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body&usg=ALkJrhhEEZgyPppOzfVjs8jLKTz7A7RVBw" title="Kecil Tata Surya tubuh">small bodies</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> in those two regions, various other small body populations, such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet&usg=ALkJrhjNcwNFcRE3ofg9fxp-7B2giP7gCg" title="Komet">comets</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaur_%28minor_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhh3d6M0fiZyfMW4PNuYgriIx3GcyQ" title="Centaur (planet kecil)">centaurs</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_dust&usg=ALkJrhiZ-NbbK5QIH-68NogL5wh-HhamRg" class="mw-redirect" title="Antar debu">interplanetary dust</a> , freely travel between regions.</span> Dalam dua kawasan ini, lima objek individu, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhizfQsdtwNDfoCVvZ7ANUUi-43FDg" title="Ceres (planet kerdil)">Ceres</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto&usg=ALkJrhhPq_ssmze-TiOdnKDZCgFCtzcuUw">Pluto</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haumea_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhrTnoMPJYKbTqe1EP953m1DIc5wQ" title="Haumea (planet katai)">Haumea</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makemake_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgzSE0Q61hEkErw2EkdMwtXLkFQMg" title="Makemake (planet katai)">Makemake</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhDmcZeCuTgyTk3R9YG3AeIja5JNA" title="Eris (planet katai)">Eris</a> , diakui cukup besar telah dibulatkan oleh gravitasi mereka sendiri, dan karena itu disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planets&usg=ALkJrhiPIxsbPLxp08mTCwKlgmJdKh4VPQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf planet">planet kerdil</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> Di samping ribuan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body&usg=ALkJrhhEEZgyPppOzfVjs8jLKTz7A7RVBw" title="Kecil Tata Surya tubuh">kecil badan</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> di kedua daerah, berbagai populasi lain tubuh kecil, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet&usg=ALkJrhjNcwNFcRE3ofg9fxp-7B2giP7gCg" title="Komet">komet</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaur_%28minor_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhh3d6M0fiZyfMW4PNuYgriIx3GcyQ" title="Centaur (planet kecil)">centaur</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_dust&usg=ALkJrhiZ-NbbK5QIH-68NogL5wh-HhamRg" class="mw-redirect" title="Antar debu">debu antarplanet</a> , bebas perjalanan antara wilayah.</span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind&usg=ALkJrhhQ0SAbGmr8qKo1XPQyj3HmSVoYfw">solar wind</a> , a flow of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29&usg=ALkJrhh5jCULw8eZMM2OparyiaQuJkJZrw" title="Plasma (fisika)">plasma</a> from the Sun, creates a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_wind_bubble&usg=ALkJrhi5ycxr54_hLpDJOiV_UUk_5Y54_Q" title="Stellar gelembung angin" class="mw-redirect">bubble</a> in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium&usg=ALkJrhjWkfI6R5QPOmrcofpFCisbNPsvHw">interstellar medium</a> known as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere&usg=ALkJrhhx_V0yyr-YFwZsMb-CdRaAU3zziA">heliosphere</a> , which extends out to the edge of the scattered disc.</span> The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind&usg=ALkJrhhQ0SAbGmr8qKo1XPQyj3HmSVoYfw">angin matahari</a> , aliran <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29&usg=ALkJrhh5jCULw8eZMM2OparyiaQuJkJZrw" title="Plasma (fisika)">plasma</a> dari Matahari, menciptakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_wind_bubble&usg=ALkJrhi5ycxr54_hLpDJOiV_UUk_5Y54_Q" title="Stellar gelembung angin" class="mw-redirect">gelembung</a> di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium&usg=ALkJrhjWkfI6R5QPOmrcofpFCisbNPsvHw">medium antarbintang</a> yang dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere&usg=ALkJrhhx_V0yyr-YFwZsMb-CdRaAU3zziA">heliosphere</a> , yang meluas ke tepi dari disk tersebar.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The hypothetical <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud&usg=ALkJrhjEZlDcxrhT0C0dPAg1EV8LfUT9dQ">Oort cloud</a> , which acts as the source for <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-period_comet&usg=ALkJrhhYv8pimqvnGH7M3Oqje7aTCvf-Nw" title="Komet periode panjang" class="mw-redirect">long-period comets</a> , may also exist at a distance roughly a thousand times further than the heliosphere.</span> Hipotesis <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud&usg=ALkJrhjEZlDcxrhT0C0dPAg1EV8LfUT9dQ">Awan Oort</a> , yang bertindak sebagai sumber untuk <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-period_comet&usg=ALkJrhhYv8pimqvnGH7M3Oqje7aTCvf-Nw" title="Komet periode panjang" class="mw-redirect">periode-komet panjang</a> , juga mungkin ada pada jarak sekitar seribu kali lebih jauh daripada heliosphere.</span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Six of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet&usg=ALkJrhjaXWDzbCA2URnlSaLFvJexUHwtjA" title="Planet">planets</a> and three of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet&usg=ALkJrhgYPbwnOsrypfNnppdmXapFeeNsSQ" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planets</a> are orbited by <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite&usg=ALkJrhhJv-82-hu9kZ93_QDjiskFnTUbpA" title="Alam satelit">natural satellites</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Bnone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Bnone">[b]</sup></a> usually termed "moons" after Earth's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon&usg=ALkJrhifs8kjV1FpgiygcMwOue_Q3pnsiA">Moon</a> .</span> Enam dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet&usg=ALkJrhjaXWDzbCA2URnlSaLFvJexUHwtjA" title="Planet">planet</a> dan tiga dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet&usg=ALkJrhgYPbwnOsrypfNnppdmXapFeeNsSQ" title="Dwarf planet">planet kerdil</a> yang mengorbit oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite&usg=ALkJrhhJv-82-hu9kZ93_QDjiskFnTUbpA" title="Alam satelit">satelit alam</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Bnone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Bnone">[b]</sup></a> biasanya disebut "bulan" setelah Bumi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon&usg=ALkJrhifs8kjV1FpgiygcMwOue_Q3pnsiA">Bulan</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Each of the outer planets is encircled by <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_ring&usg=ALkJrhjAaUJY-N7MyS06zzyyUYcZKiNpew" title="Planetary cincin">planetary rings</a> of dust and other particles.</span> Setiap planet luar dikelilingi oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_ring&usg=ALkJrhjAaUJY-N7MyS06zzyyUYcZKiNpew" title="Planetary cincin">cincin planet</a> debu dan partikel lainnya.</span> </p><div class="toclimit-3"><table id="toc" class="toc"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Contents</span> Isi</span> </h2> <span class="toctoggle">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System#" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div><ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Discovery_and_exploration"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Discovery and exploration</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Discovery_and_exploration"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Discovery dan eksplorasi</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Structure"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Structure"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Struktur</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Sun"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Sun</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Sun"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Sun</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Interplanetary_medium"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Interplanetary medium</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Interplanetary_medium"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">antar media</span></a></span> </li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Inner_Solar_System"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Inner Solar System</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Inner_Solar_System"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Tata Surya Inner</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Inner_planets"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Inner planets</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Inner_planets"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Inner planet</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Mercury"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Mercury</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Mercury"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Mercury</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Venus"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Venus</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Venus"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Venus</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Earth"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Earth</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Earth"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Bumi</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Mars"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Mars</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Mars"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Mars</span></a></span> </li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Asteroid_belt"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Asteroid belt</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Asteroid_belt"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sabuk asteroid</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Ceres"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ceres</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Ceres"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ceres</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Asteroid_groups"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Asteroid groups</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Asteroid_groups"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Asteroid kelompok</span></a></span> </li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Outer_Solar_System"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Outer Solar System</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Outer_Solar_System"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Tata Surya Luar</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Outer_planets"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Outer planets</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Outer_planets"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Luar planet</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Jupiter"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Jupiter</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Jupiter"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Jupiter</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Saturn"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Saturn</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Saturn"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Saturnus</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Uranus"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Uranus</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Uranus"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Uranus</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Neptune"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Neptune</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Neptune"><span class="tocnumber">5.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Neptunus</span></a></span> </li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Comets"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Comets</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Comets"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Komet</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Centaurs"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Centaurs</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Centaurs"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Centaurs</span></a></span> </li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Trans-Neptunian_region"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Trans-Neptunian region</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Trans-Neptunian_region"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Trans-Neptunus wilayah</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Kuiper_belt"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Kuiper belt</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Kuiper_belt"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sabuk Kuiper</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Pluto_and_Charon"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pluto and Charon</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Pluto_and_Charon"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pluto dan Charon</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Haumea_and_Makemake"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Haumea and Makemake</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Haumea_and_Makemake"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Haumea dan Makemake</span></a></span> </li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Scattered_disc"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Scattered disc</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Scattered_disc"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tersebar disk</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Eris"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Eris</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Eris"><span class="tocnumber">6.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Eris</span></a></span> </li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Farthest_regions"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Farthest regions</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Farthest_regions"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">terjauh daerah</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Heliopause"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Heliopause</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Heliopause"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Heliopause</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Oort_cloud"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Oort cloud</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Oort_cloud"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Awan Oort</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Sedna"><span class="tocnumber">7.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sedna</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Sedna"><span class="tocnumber">7.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sedna</span></a></span> </li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Boundaries"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Boundaries</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Boundaries"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Batas</span></a></span> </li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Galactic_context"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Galactic context</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Galactic_context"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Galactic konteks</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Neighbourhood"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Neighbourhood</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Neighbourhood"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lingkungan</span></a></span> </li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Formation_and_evolution"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Formation and evolution</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Formation_and_evolution"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Formasi dan evolusi</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Lihat juga</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Catatan</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Referensi</span></a></span> </li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Pranala luar</span></a></span> </li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></div><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Discovery_and_exploration">Discovery and exploration</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Discovery_and_exploration">Penemuan dan eksplorasi</span></span> </h2><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_exploration_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhi8gerVGV5Sb-vZtQWvVXJpCvdFqw">Discovery and exploration of the Solar System</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_exploration_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhi8gerVGV5Sb-vZtQWvVXJpCvdFqw">Penemuan dan eksplorasi Tata Surya</a></span> </div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For many thousands of years, humanity, with a few notable exceptions, did not recognize the existence of the Solar System.</span> Selama ribuan tahun, kemanusiaan, dengan beberapa pengecualian, tidak mengakui adanya tata surya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">People believed the Earth to be stationary at the center of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe&usg=ALkJrhgyTC29PQpxXAGx7M7sL_UB5fzBWg">universe</a> and categorically different from the divine or ethereal objects that moved through the sky.</span> Orang-orang percaya bumi yang akan diam di pusat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe&usg=ALkJrhgyTC29PQpxXAGx7M7sL_UB5fzBWg">alam semesta</a> dan pasti berbeda dari ilahi atau benda halus yang bergerak melalui langit.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Although the Greek philosopher <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samos&usg=ALkJrhh_C4a53tlNzaxfhtDcv6EcTZMimQ">Aristarchus of Samos</a> had speculated on a heliocentric reordering of the cosmos, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-0"><sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 1 <span>]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus&usg=ALkJrhi9ByYrngi7DyVibe5SQHO1Mk4tjA">Nicolaus Copernicus</a> was the first to develop a mathematically predictive heliocentric system.</span> Meskipun filsuf Yunani <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Samos&usg=ALkJrhh_C4a53tlNzaxfhtDcv6EcTZMimQ">Aristarkhus dari Samos</a> telah berspekulasi pada penataan kembali heliosentris dari kosmos, <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-0"><sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference">[1]</sup></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus&usg=ALkJrhi9ByYrngi7DyVibe5SQHO1Mk4tjA">Nicolaus Copernicus</a> adalah orang pertama yang mengembangkan sistem heliosentris prediktif matematis.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">His 17th-century successors, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei&usg=ALkJrhimhb1pPhaF0p_kRQy_gGGg00KjvQ">Galileo Galilei</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler&usg=ALkJrhhijzylhGL3p07TkDfSHmCPXK1a2A">Johannes Kepler</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton&usg=ALkJrhhkcJVuJNaACQO4HpHSO3ncQpc1CA">Isaac Newton</a> , developed an understanding of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics&usg=ALkJrhhyrBl2YPVFtnMSqojEvWGNwB7iXw">physics</a> that led to the gradual acceptance of the idea that the Earth moves around the Sun and that the planets are governed by the same physical laws that governed the Earth.</span> Abad ke-17 Penerusnya, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei&usg=ALkJrhimhb1pPhaF0p_kRQy_gGGg00KjvQ">Galileo Galilei</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler&usg=ALkJrhhijzylhGL3p07TkDfSHmCPXK1a2A">Johannes Kepler</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton&usg=ALkJrhhkcJVuJNaACQO4HpHSO3ncQpc1CA">Isaac Newton</a> , mengembangkan pemahaman <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics&usg=ALkJrhhyrBl2YPVFtnMSqojEvWGNwB7iXw">fisika</a> yang menyebabkan penerimaan bertahap gagasan bahwa Bumi bergerak mengelilingi Matahari dan planet-planet yang diatur oleh hukum fisik yang sama yang mengatur bumi.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In more recent times, improvements in the telescope and the use of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_spacecraft&usg=ALkJrhiSYlRA9hHPPYaLMEPBpYI75apVtA" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesawat ruang angkasa tak berawak">unmanned spacecraft</a> have enabled the investigation of geological phenomena such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains&usg=ALkJrhjOcWrs7O7rET73O1GAmT-STZ7KOw" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegunungan">mountains</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater&usg=ALkJrhi-6XrHvUK1MRQqvnJk7oZO5uMUkw" title="Dampak kawah">craters</a> , and seasonal meteorological phenomena such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clouds&usg=ALkJrhijl7hRXsLYV0ihal6B4ao-NQT4Qg" class="mw-redirect" title="Awan-awan">clouds</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_storms&usg=ALkJrhhWagv9g25HdU5EMUNEH-iBLGswvQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Debu badai">dust storms</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_caps&usg=ALkJrhilOmeAbwkJ_L11nnxuePkRWyM9mw" class="mw-redirect" title="Es topi">ice caps</a> on the other planets.</span> Dalam beberapa kali lebih banyak, perbaikan dalam teleskop dan penggunaan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_spacecraft&usg=ALkJrhiSYlRA9hHPPYaLMEPBpYI75apVtA" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesawat ruang angkasa tak berawak">pesawat luar angkasa tak berawak</a> telah memungkinkan penyelidikan fenomena geologi seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountains&usg=ALkJrhjOcWrs7O7rET73O1GAmT-STZ7KOw" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegunungan">gunung</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater&usg=ALkJrhi-6XrHvUK1MRQqvnJk7oZO5uMUkw" title="Dampak kawah">kawah</a> , dan fenomena meteorologi musiman seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clouds&usg=ALkJrhijl7hRXsLYV0ihal6B4ao-NQT4Qg" class="mw-redirect" title="Awan-awan">awan</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_storms&usg=ALkJrhhWagv9g25HdU5EMUNEH-iBLGswvQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Debu badai">badai debu</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_caps&usg=ALkJrhilOmeAbwkJ_L11nnxuePkRWyM9mw" class="mw-redirect" title="Es topi">topi es</a> di planet lain.</span> </p><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Structure">Structure</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Structure">Struktur</span></span> </h2><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 402px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oort_cloud_Sedna_orbit.svg&usg=ALkJrhhDcv5i886kZNVfWeeIIgsGhu6XDQ" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Oort_cloud_Sedna_orbit.svg/400px-Oort_cloud_Sedna_orbit.svg.png" class="thumbimage" height="400" width="400" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oort_cloud_Sedna_orbit.svg&usg=ALkJrhhDcv5i886kZNVfWeeIIgsGhu6XDQ" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit&usg=ALkJrhhVuaG1VSkDjczBp9Rqu_jyhMX7lw" title="Orbit">orbits</a> of the bodies in the Solar System to scale (clockwise from top left)</span> Para <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit&usg=ALkJrhhVuaG1VSkDjczBp9Rqu_jyhMX7lw" title="Orbit">orbit</a> dari tubuh di tata surya untuk skala (searah jarum jam dari kiri atas)</span> </div></div></div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun, a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence&usg=ALkJrhgQ_F--QMFYkWJuUDFfTB72K9wfiQ">main sequence</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification&usg=ALkJrhhUmKZ1ql5y2H_i8q-Ti0Nbu4L5Wg" title="Stellar klasifikasi">G2</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star&usg=ALkJrhj9NB0sHULIEqJCDR2KGsdIDkqpbA">star</a> that contains 99.86 percent of the system's known mass and dominates it gravitationally. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-1"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><span>[</span> 2 <span>]</span></sup></a> The Sun's four largest orbiting bodies, the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants&usg=ALkJrhgMt6Ds2B7C4sBIJFHkT3CXUc09KQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas raksasa">gas giants</a> , account for 99 percent of the remaining mass, with Jupiter and Saturn together comprising more than 90 percent. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Cnone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Cnone">[c]</sup></a></span> Komponen utama dari tata surya adalah Matahari, sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence&usg=ALkJrhgQ_F--QMFYkWJuUDFfTB72K9wfiQ">deret utama</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification&usg=ALkJrhhUmKZ1ql5y2H_i8q-Ti0Nbu4L5Wg" title="Stellar klasifikasi">G2</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star&usg=ALkJrhj9NB0sHULIEqJCDR2KGsdIDkqpbA">bintang</a> yang mengandung 99,86 persen dikenal massa sistem dan mendominasi itu gravitasi. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-1"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><span>[2]</span></sup></a> Sun empat Tubuh mengorbit terbesar, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giants&usg=ALkJrhgMt6Ds2B7C4sBIJFHkT3CXUc09KQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas raksasa">raksasa gas</a> , account untuk 99 persen dari sisa massa, dengan Jupiter dan Saturnus bersama-sama terdiri dari lebih dari 90 persen. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Cnone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Cnone">[c]</sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Most large objects in orbit around the Sun lie near the plane of Earth's orbit, known as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic&usg=ALkJrhiaQVFMoZTdH72eipVFYILJXPZOHA">ecliptic</a> .</span> Sebagian besar benda-benda di orbit sekitar Matahari terletak dekat bidang orbit Bumi, yang dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic&usg=ALkJrhiaQVFMoZTdH72eipVFYILJXPZOHA">ekliptika</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The planets are very close to the ecliptic while comets and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt&usg=ALkJrhhXChyBSsF7aL8yCdAwJfLEsY8o2A">Kuiper belt</a> objects are frequently at significantly greater angles to it. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-2"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><span>[</span> 3 <span>]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-3"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><span>[</span> 4 <span>]</span></sup></a> All the planets and most other objects also orbit with the Sun's rotation (counter-clockwise, as viewed from above the Sun's north pole).</span> Planet-planet sangat dekat dengan ekliptika sementara komet dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt&usg=ALkJrhhXChyBSsF7aL8yCdAwJfLEsY8o2A">Sabuk Kuiper</a> objek yang sering di besar sudut signifikan untuk itu. <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-2"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference">[3]</sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-3"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">[4]</sup></a></span> Semua planet dan kebanyakan objek lain juga orbit dengan Sun rotasi (berlawanan arah jarum jam, seperti yang terlihat dari di atas kutub utara Matahari).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">There are exceptions, such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet&usg=ALkJrhhzXdTU-CYjYsxamzpAAVh3WIaRyg">Halley's Comet</a> .</span> Ada pengecualian, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet&usg=ALkJrhhzXdTU-CYjYsxamzpAAVh3WIaRyg">Komet Halley</a> .</span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The overall structure of the charted regions of the Solar System consists of the Sun, four relatively small inner planets surrounded by a belt of rocky asteroids, and four gas giants surrounded by the outer Kuiper belt of icy objects.</span> Struktur keseluruhan dari daerah memetakan dari tata surya terdiri dari Matahari, empat planet dalam relatif kecil dikelilingi oleh sabuk asteroid berbatu, dan gas raksasa empat dikelilingi oleh sabuk Kuiper luar objek es.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Astronomers sometimes informally divide this structure into separate regions.</span> Para astronom terkadang membagi struktur ini ke daerah terpisah.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <i>inner Solar System</i> includes the four terrestrial planets and the main asteroid belt.</span> The <i>Solar System batin</i> mencakup empat planet terestrial dan sabuk asteroid utama.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <i>outer Solar System</i> is beyond the asteroids, including the four gas giant planets. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-4"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><span>[</span> 5 <span>]</span></sup></a> Since the discovery of the Kuiper belt, the outermost parts of the Solar System are considered a distinct region consisting of the objects beyond Neptune. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-5"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><span>[</span> 6 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> The <i>Solar System</i> adalah <i>luar</i> luar asteroid, termasuk empat planet gas raksasa. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-4"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><span>[5]</span></sup></a> Sejak penemuan sabuk Kuiper, bagian terluar dari tata surya dianggap sebagai wilayah yang berbeda yang terdiri dari objek di luar Neptunus. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-5"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><span>[6]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion&usg=ALkJrhjTC6abOOQ83qKWyCdlKJlUWzW0Yw">Kepler's laws of planetary motion</a> describe the orbits of objects about the Sun.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion&usg=ALkJrhjTC6abOOQ83qKWyCdlKJlUWzW0Yw">Teman-hukum Kepler tentang gerak planet</a> menggambarkan orbit benda tentang Matahari.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">According to Kepler's laws, each object travels along an <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse&usg=ALkJrhjoIU7YULRhciyDgbknr0j4PJIMhA">ellipse</a> with the Sun at one <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_%28geometry%29&usg=ALkJrhiVxbMPpDknkAvPwCyUPgJvqG2wRA" title="Focus (geometri)">focus</a> .</span> Menurut's hukum Kepler, setiap objek bergerak sepanjang <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse&usg=ALkJrhjoIU7YULRhciyDgbknr0j4PJIMhA">elips</a> dengan Matahari pada satu <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_%28geometry%29&usg=ALkJrhiVxbMPpDknkAvPwCyUPgJvqG2wRA" title="Focus (geometri)">fokus</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Objects closer to the Sun (with smaller <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-major_axis&usg=ALkJrhjsqJi6mWwMR9qo5Th4h8AgiqjhmA" title="Semi-sumbu utama">semi-major axes</a> ) travel more quickly, as they are more affected by the Sun's gravity.</span> Objek lebih dekat ke Matahari (dengan yang lebih kecil <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-major_axis&usg=ALkJrhjsqJi6mWwMR9qo5Th4h8AgiqjhmA" title="Semi-sumbu utama">-besar sumbu semi</a> ) perjalanan lebih cepat, karena mereka lebih dipengaruhi oleh Sun gravitasi.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">On an elliptical orbit, a body's distance from the Sun varies over the course of its year.</span> Pada orbit elips, jarak tubuh dari Matahari bervariasi selama tahun tersebut.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A body's closest approach to the Sun is called its <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion&usg=ALkJrhjDcXxh7bYshWjQHkda23D6JDcizw" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion"><i>perihelion</i></a> , while its most distant point from the Sun is called its <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphelion&usg=ALkJrhizAFTQgrfZFn_lKfu7AQTImux2vQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelion"><i>aphelion</i></a> .</span> tubuh Pendekatan terdekat dengan Matahari disebut nya <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perihelion&usg=ALkJrhjDcXxh7bYshWjQHkda23D6JDcizw" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion"><i>perihelion</i></a> , sedangkan titik yang paling jauh dari Matahari disebut dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphelion&usg=ALkJrhizAFTQgrfZFn_lKfu7AQTImux2vQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelion"><i>aphelion</i></a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The orbits of the planets are nearly circular, but many comets, asteroids and Kuiper belt objects follow highly elliptical orbits.</span> Orbit planet hampir lingkaran, namun banyak komet, asteroid dan objek Sabuk Kuiper mengikuti orbit yang sangat elips.</span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Due to the vast distances involved, many representations of the Solar System show orbits the same distance apart.</span> Karena jarak yang luas yang terlibat, banyak representasi menunjukkan tata surya mengorbit terpisah jarak yang sama.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">In reality, with a few exceptions, the farther a planet or belt is from the Sun, the larger the distance between it and the previous orbit.</span> Pada kenyataannya, dengan beberapa pengecualian, semakin jauh sebuah planet atau sabuk dari Matahari, semakin besar jarak antara itu dan orbit sebelumnya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For example, Venus is approximately 0.33 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit&usg=ALkJrhhDNLn4gaCWc4wbhCKnGQ2JB372WA" title="Unit Astronomi">astronomical units</a> (AU) <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Dnone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Dnone">[d]</sup></a> farther out from the Sun than Mercury, while Saturn is 4.3 AU out from Jupiter, and Neptune lies 10.5 AU out from Uranus.</span> Misalnya, Venus adalah sekitar 0,33 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit&usg=ALkJrhhDNLn4gaCWc4wbhCKnGQ2JB372WA" title="Unit Astronomi">unit astronomi</a> (AU) <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Dnone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Dnone">[d]</sup></a> lebih jauh keluar dari Matahari daripada Merkurius, sedangkan Saturnus adalah 4,3 AU dari Jupiter, dan Neptunus terletak 10,5 AU dari Uranus.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Attempts have been made to determine a correlation between these orbital distances (for example, the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titius%25E2%2580%2593Bode_law&usg=ALkJrhgn-V5RkdfpF8zLV689V8ozveoz4Q">Titius–Bode law</a> ), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-6"><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><span>[</span> 7 <span>]</span></sup></a> but no such theory has been accepted.</span> Upaya-upaya telah dilakukan untuk menentukan hubungan antara jarak orbital (misalnya, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titius%25E2%2580%2593Bode_law&usg=ALkJrhgn-V5RkdfpF8zLV689V8ozveoz4Q">-Bode hukum Titius</a> ), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-6"><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><span>[7]</span></sup></a> tetapi tidak ada teori tersebut telah diterima.</span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Most of the planets in the Solar System possess secondary systems of their own, being orbited by planetary objects called <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite&usg=ALkJrhhJv-82-hu9kZ93_QDjiskFnTUbpA" title="Alam satelit">natural satellites</a> , or moons (two of which are larger than the planet <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgLm-J-V9aig9T4pCnfc5EoNyZ-Jw" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> ), or, in the case of the four <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giant&usg=ALkJrhg9dVwyKZ1yrEqdjRgCLgR_OSrF6g" title="Gas raksasa">gas giants</a> , by <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_ring&usg=ALkJrhjAaUJY-N7MyS06zzyyUYcZKiNpew" title="Planetary cincin">planetary rings</a> ; thin bands of tiny particles that orbit them in unison.</span> Sebagian besar planet di tata surya memiliki sistem sekunder mereka sendiri, yang mengorbit oleh benda planet yang disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite&usg=ALkJrhhJv-82-hu9kZ93_QDjiskFnTUbpA" title="Alam satelit">satelit alami</a> , atau bulan (dua di antaranya adalah lebih besar dari planet <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgLm-J-V9aig9T4pCnfc5EoNyZ-Jw" title="Mercury (planet)">Merkurius</a> ), atau, dalam kasus dari empat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giant&usg=ALkJrhg9dVwyKZ1yrEqdjRgCLgR_OSrF6g" title="Gas raksasa">raksasa gas</a> , oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_ring&usg=ALkJrhjAaUJY-N7MyS06zzyyUYcZKiNpew" title="Planetary cincin">cincin planet</a> ; band tipis partikel kecil yang mengorbit mereka serempak.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Most of the largest natural satellites are in <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_rotation&usg=ALkJrhhfwaiORQeU3sdGjUmCpJ-A8Sed1w">synchronous rotation</a> , with one face permanently turned toward their parent.</span> Sebagian besar satelit alami terbesar di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_rotation&usg=ALkJrhhfwaiORQeU3sdGjUmCpJ-A8Sed1w">rotasi sinkron</a> , dengan satu wajah permanen berbalik ke arah orang tua mereka.</span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The objects of the inner Solar System are composed mostly of <i>rock</i> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak1995-7"><sup id="cite_ref-Podolak1995_7-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 8 <span>]</span></sup></a> the collective name for compounds with high melting points, such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicates&usg=ALkJrhhlI8_VmLUKMp1LJDet-IxEIVrlNQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Silikat">silicates</a> , iron or nickel, that remained solid under almost all conditions in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_nebula&usg=ALkJrhipiOaON_sD0C0F29bbuNFzy3JsWw">protoplanetary nebula</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak2000-8"><sup id="cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 9 <span>]</span></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-1" class="reference"><span>[</span> 9 <span>]</span></sup></a> Jupiter and Saturn are composed mainly of <i>gases</i> , the astronomical term for materials with extremely low melting points and high <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor_pressure&usg=ALkJrhgfM52DkoNatZPkghnnyLLNaqXnJQ">vapor pressure</a> such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_hydrogen&usg=ALkJrhjGFRWim3BVyF1nviArl2uh9-rvYQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekul hidrogen">molecular hydrogen</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium&usg=ALkJrhjCxVhEpLiRs4tr8m7kQh-8OvLAxA">helium</a> , and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon&usg=ALkJrhgLlDAPjhf1-0FU8_TGClS1tAoxCw">neon</a> , which were always in the gaseous phase in the nebula. <sup id="cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak2000-8"><span>[</span> 9 <span>]</span></a></sup> <i>Ices</i> , like <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water&usg=ALkJrhhI2mFwd8O9hksXm-Jeoj9mRGXSiQ">water</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane&usg=ALkJrhjsMzbhGI9Jx8eo6UCHJA105lTq_A">methane</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia&usg=ALkJrhhnFEaatvKPlCOgFBTyr0nJkKqBHA">ammonia</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide&usg=ALkJrhjXZP4L568nHfrhPx7jH1dZ10wwsQ">hydrogen sulfide</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide&usg=ALkJrhhhIBrsOIgytYktvZl5s7sq8ocGPw">carbon dioxide</a> , <sup id="cite_ref-Podolak1995_7-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak1995-7"><span>[</span> 8 <span>]</span></a></sup> have melting points up to a few hundred kelvins, while their phase depends on the ambient pressure and temperature. <sup id="cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-3" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak2000-8"><span>[</span> 9 <span>]</span></a></sup> They can be found as ices, liquids, or gases in various places in the Solar System, while in the nebula they were either in the solid or gaseous phase. <sup id="cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-4" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak2000-8"><span>[</span> 9 <span>]</span></a></sup> Icy substances comprise the majority of the satellites of the giant planets, as well as most of Uranus and Neptune (the so-called " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giant&usg=ALkJrhgs5fAkYIZI8t-L54z9wQOFGoovkA" title="Es raksasa">ice giants</a> ") and the numerous small objects that lie beyond Neptune's orbit. <sup id="cite_ref-Podolak1995_7-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak1995-7"><span>[</span> 8 <span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-zeilik-9"><sup id="cite_ref-zeilik_9-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 10 <span>]</span></sup></a> Together, gases and ices are referred to as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles&usg=ALkJrhg9E9E6ikp0Aiky2L8R54l6coNzKA"><i>volatiles</i></a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Placxo-10"><sup id="cite_ref-Placxo_10-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 11 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Objek Tata Surya bagian dalam sebagian besar terdiri dari <i>batuan,</i> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak1995-7"><sup id="cite_ref-Podolak1995_7-0" class="reference"><span>[8]</span></sup></a> nama kolektif untuk senyawa dengan titik leleh tinggi, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicates&usg=ALkJrhhlI8_VmLUKMp1LJDet-IxEIVrlNQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Silikat">silikat</a> , besi atau nikel, yang tetap solid di bawah hampir semua kondisi dalam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_nebula&usg=ALkJrhipiOaON_sD0C0F29bbuNFzy3JsWw">nebula protoplanet</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak2000-8"><span><sup id="cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-0" class="reference">[9]</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-1" class="reference">[ 9]</sup></span></a> Jupiter dan Saturnus terdiri terutama dari <i>gas,</i> istilah astronomi untuk bahan dengan titik lebur yang sangat rendah dan tinggi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor_pressure&usg=ALkJrhgfM52DkoNatZPkghnnyLLNaqXnJQ">tekanan uap</a> seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_hydrogen&usg=ALkJrhjGFRWim3BVyF1nviArl2uh9-rvYQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekul hidrogen">molekul hidrogen</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium&usg=ALkJrhjCxVhEpLiRs4tr8m7kQh-8OvLAxA">helium</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon&usg=ALkJrhgLlDAPjhf1-0FU8_TGClS1tAoxCw">neon</a> , yang selalu dalam tahap gas di nebula. <sup id="cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak2000-8"><span>[9]</span></a></sup> <i>Es</i> , seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water&usg=ALkJrhhI2mFwd8O9hksXm-Jeoj9mRGXSiQ">air</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane&usg=ALkJrhjsMzbhGI9Jx8eo6UCHJA105lTq_A">metana</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia&usg=ALkJrhhnFEaatvKPlCOgFBTyr0nJkKqBHA">amonia</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide&usg=ALkJrhjXZP4L568nHfrhPx7jH1dZ10wwsQ">hidrogen sulfida</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide&usg=ALkJrhhhIBrsOIgytYktvZl5s7sq8ocGPw">karbon dioksida</a> , <sup id="cite_ref-Podolak1995_7-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak1995-7"><span>[8]</span></a></sup> telah leleh poin sampai kelvin beberapa ratus, sedangkan fasa mereka tergantung pada tekanan ambient dan suhu. <sup id="cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-3" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak2000-8"><span>[9]</span></a></sup> Mereka dapat ditemukan sebagai es krim, cairan, atau gas di berbagai tempat di Tata Surya, sementara di nebula mereka baik dalam fase padat atau gas. <sup id="cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-4" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak2000-8"><span>[9]</span></a></sup> Icy zat mayoritas terdiri dari satelit dari planet raksasa, serta sebagian besar Uranus dan Neptunus (yang yang disebut "jadi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giant&usg=ALkJrhgs5fAkYIZI8t-L54z9wQOFGoovkA" title="Es raksasa">raksasa es</a> ") dan banyak benda-benda kecil yang berada di luar orbit Neptunus. <span><sup id="cite_ref-Podolak1995_7-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Podolak1995-7">[8]</a></sup> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-zeilik-9"><sup id="cite_ref-zeilik_9-0" class="reference">[10]</sup></a></span> Bersama, gas dan es yang disebut sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles&usg=ALkJrhg9E9E6ikp0Aiky2L8R54l6coNzKA"><i>volatil</i></a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Placxo-10"><sup id="cite_ref-Placxo_10-0" class="reference"><span>[11]</span></sup></a></span> </p><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sun">Sun</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Sun">Matahari</span></span> </h2><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun&usg=ALkJrhj8CVsrluXgyROtIBWKaRNwe5s23A">Sun</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun&usg=ALkJrhj8CVsrluXgyROtIBWKaRNwe5s23A">Sun</a></span> </div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 172px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Venustransit_2004-06-08_07-49.jpg&usg=ALkJrhiXtN6MDqvJxXATkj0b4GOFF4f06g" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Venustransit_2004-06-08_07-49.jpg/170px-Venustransit_2004-06-08_07-49.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="174" width="170" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Venustransit_2004-06-08_07-49.jpg&usg=ALkJrhiXtN6MDqvJxXATkj0b4GOFF4f06g" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_of_Venus&usg=ALkJrhjwzzdTflCuPiHD-OMChgmTHegU1w">transit of Venus</a></span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_of_Venus&usg=ALkJrhjwzzdTflCuPiHD-OMChgmTHegU1w">transit Venus</a></span> </div></div></div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Sun is the Solar System's star, and by far its chief component.</span> Matahari adalah bintang tata surya, dan sejauh ini komponen utamanya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Its large mass (332,900 Earth masses) <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-11"><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><span>[</span> 12 <span>]</span></sup></a> produces temperatures and densities in its <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun&usg=ALkJrhj8CVsrluXgyROtIBWKaRNwe5s23A#Core" title="Matahari">core</a> great enough to sustain <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion&usg=ALkJrhjlxsE1ccmyy77kNHChs995Ptw2XA">nuclear fusion</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-12"><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><span>[</span> 13 <span>]</span></sup></a> which releases enormous amounts of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy&usg=ALkJrhhjxEUbjEzoRxRy6J2fc9SgQDwJhQ">energy</a> , mostly <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_energy&usg=ALkJrhiPnfhwCon2LzxrZcKiT1vekBTEhw" title="Radiant energi">radiated</a> into <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space&usg=ALkJrhgHt0RBmw8ZHc7t2m8Lg7rAXxB-gQ" title="Angkasa luar">space</a> as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation&usg=ALkJrhjR_zNnfJPobwI6OiXGEEhmxayCiQ">electromagnetic radiation</a> , peaking in the 400–700 nm band we call <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_light&usg=ALkJrhgx2PZVFya64ZaxAgjXYMj8jHXckw" class="mw-redirect" title="Terlihat cahaya">visible light</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-13"><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><span>[</span> 14 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Its besar massa (332.900 massa Bumi) <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-11"><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><span>[12]</span></sup></a> menghasilkan suhu dan kepadatan dalam Surat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun&usg=ALkJrhj8CVsrluXgyROtIBWKaRNwe5s23A#Core" title="Matahari">inti</a> cukup besar untuk mempertahankan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion&usg=ALkJrhjlxsE1ccmyy77kNHChs995Ptw2XA">fusi nuklir</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-12"><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><span>[13]</span></sup></a> yang melepaskan sejumlah besar <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy&usg=ALkJrhhjxEUbjEzoRxRy6J2fc9SgQDwJhQ">energi</a> , sebagian besar <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_energy&usg=ALkJrhiPnfhwCon2LzxrZcKiT1vekBTEhw" title="Radiant energi">dipancarkan</a> ke <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space&usg=ALkJrhgHt0RBmw8ZHc7t2m8Lg7rAXxB-gQ" title="Angkasa luar">angkasa</a> sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation&usg=ALkJrhjR_zNnfJPobwI6OiXGEEhmxayCiQ">radiasi elektromagnetik</a> , memuncak pada 400-700 nm band kita sebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_light&usg=ALkJrhgx2PZVFya64ZaxAgjXYMj8jHXckw" class="mw-redirect" title="Terlihat cahaya">cahaya tampak</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-13"><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><span>[14]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Sun is classified as a type G2 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_dwarf&usg=ALkJrhiyG-qB13CpEusO4k6aEciiAgsqeA" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuning kerdil">yellow dwarf</a> , but this name is misleading as, compared to the majority of stars in <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way&usg=ALkJrhhYT3SYA2Urakxk7VHAoL5irNR76g" title="Bimasakti">our galaxy</a> , the Sun is rather large and bright. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-sun-14"><sup id="cite_ref-sun_14-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 15 <span>]</span></sup></a> Stars are classified by the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzsprung%25E2%2580%2593Russell_diagram&usg=ALkJrhhzruShChrClsMe-bRULwFywRDH7Q">Hertzsprung–Russell diagram</a> , a graph that plots the brightness of stars with their surface <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature&usg=ALkJrhifSjZULznAnKcKMPP7jOksHpBb2w" title="Suhu">temperatures</a> .</span> Matahari diklasifikasikan sebagai tipe G2 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_dwarf&usg=ALkJrhiyG-qB13CpEusO4k6aEciiAgsqeA" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuning kerdil">kerdil kuning</a> , tapi nama ini menyesatkan karena, dibandingkan dengan sebagian besar bintang di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way&usg=ALkJrhhYT3SYA2Urakxk7VHAoL5irNR76g" title="Bimasakti">galaksi kita</a> , matahari agak besar dan cerah. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-sun-14"><sup id="cite_ref-sun_14-0" class="reference"><span>[15]</span></sup></a> Bintang diklasifikasikan oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzsprung%25E2%2580%2593Russell_diagram&usg=ALkJrhhzruShChrClsMe-bRULwFywRDH7Q">-Russell diagram Hertzsprung</a> , sebuah grafik bahwa plot kecerahan bintang dengan permukaan mereka <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature&usg=ALkJrhifSjZULznAnKcKMPP7jOksHpBb2w" title="Suhu">suhu</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Generally, hotter stars are brighter.</span> Umumnya, bintang-bintang panas lebih terang.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Stars following this pattern are said to be on the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence&usg=ALkJrhgQ_F--QMFYkWJuUDFfTB72K9wfiQ">main sequence</a> , and the Sun lies right in the middle of it.</span> Bintang mengikuti pola ini dikatakan berada di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence&usg=ALkJrhgQ_F--QMFYkWJuUDFfTB72K9wfiQ">urutan utama</a> , dan Matahari terletak tepat di tengah itu.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">However, stars brighter and hotter than the Sun are rare, while substantially dimmer and cooler stars, known as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf&usg=ALkJrhial2L1CQFxFcV6jb4Uq6_XspPkPg" title="Merah kerdil">red dwarfs</a> , are common, making up 85 percent of the stars in the galaxy. <sup id="cite_ref-sun_14-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-sun-14"><span>[</span> 15 <span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-15"><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><span>[</span> 16 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Namun, bintang terang dan lebih panas dari Matahari yang langka, sementara redup dan pendingin bintang substansial, yang dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf&usg=ALkJrhial2L1CQFxFcV6jb4Uq6_XspPkPg" title="Merah kerdil">merah kerdil</a> , adalah biasa, membuat 85 persen dari bintang-bintang di galaksi. <span><sup id="cite_ref-sun_14-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-sun-14">[15]</a></sup> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-15"><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference">[16]</sup></a></span></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is believed that the Sun's position on the main sequence puts it in the "prime of life" for a star, in that it has not yet exhausted its store of hydrogen for nuclear fusion.</span> Hal ini diyakini bahwa posisi Sun pada urutan utama menempatkan dalam "utama kehidupan" untuk bintang, dalam hal itu belum habis menyimpan atas hidrogen untuk fusi nuklir.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Sun is growing brighter; early in its history it was 70 percent as bright as it is today. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-16"><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><span>[</span> 17 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Matahari tumbuh cerah, di perusahaan itu sejarah adalah 70 persen seterang sekarang ini. Awal <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-16"><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><span>[17]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Sun is a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_I_stars&usg=ALkJrhhfnZz_aKFN5pxvl3p2V6ng-JDlJg" title="Penduduk Aku bintang" class="mw-redirect">population I star</a> ; it was born in the later stages of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Big_Bang&usg=ALkJrhjnRRO5dgPOgKsZdWI6kYPzJJiCkA" title="Timeline dari Big Bang">universe's evolution</a> , and thus contains more elements heavier than hydrogen and helium (" <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallicity&usg=ALkJrhhBWmkXRer1mYyfvLOnszKPy1sBiw" title="Metallicity">metals</a> " in astronomical parlance) than older population II stars. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-17"><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><span>[</span> 18 <span>]</span></sup></a> Elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were formed in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_core&usg=ALkJrhhjCaCPk54i0hLvs9cyVOeh02PS0w" title="Surya inti">cores</a> of ancient and exploding stars, so the first generation of stars had to die before the universe could be enriched with these atoms.</span> Matahari adalah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_I_stars&usg=ALkJrhhfnZz_aKFN5pxvl3p2V6ng-JDlJg" title="Penduduk Aku bintang" class="mw-redirect">populasi aku bintang</a> , melainkan lahir pada tahap akhir dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Big_Bang&usg=ALkJrhjnRRO5dgPOgKsZdWI6kYPzJJiCkA" title="Timeline dari Big Bang">itu evolusi alam semesta</a> , dan dengan demikian mengandung unsur-unsur lebih berat daripada hidrogen dan helium (" <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallicity&usg=ALkJrhhBWmkXRer1mYyfvLOnszKPy1sBiw" title="Metallicity">logam</a> "dalam bahasa astronomi) daripada II populasi bintang tua. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-17"><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><span>[18]</span></sup></a> Unsur-unsur lebih berat dari hidrogen dan helium terbentuk di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_core&usg=ALkJrhhjCaCPk54i0hLvs9cyVOeh02PS0w" title="Surya inti">inti</a> dan meledak bintang kuno, sehingga generasi pertama bintang harus mati sebelum alam semesta dapat diperkaya dengan atom-atom ini.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The oldest stars contain few metals, while stars born later have more.</span> Bintang-bintang tertua mengandung logam saja, sementara bintang lahir kemudian memiliki lebih.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This high metallicity is thought to have been crucial to the Sun's developing a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_system&usg=ALkJrhjGOvdUEeHOC5YbIEnkAmjp_rNfAQ">planetary system</a> , because planets form from accretion of "metals". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-18"><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><span>[</span> 19 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Ini metallicity tinggi diperkirakan telah penting untuk Sun mengembangkan sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_system&usg=ALkJrhjGOvdUEeHOC5YbIEnkAmjp_rNfAQ">sistem planet</a> , karena bentuk planet dari pertambahan "logam". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-18"><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><span>[19]</span></sup></a></span> </p><div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heliospheric-current-sheet.gif&usg=ALkJrhiyZhjQdoM2_e4jvZ6KNsUmr6R5eA" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Heliospheric-current-sheet.gif/220px-Heliospheric-current-sheet.gif" class="thumbimage" height="172" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heliospheric-current-sheet.gif&usg=ALkJrhiyZhjQdoM2_e4jvZ6KNsUmr6R5eA" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliospheric_current_sheet&usg=ALkJrhinvlu1yTmdUhJCtJchSu9xLMfhWg">heliospheric current sheet</a></span> The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliospheric_current_sheet&usg=ALkJrhinvlu1yTmdUhJCtJchSu9xLMfhWg">sheet saat Heliospheric</a></span> </div></div></div><h3> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Interplanetary_medium">Interplanetary medium</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Interplanetary_medium">Antar media</span></span> </h3><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_medium&usg=ALkJrhhSSNoM_VMnU6LiJz3eKyOtBtRhUg">Interplanetary medium</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_medium&usg=ALkJrhhSSNoM_VMnU6LiJz3eKyOtBtRhUg">media antar planet</a></span> </div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Along with <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight&usg=ALkJrhgByqGNovofaqdeQr5uPPSc3KLvhg" title="Sinar matahari">light</a> , the Sun radiates a continuous stream of charged particles (a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29&usg=ALkJrhh5jCULw8eZMM2OparyiaQuJkJZrw" title="Plasma (fisika)">plasma</a> ) known as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind&usg=ALkJrhhQ0SAbGmr8qKo1XPQyj3HmSVoYfw">solar wind</a> .</span> Seiring dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight&usg=ALkJrhgByqGNovofaqdeQr5uPPSc3KLvhg" title="Sinar matahari">cahaya</a> , Matahari memancarkan aliran partikel bermuatan kontinu (a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29&usg=ALkJrhh5jCULw8eZMM2OparyiaQuJkJZrw" title="Plasma (fisika)">plasma</a> ) yang dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind&usg=ALkJrhhQ0SAbGmr8qKo1XPQyj3HmSVoYfw">angin surya</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This stream of particles spreads outwards at roughly 1.5 million kilometres per hour, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-19"><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><span>[</span> 20 <span>]</span></sup></a> creating a tenuous atmosphere (the heliosphere) that permeates the Solar System out to at least 100 AU (see <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Heliopause">heliopause</a> ). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Voyager-20"><sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_20-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 21 <span>]</span></sup></a> This is known as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_medium&usg=ALkJrhhSSNoM_VMnU6LiJz3eKyOtBtRhUg">interplanetary medium</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm&usg=ALkJrhiq3dRdP6Mf41iI_TialsyowUiaBw" title="Badai geomagnetik">Geomagnetic storms</a> on the Sun's surface, such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_flare&usg=ALkJrhiHLWbJjDM2Sbtv3O5TuV-8hTsUow" title="Solar flare">solar flares</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection&usg=ALkJrhiiV7qe8Aet2wKYXEKB8MQg_i5I2A" title="Pengusiran massa koronal">coronal mass ejections</a> , disturb the heliosphere, creating <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_weather&usg=ALkJrhhkItA9t8zqbYL3_0n8hHimRBddqA">space weather</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-SunFlip-21"><sup id="cite_ref-SunFlip_21-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 22 <span>]</span></sup></a> The largest structure within the heliosphere is the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliospheric_current_sheet&usg=ALkJrhinvlu1yTmdUhJCtJchSu9xLMfhWg">heliospheric current sheet</a> , a spiral form created by the actions of the Sun's rotating magnetic field on the interplanetary medium. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-22"><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><span>[</span> 23 <span>]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-23"><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><span>[</span> 24 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Ini aliran partikel menyebar ke arah luar di sekitar 1,5 juta kilometer per jam, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-19"><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><span>[20]</span></sup></a> menciptakan suasana yang lemah (heliosphere) yang menembus Sistem keluar Solar untuk minimal 100 AU (lihat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#Heliopause">heliopause</a> ). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Voyager-20"><sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_20-0" class="reference"><span>[21]</span></sup></a> Ini dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_medium&usg=ALkJrhhSSNoM_VMnU6LiJz3eKyOtBtRhUg">antar menengah</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm&usg=ALkJrhiq3dRdP6Mf41iI_TialsyowUiaBw" title="Badai geomagnetik">badai Geomagnetik</a> pada Sun permukaan, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_flare&usg=ALkJrhiHLWbJjDM2Sbtv3O5TuV-8hTsUow" title="Solar flare">solar flare</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection&usg=ALkJrhiiV7qe8Aet2wKYXEKB8MQg_i5I2A" title="Pengusiran massa koronal">coronal mass ejections</a> , mengganggu heliosphere, menciptakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_weather&usg=ALkJrhhkItA9t8zqbYL3_0n8hHimRBddqA">cuaca ruang</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-SunFlip-21"><sup id="cite_ref-SunFlip_21-0" class="reference"><span>[22]</span></sup></a> Struktur terbesar dalam heliosphere adalah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliospheric_current_sheet&usg=ALkJrhinvlu1yTmdUhJCtJchSu9xLMfhWg">lembaran saat Heliospheric</a> , bentuk spiral yang diciptakan oleh tindakan Sun medan magnet berputar pada medium antarplanet. <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-22"><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference">[23]</sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-23"><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference">[24]</sup></a></span></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field&usg=ALkJrhgKxHd_nA5LBHf4UpSc4TbXcSXyOg">Earth's magnetic field</a> stops <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere&usg=ALkJrhhGej8br1Sc5KJK_TPJdjclxq3XtQ" title="Bumi atmosfer" class="mw-redirect">its atmosphere</a> from being stripped away by the solar wind.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field&usg=ALkJrhgKxHd_nA5LBHf4UpSc4TbXcSXyOg">ladang magnet bumi</a> berhenti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere&usg=ALkJrhhGej8br1Sc5KJK_TPJdjclxq3XtQ" title="Bumi atmosfer" class="mw-redirect">atmosfer</a> dari yang dilucuti oleh angin matahari.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Venus and Mars do not have magnetic fields, and as a result, the solar wind causes their atmospheres to gradually bleed away into space. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-24"><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><span>[</span> 25 <span>]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection&usg=ALkJrhiiV7qe8Aet2wKYXEKB8MQg_i5I2A" title="Pengusiran massa koronal">Coronal mass ejections</a> and similar events blow magnetic field and huge quantities of material from the surface of the Sun.</span> Venus dan Mars tidak memiliki medan magnet, dan sebagai hasilnya, angin matahari menyebabkan atmosfer mereka untuk secara bertahap berdarah pergi ke ruang angkasa. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-24"><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><span>[25]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection&usg=ALkJrhiiV7qe8Aet2wKYXEKB8MQg_i5I2A" title="Pengusiran massa koronal">ejections Koronal massa</a> dan peristiwa serupa medan magnet pukulan dan sejumlah besar bahan dari permukaan Matahari .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The interaction of this magnetic field and material with Earth's magnetic field funnels charged particles into the Earth's upper atmosphere, where its interactions create <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_%28astronomy%29&usg=ALkJrhiIn9p5eaNW6gcMus41vIxRpRRWsw" title="Aurora (astronomi)">aurorae</a> seen near the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field&usg=ALkJrhgKxHd_nA5LBHf4UpSc4TbXcSXyOg#Magnetic_pole" title="Medan magnet bumi">magnetic poles</a> .</span> Interaksi dari medan magnet dan bahan dengan medan magnet's saluran Bumi partikel bermuatan ke Teman atas atmosfer bumi, di mana interaksinya menciptakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_%28astronomy%29&usg=ALkJrhiIn9p5eaNW6gcMus41vIxRpRRWsw" title="Aurora (astronomi)">aurora</a> terlihat di dekat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field&usg=ALkJrhgKxHd_nA5LBHf4UpSc4TbXcSXyOg#Magnetic_pole" title="Medan magnet bumi">kutub magnet</a> .</span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_rays&usg=ALkJrhhyXUekQq5zyeji9tOUcMrrefS4Lw" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinar kosmik">Cosmic rays</a> originate outside the Solar System.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_rays&usg=ALkJrhhyXUekQq5zyeji9tOUcMrrefS4Lw" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinar kosmik">Sinar kosmik</a> berasal dari luar tata surya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The heliosphere partially shields the Solar System, and planetary magnetic fields (for those planets that have them) also provide some protection.</span> The heliosphere sebagian perisai Tata Surya, dan medan magnet planet (bagi planet yang mereka) juga menyediakan perlindungan.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The density of cosmic rays in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium&usg=ALkJrhjWkfI6R5QPOmrcofpFCisbNPsvHw">interstellar medium</a> and the strength of the Sun's magnetic field change on very long timescales, so the level of cosmic radiation in the Solar System varies, though by how much is unknown. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Langner_et_al_2005-25"><sup id="cite_ref-Langner_et_al_2005_25-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 26 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Kepadatan dari sinar kosmik dalam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium&usg=ALkJrhjWkfI6R5QPOmrcofpFCisbNPsvHw">medium antarbintang</a> dan kekuatan medan magnet perubahan's Sun pada rentang waktu sangat panjang, sehingga tingkat radiasi kosmik di tata surya bervariasi, meskipun oleh berapa banyak tidak diketahui. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Langner_et_al_2005-25"><sup id="cite_ref-Langner_et_al_2005_25-0" class="reference"><span>[26]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The interplanetary medium is home to at least two disc-like regions of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_dust&usg=ALkJrhgTKcbHcjnoCphWl2Y50J0YWXyQAQ">cosmic dust</a> .</span> Media antarplanet adalah rumah bagi setidaknya dua-seperti daerah piringan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_dust&usg=ALkJrhgTKcbHcjnoCphWl2Y50J0YWXyQAQ">debu kosmik</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The first, the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_dust_cloud&usg=ALkJrhi1AbUw9nQkgeKw-Z0vEBcZN_pYqg" title="Awan debu antar planet">zodiacal dust cloud</a> , lies in the inner Solar System and causes <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiacal_light&usg=ALkJrhi52z3zEIS615_VurwiNoP6b5wENg">zodiacal light</a> .</span> Yang pertama, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_dust_cloud&usg=ALkJrhi1AbUw9nQkgeKw-Z0vEBcZN_pYqg" title="Awan debu antar planet">awan debu zodiak</a> , terletak di tata surya bagian dalam dan menyebabkan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiacal_light&usg=ALkJrhi52z3zEIS615_VurwiNoP6b5wENg">cahaya zodiak</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It was likely formed by collisions within the asteroid belt brought on by interactions with the planets. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-26"><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><span>[</span> 27 <span>]</span></sup></a> The second extends from about 10 AU to about 40 AU, and was probably created by similar collisions within the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt&usg=ALkJrhhXChyBSsF7aL8yCdAwJfLEsY8o2A">Kuiper belt</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-27"><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><span>[</span> 28 <span>]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-28"><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><span>[</span> 29 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Hal ini mungkin terbentuk oleh tabrakan dalam sabuk asteroid dibawa oleh interaksi dengan planet-planet. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-26"><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><span>[27]</span></sup></a> Yang kedua memanjang dari sekitar 10 AU sampai sekitar 40 AU, dan mungkin diciptakan oleh tumbukan sejenis di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt&usg=ALkJrhhXChyBSsF7aL8yCdAwJfLEsY8o2A">Sabuk Kuiper</a> . <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-27"><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference">[28]</sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-28"><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference">[29 ]</sup></a></span></span> </p><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Inner_Solar_System">Inner Solar System</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Inner_Solar_System">Inner Solar System</span></span> </h2><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The inner Solar System is the traditional name for the region comprising the terrestrial planets and asteroids. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-inner-29"><sup id="cite_ref-inner_29-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 30 <span>]</span></sup></a> Composed mainly of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate&usg=ALkJrhiAKg3Y071FW7oiVXIg9c_9bIdxlA" title="Silikat">silicates</a> and metals, the objects of the inner Solar System are relatively close to the Sun; the radius of this entire region is shorter than the distance between Jupiter and Saturn.</span> The Solar System batin adalah nama tradisional untuk wilayah yang terdiri dari planet terestrial dan asteroid. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-inner-29"><sup id="cite_ref-inner_29-0" class="reference"><span>[30]</span></sup></a> Terdiri terutama dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate&usg=ALkJrhiAKg3Y071FW7oiVXIg9c_9bIdxlA" title="Silikat">silikat</a> dan logam, objek Tata Surya bagian dalam yang relatif dekat dengan Matahari, jari-jari ini seluruh wilayah yang lebih pendek dibandingkan dengan jarak antara Jupiter dan Saturnus.</span> </p><h3> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Inner_planets">Inner planets</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Inner_planets">Inner planet</span></span> </h3><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet&usg=ALkJrhirXVQL75lgfu1_ukH9g9YBq3HLrA">Terrestrial planet</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet&usg=ALkJrhirXVQL75lgfu1_ukH9g9YBq3HLrA">Terrestrial planet</a></span> </div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg&usg=ALkJrhhpFUzUxw3LHia8-eDrk2waDGn6yQ" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg/220px-Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="96" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg&usg=ALkJrhhpFUzUxw3LHia8-eDrk2waDGn6yQ" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The inner planets.</span> Bagian dalam planet.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">From left to right: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgLm-J-V9aig9T4pCnfc5EoNyZ-Jw" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus&usg=ALkJrhjRJYHX15XwvagfQvFzUrSd3fHWMQ">Venus</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth&usg=ALkJrhggzYeo6bjQZosj_0fmRgaV7Y8p1Q">Earth</a> , and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars&usg=ALkJrhgdKZdhMDvevlnzyRIYb4wjNCId9A">Mars</a> (sizes to scale, interplanetary distances not)</span> Dari kiri ke kanan: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgLm-J-V9aig9T4pCnfc5EoNyZ-Jw" title="Mercury (planet)">Merkurius</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus&usg=ALkJrhjRJYHX15XwvagfQvFzUrSd3fHWMQ">Venus</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth&usg=ALkJrhggzYeo6bjQZosj_0fmRgaV7Y8p1Q">Bumi</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars&usg=ALkJrhgdKZdhMDvevlnzyRIYb4wjNCId9A">Mars</a> (ukuran untuk skala, jarak antar tidak)</span> </div></div></div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The four inner or terrestrial planets have dense, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29&usg=ALkJrhhrZirMd-q4k2pcT8kwzxbKd7OtJg" title="Rock (geologi)">rocky</a> compositions, few or no <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite&usg=ALkJrhhJv-82-hu9kZ93_QDjiskFnTUbpA" title="Alam satelit">moons</a> , and no <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_ring&usg=ALkJrhjAaUJY-N7MyS06zzyyUYcZKiNpew" title="Planetary cincin">ring systems</a> .</span> Empat atau terrestrial planet dalam sudah padat, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29&usg=ALkJrhhrZirMd-q4k2pcT8kwzxbKd7OtJg" title="Rock (geologi)">berbatu</a> komposisi, sedikit atau tidak ada <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite&usg=ALkJrhhJv-82-hu9kZ93_QDjiskFnTUbpA" title="Alam satelit">bulan</a> , dan tidak ada <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_ring&usg=ALkJrhjAaUJY-N7MyS06zzyyUYcZKiNpew" title="Planetary cincin">sistem cincin</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">They are composed largely of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_%28astronomy%29&usg=ALkJrhgASA-6m-qRqT4WIYHkhimDU2mieg" title="Refraktori (astronomi)" class="mw-redirect">refractory</a> minerals, such as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate&usg=ALkJrhiAKg3Y071FW7oiVXIg9c_9bIdxlA" title="Silikat">silicates</a> , which form their <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_%28geology%29&usg=ALkJrhgK83b3BaaGvmYHWjPsaHKAqaSJkQ" title="Crust (geologi)">crusts</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_%28geology%29&usg=ALkJrhg1iKMyTebxdnHxKSq59sqakTngag" title="Mantle (geologi)">mantles</a> , and metals such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron&usg=ALkJrhjfnVhpWRaoRNUjPHLEAqcB_3zOHA">iron</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel&usg=ALkJrhiKF25AKteC_QnzWdCuGYwi7yZDxA">nickel</a> , which form their <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_core&usg=ALkJrhjiD098TiPLhB_FgvJVEic-T2wOHA" title="Planetary inti">cores</a> .</span> Mereka sebagian besar terdiri dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_%28astronomy%29&usg=ALkJrhgASA-6m-qRqT4WIYHkhimDU2mieg" title="Refraktori (astronomi)" class="mw-redirect">bahan tahan api</a> mineral, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate&usg=ALkJrhiAKg3Y071FW7oiVXIg9c_9bIdxlA" title="Silikat">silikat</a> , yang membentuk mereka <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_%28geology%29&usg=ALkJrhgK83b3BaaGvmYHWjPsaHKAqaSJkQ" title="Crust (geologi)">kerak</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_%28geology%29&usg=ALkJrhg1iKMyTebxdnHxKSq59sqakTngag" title="Mantle (geologi)">kaos</a> , dan logam seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron&usg=ALkJrhjfnVhpWRaoRNUjPHLEAqcB_3zOHA">besi</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel&usg=ALkJrhiKF25AKteC_QnzWdCuGYwi7yZDxA">nikel</a> , yang merupakan mereka <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_core&usg=ALkJrhjiD098TiPLhB_FgvJVEic-T2wOHA" title="Planetary inti">core</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Three of the four inner planets (Venus, Earth and Mars) have <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere&usg=ALkJrhjA_r6Idj6Ua9swWN6JC0kof1n9eg" title="Suasana">atmospheres</a> substantial enough to generate <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather&usg=ALkJrhh9EHbW4wwvBjqKlFqghp-ye8zdPw">weather</a> ; all have <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater&usg=ALkJrhi-6XrHvUK1MRQqvnJk7oZO5uMUkw" title="Dampak kawah">impact craters</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonics&usg=ALkJrhjP4yUDO7dJREP4-8Cn_0tDPBfmUA" title="Tektonik">tectonic</a> surface features such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_valley&usg=ALkJrhj7EDX8BFwUo1xnnU62MI3ep0k53Q" title="Lembah Rift">rift valleys</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano&usg=ALkJrhjgcQd4EdPJ1GtIT0nSmnWG_6bHtg" title="Gunung berapi">volcanoes</a> .</span> Tiga dari empat planet dalam (Venus, Bumi dan Mars) memiliki <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere&usg=ALkJrhjA_r6Idj6Ua9swWN6JC0kof1n9eg" title="Suasana">atmosfer</a> cukup kuat untuk menghasilkan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather&usg=ALkJrhh9EHbW4wwvBjqKlFqghp-ye8zdPw">cuaca</a> ; semua memiliki <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater&usg=ALkJrhi-6XrHvUK1MRQqvnJk7oZO5uMUkw" title="Dampak kawah">dampak kawah</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonics&usg=ALkJrhjP4yUDO7dJREP4-8Cn_0tDPBfmUA" title="Tektonik">tektonik</a> permukaan fitur seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_valley&usg=ALkJrhj7EDX8BFwUo1xnnU62MI3ep0k53Q" title="Lembah Rift">celah lembah</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano&usg=ALkJrhjgcQd4EdPJ1GtIT0nSmnWG_6bHtg" title="Gunung berapi">gunung berapi</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The term <i>inner planet</i> should not be confused with <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_planet&usg=ALkJrhiJ_h_YV56qDaxjPl53QocTFM8X7Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior planet"><i>inferior planet</i></a> , which designates those planets that are closer to the Sun than Earth is (ie Mercury and Venus).</span> <i>Planet dalam</i> jangka pendek tidak harus bingung dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_planet&usg=ALkJrhiJ_h_YV56qDaxjPl53QocTFM8X7Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior planet"><i>planet rendah</i></a> , yang menunjuk orang-orang planet yang lebih dekat ke Matahari daripada Bumi (yaitu Merkurius dan Venus).</span> </p><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Mercury">Mercury</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Mercury">Air raksa</span></span> </h4><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgLm-J-V9aig9T4pCnfc5EoNyZ-Jw" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> (0.4 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit&usg=ALkJrhhDNLn4gaCWc4wbhCKnGQ2JB372WA" title="Unit Astronomi">AU</a> from the Sun) is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest planet in the Solar System (0.055 Earth masses).</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgLm-J-V9aig9T4pCnfc5EoNyZ-Jw" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> (0,4 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit&usg=ALkJrhhDNLn4gaCWc4wbhCKnGQ2JB372WA" title="Unit Astronomi">AU</a> dari Matahari) adalah planet terdekat dengan Matahari dan planet terkecil di tata surya (0,055 massa Bumi).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Mercury has no natural satellites, and its only known geological features besides impact craters are lobed ridges or <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupes&usg=ALkJrhiuRuHxXOiPdK1zxzulkwOI3wZWKg">rupes</a> , probably produced by a period of contraction early in its history. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-30"><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><span>[</span> 31 <span>]</span></sup></a> Mercury's almost negligible atmosphere consists of atoms blasted off its surface by the solar wind. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-31"><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><span>[</span> 32 <span>]</span></sup></a> Its relatively large iron core and thin mantle have not yet been adequately explained.</span> Merkurius tidak memiliki satelit alam, dan geologi hanya diketahui fitur-fiturnya selain dampak kawah yang lobed pegunungan atau <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupes&usg=ALkJrhiuRuHxXOiPdK1zxzulkwOI3wZWKg">Air Sungai</a> , mungkin dihasilkan oleh periode kontraksi awal sejarah. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-30"><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><span>[31]</span></sup></a> hampir diabaikan atmosfir Merkurius terdiri dari atom meluncur permukaannya oleh surya angin. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-31"><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><span>[32]</span></sup></a> inti besi yang relatif besar dan tipis mantel Its belum cukup dijelaskan.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Hypotheses include that its outer layers were stripped off by a giant impact, and that it was prevented from fully accreting by the young Sun's energy. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-32"><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><span>[</span> 33 <span>]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-33"><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><span>[</span> 34 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Hipotesis termasuk yang lapisan luarnya dilucuti off dengan dampak yang raksasa, dan bahwa itu dicegah dari sepenuhnya accreting oleh muda Sun energi. <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-32"><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference">[33]</sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-33"><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference">[34]</sup></a></span></span> </dd></dl><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Venus">Venus</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Venus">Venus</span></span> </h4><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus&usg=ALkJrhjRJYHX15XwvagfQvFzUrSd3fHWMQ">Venus</a> (0.7 AU from the Sun) is close in size to Earth, (0.815 Earth masses) and like Earth, has a thick silicate mantle around an iron core, a substantial atmosphere and evidence of internal geological activity.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus&usg=ALkJrhjRJYHX15XwvagfQvFzUrSd3fHWMQ">Venus</a> (0,7 AU dari Matahari) dekat dalam ukuran ke Bumi, (0,815 massa Bumi) dan seperti bumi, memiliki mantel silikat tebal sekitar sebuah inti besi, suasana substansial dan bukti aktivitas geologi internal.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">However, it is much drier than Earth and its atmosphere is ninety times as dense.</span> Namun, jauh lebih kering dari bumi dan atmosfer adalah sembilan puluh kali lebih padat.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Venus has no natural satellites.</span> Venus tidak memiliki satelit alam.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is the hottest planet, with surface temperatures over 400 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius&usg=ALkJrhi50VkAyanVI2pBcZaEyHteFsEBMA" title="Celsius">°C</a> , most likely due to the amount of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas&usg=ALkJrhjnadOXPjBcICT_MeRcdvliUa6cJQ" title="Gas rumah kaca">greenhouse gases</a> in the atmosphere. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-34"><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><span>[</span> 35 <span>]</span></sup></a> No definitive evidence of current geological activity has been detected on Venus, but it has no magnetic field that would prevent depletion of its substantial atmosphere, which suggests that its atmosphere is regularly replenished by volcanic eruptions. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-35"><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><span>[</span> 36 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Ini adalah planet terpanas, dengan suhu permukaan lebih dari 400 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius&usg=ALkJrhi50VkAyanVI2pBcZaEyHteFsEBMA" title="Celsius">° C</a> , kemungkinan besar karena jumlah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas&usg=ALkJrhjnadOXPjBcICT_MeRcdvliUa6cJQ" title="Gas rumah kaca">gas rumah kaca</a> di atmosfer. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-34"><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><span>[35]</span></sup></a> Tidak ada bukti definitif aktivitas geologi saat ini telah terdeteksi di Venus, namun tidak memiliki medan magnet yang akan mencegah penipisan atmosfer, yang menunjukkan bahwa atmosfer secara teratur diisi oleh letusan gunung berapi. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-35"><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><span>[36]</span></sup></a></span> </dd></dl><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Earth">Earth</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Earth">Bumi</span></span> </h4><dl><dd><span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth&usg=ALkJrhggzYeo6bjQZosj_0fmRgaV7Y8p1Q">Earth</a> (1 AU from the Sun) is the largest and densest of the inner planets, the only one known to have current geological activity, and is the only place in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe&usg=ALkJrhgyTC29PQpxXAGx7M7sL_UB5fzBWg">universe</a> where <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life&usg=ALkJrhhDf_SatUBgZB4e9W0McasCavzLcQ">life</a> is known to exist. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-life-36"><sup id="cite_ref-life_36-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 37 <span>]</span></sup></a> Its liquid <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere&usg=ALkJrhgNZJGs9axlgn5ui2pwrk3Gn5Kn-A">hydrosphere</a> is unique among the terrestrial planets, and it is also the only planet where <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics&usg=ALkJrhjx5wU__x9_EfITo9jqGgQJde9ttg">plate tectonics</a> has been observed.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth&usg=ALkJrhggzYeo6bjQZosj_0fmRgaV7Y8p1Q">Bumi</a> (1 AU dari Matahari) adalah dan terpadat terbesar planet-planet dalam, satu-satunya yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas geologi saat ini, dan merupakan satu-satunya tempat di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe&usg=ALkJrhgyTC29PQpxXAGx7M7sL_UB5fzBWg">alam semesta</a> di mana <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life&usg=ALkJrhhDf_SatUBgZB4e9W0McasCavzLcQ">kehidupan</a> diketahui ada. <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-life-36"><sup id="cite_ref-life_36-0" class="reference">[37]</sup></a></span> cair Its <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere&usg=ALkJrhgNZJGs9axlgn5ui2pwrk3Gn5Kn-A">hidrosfer</a> adalah unik di antara planet-planet terestrial, dan juga satu-satunya planet di mana <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics&usg=ALkJrhjx5wU__x9_EfITo9jqGgQJde9ttg">lempeng tektonik</a> telah diamati.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Earth's atmosphere is radically different from those of the other planets, having been altered by the presence of life to contain 21% free <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen&usg=ALkJrhgQyKXkDmZNaZN9KJxFsvEvztK80w">oxygen</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-37"><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><span>[</span> 38 <span>]</span></sup></a> It has one natural satellite, the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon&usg=ALkJrhifs8kjV1FpgiygcMwOue_Q3pnsiA">Moon</a> , the only large satellite of a terrestrial planet in the Solar System.</span> Atmosfer Bumi secara radikal berbeda dari orang-orang dari planet lain, yang telah diubah oleh kehadiran kehidupan mengandung 21% bebas <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen&usg=ALkJrhgQyKXkDmZNaZN9KJxFsvEvztK80w">oksigen</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-37"><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><span>[38]</span></sup></a> ini memiliki satu satelit alam, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon&usg=ALkJrhifs8kjV1FpgiygcMwOue_Q3pnsiA">bulan</a> , besar satelit hanya sebuah planet terestrial di Solar Sistem.</span> </dd></dl><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Mars">Mars</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Mars">Mars</span></span> </h4><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars&usg=ALkJrhgdKZdhMDvevlnzyRIYb4wjNCId9A">Mars</a> (1.5 AU from the Sun) is smaller than Earth and Venus (0.107 Earth masses).</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars&usg=ALkJrhgdKZdhMDvevlnzyRIYb4wjNCId9A">Mars</a> (1,5 AU dari Matahari) lebih kecil dari Bumi dan Venus (0,107 massa Bumi).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It possesses an atmosphere of mostly <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide&usg=ALkJrhhhIBrsOIgytYktvZl5s7sq8ocGPw">carbon dioxide</a> with a surface pressure of 6.1 millibars (roughly 0.6 percent that of the Earth's). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-38"><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><span>[</span> 39 <span>]</span></sup></a> Its surface, peppered with vast volcanoes such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympus_Mons&usg=ALkJrhgmiocDLrZ1weV32p293CjjQKJ7TA">Olympus Mons</a> and rift valleys such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valles_Marineris&usg=ALkJrhj0kaRGheHSWAoO6h5Efxz_uBnj6w">Valles Marineris</a> , shows geological activity that may have persisted until as recently as 2 million years ago. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-39"><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><span>[</span> 40 <span>]</span></sup></a> Its red colour comes from <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%28III%29_oxide&usg=ALkJrhh-Kyg-C3otMDemtIgsH_yqaTsYGQ" title="Besi (III) oksida">iron oxide</a> (rust) in its soil. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-40"><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><span>[</span> 41 <span>]</span></sup></a> Mars has two tiny natural satellites ( <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deimos_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhjBe9tDpj0gZluH7T5Mw-NF3EvgxQ" title="Deimos (bulan)">Deimos</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobos_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhgHo9KB24LGuOuYAe6qXHsaNZoaSQ" title="Phobos (bulan)">Phobos</a> ) thought to be captured <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid&usg=ALkJrhgyujjVikBGTm5UsBDbvSSB9wFtAQ" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-41"><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><span>[</span> 42 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Hal ini memiliki suasana yang sebagian besar <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide&usg=ALkJrhhhIBrsOIgytYktvZl5s7sq8ocGPw">karbon dioksida</a> dengan tekanan permukaan 6,1 milibar (sekitar 0,6 persen yang dari bumi). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-38"><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><span>[39]</span></sup></a> permukaan Its, dibumbui dengan gunung api yang luas seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympus_Mons&usg=ALkJrhgmiocDLrZ1weV32p293CjjQKJ7TA">Olympus Mons</a> dan lembah rift seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valles_Marineris&usg=ALkJrhj0kaRGheHSWAoO6h5Efxz_uBnj6w">Valles Marineris</a> , menunjukkan aktivitas geologi yang mungkin telah bertahan sampai baru-baru ini 2 juta tahun yang lalu. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-39"><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><span>[40]</span></sup></a> warna merah Its berasal dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%28III%29_oxide&usg=ALkJrhh-Kyg-C3otMDemtIgsH_yqaTsYGQ" title="Besi (III) oksida">oksida besi</a> (karat) di tanahnya. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-40"><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><span>[41]</span></sup></a> Mars memiliki dua satelit alam kecil ( <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deimos_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhjBe9tDpj0gZluH7T5Mw-NF3EvgxQ" title="Deimos (bulan)">Deimos</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobos_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhgHo9KB24LGuOuYAe6qXHsaNZoaSQ" title="Phobos (bulan)">Phobos</a> ) dianggap ditangkap <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid&usg=ALkJrhgyujjVikBGTm5UsBDbvSSB9wFtAQ" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-41"><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><span>[42]</span></sup></a></span> </dd></dl><h3> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Asteroid_belt">Asteroid belt</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Asteroid_belt">Sabuk asteroid</span></span> </h3><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt&usg=ALkJrhitKZdAQVkOu47S7f3xX_7O7bzhtA">Asteroid belt</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt&usg=ALkJrhitKZdAQVkOu47S7f3xX_7O7bzhtA">Sabuk asteroid</a></span> </div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:InnerSolarSystem-en.png&usg=ALkJrhhKgmzg87BwA4QptC_eBqSM690MKg" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/InnerSolarSystem-en.png/300px-InnerSolarSystem-en.png" class="thumbimage" height="300" width="300" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:InnerSolarSystem-en.png&usg=ALkJrhhKgmzg87BwA4QptC_eBqSM690MKg" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Image of the main <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt&usg=ALkJrhitKZdAQVkOu47S7f3xX_7O7bzhtA">asteroid belt</a> and the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_asteroids&usg=ALkJrhjSiVclhrM9-HaGL_5QGnChFeInbw" class="mw-redirect" title="Trojan asteroid">Trojan asteroids</a></span> Gambar utama <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt&usg=ALkJrhitKZdAQVkOu47S7f3xX_7O7bzhtA">sabuk asteroid</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_asteroids&usg=ALkJrhjSiVclhrM9-HaGL_5QGnChFeInbw" class="mw-redirect" title="Trojan asteroid">asteroid Trojan</a></span> </div></div></div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid&usg=ALkJrhgyujjVikBGTm5UsBDbvSSB9wFtAQ" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a> are mostly small Solar System bodies <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> composed mainly of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_%28astronomy%29&usg=ALkJrhgASA-6m-qRqT4WIYHkhimDU2mieg" title="Refraktori (astronomi)" class="mw-redirect">refractory</a> rocky and metallic <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral&usg=ALkJrhiiBN7QoRwz7ACwcjr_vcED8VDREQ" title="Mineral">minerals</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-42"><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><span>[</span> 43 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid&usg=ALkJrhgyujjVikBGTm5UsBDbvSSB9wFtAQ" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a> kebanyakan kecil tata surya tubuh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> terutama terdiri dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_%28astronomy%29&usg=ALkJrhgASA-6m-qRqT4WIYHkhimDU2mieg" title="Refraktori (astronomi)" class="mw-redirect">refraktori</a> berbatu dan logam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral&usg=ALkJrhiiBN7QoRwz7ACwcjr_vcED8VDREQ" title="Mineral">mineral</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-42"><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><span>[43]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The main asteroid belt occupies the orbit between Mars and Jupiter, between 2.3 and 3.3 AU from the Sun.</span> Sabuk asteroid utama menempati orbit antara Mars dan Jupiter, antara 2,3 dan 3,3 AU dari Matahari.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is thought to be remnants from the Solar System's formation that failed to coalesce because of the gravitational interference of Jupiter. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-43"><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><span>[</span> 44 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Hal ini dianggap sisa-sisa dari Solar System formasi yang gagal untuk menyatu karena gangguan gravitasi Jupiter. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-43"><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><span>[44]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Asteroids range in size from hundreds of kilometres across to microscopic.</span> Asteroid berbagai ukuran dari ratusan kilometer menyeberang ke mikroskopis.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">All asteroids save the largest, Ceres, are classified as small Solar System bodies, but some asteroids such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Vesta&usg=ALkJrhh4K7UTXuoVF1cPIddHJ2AaorKu7A" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_Hygiea&usg=ALkJrhh5U0rnyi2WflAkfvo_lRCa0_SsuQ" title="10 Hygiea">Hygieia</a> may be reclassed as dwarf planets if they are shown to have achieved <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium&usg=ALkJrhikFOJ-1wOC7lGwO_GnM-PnU_xAgQ">hydrostatic equilibrium</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-44"><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><span>[</span> 45 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Semua menyimpan asteroid terbesar, Ceres, diklasifikasikan sebagai kecil tubuh Tata Surya, tetapi beberapa asteroid seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Vesta&usg=ALkJrhh4K7UTXuoVF1cPIddHJ2AaorKu7A" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_Hygiea&usg=ALkJrhh5U0rnyi2WflAkfvo_lRCa0_SsuQ" title="10 Hygiea">Hygieia</a> mungkin akan dipindahkan sebagai planet kerdil jika mereka terbukti telah mencapai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium&usg=ALkJrhikFOJ-1wOC7lGwO_GnM-PnU_xAgQ">keseimbangan hidrostatik</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-44"><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><span>[45]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The asteroid belt contains tens of thousands, possibly millions, of objects over one kilometre in diameter. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-45"><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><span>[</span> 46 <span>]</span></sup></a> Despite this, the total mass of the main belt is unlikely to be more than a thousandth of that of the Earth. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Krasinsky2002-46"><sup id="cite_ref-Krasinsky2002_46-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 47 <span>]</span></sup></a> The main belt is very sparsely populated; <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_probe&usg=ALkJrhhS2yOpF-Fa9gd18yS2wFjsqPIlmQ" title="Roket jarak">spacecraft</a> routinely pass through without incident.</span> Sabuk asteroid berisi puluhan ribu, mungkin jutaan, objek lebih dari satu kilometer dengan diameter. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-45"><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><span>[46]</span></sup></a> Meskipun demikian, massa total sabuk utama adalah tidak mungkin lebih dari seperseribu dari Bumi. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Krasinsky2002-46"><sup id="cite_ref-Krasinsky2002_46-0" class="reference"><span>[47]</span></sup></a> The sabuk utama sangat jarang penduduknya; <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_probe&usg=ALkJrhhS2yOpF-Fa9gd18yS2wFjsqPIlmQ" title="Roket jarak">pesawat</a> secara rutin melewati tanpa insiden.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Asteroids with diameters between 10 and 10 <sup>−4</sup> m are called <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid&usg=ALkJrhgeYYchyfGR3H-yrs5khdMZpuMABA" title="Meteoroid">meteoroids</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-47"><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><span>[</span> 48 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Asteroid dengan diameter antara 10 dan 10 <sup>-4</sup> m disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid&usg=ALkJrhgeYYchyfGR3H-yrs5khdMZpuMABA" title="Meteoroid">meteoroid</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-47"><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><span>[48]</span></sup></a></span> </p><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Ceres">Ceres</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Ceres">Ceres</span></span> </h4><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhizfQsdtwNDfoCVvZ7ANUUi-43FDg" title="Ceres (planet kerdil)">Ceres</a> (2.77 AU) is the largest body in the asteroid belt and is classified as a dwarf planet. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> It has a diameter of slightly under 1000 km, and a mass large enough for its own gravity to pull it into a spherical shape.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhizfQsdtwNDfoCVvZ7ANUUi-43FDg" title="Ceres (planet kerdil)">Ceres</a> (2,77 AU) adalah badan terbesar di sabuk asteroid dan diklasifikasikan sebagai planet kerdil. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> ini memiliki diameter sedikit di bawah 1000 km, dan massa yang cukup besar untuk gravitasi sendiri untuk menariknya ke dalam bentuk bola .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Ceres was considered a planet when it was discovered in the 19th century, but was reclassified as an asteroid in the 1850s as further observation revealed additional asteroids. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-48"><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><span>[</span> 49 <span>]</span></sup></a> It was again reclassified in 2006 as a dwarf planet.</span> Ceres dianggap planet ketika ditemukan pada abad ke-19, tetapi ini telah dipindahkan ke sebuah asteroid pada tahun 1850 sebagai pengamatan lebih lanjut mengungkapkan asteroid tambahan. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-48"><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><span>[49]</span></sup></a> Ini kembali direklasifikasi pada tahun 2006 sebagai planet kerdil.</span> </dd></dl><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Asteroid_groups">Asteroid groups</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Asteroid_groups">Asteroid kelompok</span></span> </h4><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Asteroids in the main belt are divided into <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_group&usg=ALkJrhhXnNhC8RCWEKQnsbpejUeqOSF3MQ" title="Asteroid kelompok" class="mw-redirect">asteroid groups</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Asteroid_groups_and_families&usg=ALkJrhgRXXlJhz_TRlXimV6MXhQ0FB94qg" title="Kategori: Asteroid kelompok dan keluarga">families</a> based on their orbital characteristics. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_moon&usg=ALkJrhgEbTVlpcpIUwX3cO0rJFZY9uu-jA" title="Asteroid bulan" class="mw-redirect">Asteroid moons</a> are asteroids that orbit larger asteroids.</span> Asteroid di sabuk utama dibagi menjadi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_group&usg=ALkJrhhXnNhC8RCWEKQnsbpejUeqOSF3MQ" title="Asteroid kelompok" class="mw-redirect">kelompok asteroid</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Asteroid_groups_and_families&usg=ALkJrhgRXXlJhz_TRlXimV6MXhQ0FB94qg" title="Kategori: Asteroid kelompok dan keluarga">keluarga</a> berdasarkan karakteristik orbit mereka. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_moon&usg=ALkJrhgEbTVlpcpIUwX3cO0rJFZY9uu-jA" title="Asteroid bulan" class="mw-redirect">Satelit asteroid</a> adalah asteroid yang lebih besar asteroid orbit.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">They are not as clearly distinguished as planetary moons, sometimes being almost as large as their partners.</span> Mereka tidak dengan jelas dibedakan sebagai bulan planet, kadang hampir sama besar dengan pasangan mereka.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The asteroid belt also contains <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main-belt_comet&usg=ALkJrhgmWhCaO0VqQ2FlZkn2zyxU9ebkwA" title="Main-sabuk komet">main-belt comets</a> , which may have been the source of Earth's water. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-49"><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><span>[</span> 50 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Sabuk asteroid juga mengandung <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main-belt_comet&usg=ALkJrhgmWhCaO0VqQ2FlZkn2zyxU9ebkwA" title="Main-sabuk komet">-sabuk komet utama</a> , yang mungkin telah menjadi sumber air yang Bumi. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-49"><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><span>[50]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_asteroid&usg=ALkJrhgjdcz0_habpgr84NKEd1RB1lD26A" title="Trojan asteroid" class="mw-redirect">Trojan asteroids</a> are located in either of Jupiter's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L5_point&usg=ALkJrhhAMdhRomET_bxG5sbRKg2PwoTECg" title="L5 titik" class="mw-redirect">L <sub>4</sub> or L <sub>5</sub> points</a> (gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing a planet in its orbit); the term "Trojan" is also used for small bodies in any other planetary or satellite Lagrange point. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilda_family&usg=ALkJrhgmkqaxot5VFqI7YEO-k1r_LD36tg" title="Hilda keluarga">Hilda asteroids</a> are in a 2:3 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_resonance&usg=ALkJrhj1kFOi9bnYEMsj1Gdg0lXAF0Qeng" title="Orbital resonansi">resonance</a> with Jupiter; that is, they go around the Sun three times for every two Jupiter orbits. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Barucci-50"><sup id="cite_ref-Barucci_50-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 51 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_asteroid&usg=ALkJrhgjdcz0_habpgr84NKEd1RB1lD26A" title="Trojan asteroid" class="mw-redirect">Trojan asteroid</a> terletak di salah satu dari Jupiter <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L5_point&usg=ALkJrhhAMdhRomET_bxG5sbRKg2PwoTECg" title="L5 titik" class="mw-redirect">L <sub>4</sub> atau L <sub>5</sub> poin</a> (stabil wilayah gravitasi terkemuka dan trailing planet dalam orbitnya); istilah "Trojan" juga digunakan untuk tubuh kecil dalam planet lain atau titik Lagrange satelit. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilda_family&usg=ALkJrhgmkqaxot5VFqI7YEO-k1r_LD36tg" title="Hilda keluarga">asteroid Hilda</a> berada dalam 2:03 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_resonance&usg=ALkJrhj1kFOi9bnYEMsj1Gdg0lXAF0Qeng" title="Orbital resonansi">resonansi</a> dengan Jupiter, yaitu, mereka pergi mengelilingi Matahari tiga kali untuk setiap dua orbit Jupiter. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Barucci-50"><sup id="cite_ref-Barucci_50-0" class="reference"><span>[51]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The inner Solar System is also dusted with <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-Earth_asteroid&usg=ALkJrhgzYICdOEMo5tCyD6IRxDTBr1UDAQ" title="Near-Earth asteroid" class="mw-redirect">rogue asteroids</a> , many of which cross the orbits of the inner planets. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-MorbidelliAstIII-51"><sup id="cite_ref-MorbidelliAstIII_51-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 52 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> The Solar System batin juga ditaburi dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-Earth_asteroid&usg=ALkJrhgzYICdOEMo5tCyD6IRxDTBr1UDAQ" title="Near-Earth asteroid" class="mw-redirect">asteroid nakal</a> , banyak yang melintasi orbit planet-planet bagian dalam. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-MorbidelliAstIII-51"><sup id="cite_ref-MorbidelliAstIII_51-0" class="reference"><span>[52]</span></sup></a></span> </p><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Outer_Solar_System">Outer Solar System</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Outer_Solar_System">Luar Tata Surya</span></span> </h2><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The outer region of the Solar System is home to the gas giants and their large moons.</span> Wilayah luar Tata Surya adalah rumah bagi para raksasa gas dan bulan besar mereka.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Many short period comets, including the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaur_%28planetoid%29&usg=ALkJrhj4CNgHnFBAZGtoFkP1pRUJZUioDQ" title="Centaur (planetoid)" class="mw-redirect">centaurs</a> , also orbit in this region.</span> Banyak komet periode pendek, termasuk <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaur_%28planetoid%29&usg=ALkJrhj4CNgHnFBAZGtoFkP1pRUJZUioDQ" title="Centaur (planetoid)" class="mw-redirect">centaur</a> , juga orbit di daerah ini.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Due to their greater distance from the Sun, the solid objects in the outer Solar System contain a higher proportion of volatiles such as water, ammonia and methane, than the rocky denizens of the inner Solar System, as the colder temperatures allow these compounds to remain solid.</span> Karena jarak mereka yang lebih besar dari Matahari, obyek padat di luar Tata Surya mengandung proporsi yang lebih tinggi volatil seperti air, amonia dan metana, dari penghuni berbatu Tata Surya bagian dalam karena suhu dingin memungkinkan senyawa ini untuk tetap padat.</span> </p><h3> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Outer_planets">Outer planets</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Outer_planets">Luar planet</span></span> </h3><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giant&usg=ALkJrhg9dVwyKZ1yrEqdjRgCLgR_OSrF6g">Gas giant</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giant&usg=ALkJrhg9dVwyKZ1yrEqdjRgCLgR_OSrF6g">Gas raksasa</a></span> </div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_giants_in_the_solar_system.jpg&usg=ALkJrhiRyeIWepwIl3CQKk0RBOTewcNlow" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gas_giants_in_the_solar_system.jpg/220px-Gas_giants_in_the_solar_system.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="283" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gas_giants_in_the_solar_system.jpg&usg=ALkJrhiRyeIWepwIl3CQKk0RBOTewcNlow" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">From top to bottom: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune&usg=ALkJrhg-uBdlly1abErWD9xh_JyD0p6Hxw">Neptune</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus&usg=ALkJrhio_g9Q_BiDA8OiPJbcaS8I9leLTw">Uranus</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn&usg=ALkJrhj9kS_1MUCDlMD6Cun7A12Rk4vCbg">Saturn</a> , and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter&usg=ALkJrhhMYLTChM8uKDFzbPmAxzGDlcxbXQ">Jupiter</a> (not to scale)</span> Dari atas ke bawah: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune&usg=ALkJrhg-uBdlly1abErWD9xh_JyD0p6Hxw">Neptunus</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus&usg=ALkJrhio_g9Q_BiDA8OiPJbcaS8I9leLTw">Uranus</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn&usg=ALkJrhj9kS_1MUCDlMD6Cun7A12Rk4vCbg">Saturnus</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter&usg=ALkJrhhMYLTChM8uKDFzbPmAxzGDlcxbXQ">Jupiter</a> (tidak skala)</span> </div></div></div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The four outer planets, or gas giants (sometimes called Jovian planets), collectively make up 99 percent of the mass known to orbit the Sun. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Cnone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Cnone">[c]</sup></a> Jupiter and Saturn are each many tens of times the mass of the Earth and consist overwhelmingly of hydrogen and helium; Uranus and Neptune are far less massive (&~~SPECIAL_REMOVE!#~~lt;20 Earth masses) and possess more ices in their makeup.</span> Empat planet luar, atau raksasa gas (kadang-kadang disebut planet Jovian), bersama membentuk 99 persen dari massa diketahui mengorbit Matahari. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Cnone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Cnone">[c]</sup></a> Jupiter dan Saturnus masing-masing puluhan kali massa Bumi dan sangat terdiri dari hidrogen dan helium, Uranus dan Neptunus jauh lebih besar (&~~SPECIAL_REMOVE!#~~lt;20 massa Bumi) dan memiliki lebih banyak es di makeup mereka.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">For these reasons, some astronomers suggest they belong in their own category, “ice giants.” <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-52"><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><span>[</span> 53 <span>]</span></sup></a> All four gas giants have <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_ring&usg=ALkJrhjAaUJY-N7MyS06zzyyUYcZKiNpew" title="Planetary cincin">rings</a> , although only Saturn's ring system is easily observed from Earth.</span> Untuk alasan ini, beberapa astronom menyarankan mereka termasuk dalam kategori mereka sendiri, "raksasa es." <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-52"><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><span>[53]</span></sup></a> Semua empat raksasa gas memiliki <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_ring&usg=ALkJrhjAaUJY-N7MyS06zzyyUYcZKiNpew" title="Planetary cincin">cincin</a> , walaupun hanya cincin Saturnus sistem mudah diamati dari Bumi.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The term <i>outer planet</i> should not be confused with <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_planet&usg=ALkJrhgl1fIQ-l12OUvbmbhJMLBqtazDvA" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior planet"><i>superior planet</i></a> , which designates planets outside Earth's orbit and thus includes both the outer planets and Mars.</span> <i>Planet luar</i> istilah tidak harus bingung dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_planet&usg=ALkJrhgl1fIQ-l12OUvbmbhJMLBqtazDvA" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior planet"><i>planet superior</i></a> , yang menunjuk planet di luar orbit Bumi dan dengan demikian mencakup baik planet luar dan Mars.</span> </p><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Jupiter">Jupiter</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Jupiter">Jupiter</span></span> </h4><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter&usg=ALkJrhhMYLTChM8uKDFzbPmAxzGDlcxbXQ">Jupiter</a> (5.2 AU), at 318 Earth masses, is 2.5 times the mass of all the other planets put together.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter&usg=ALkJrhhMYLTChM8uKDFzbPmAxzGDlcxbXQ">Jupiter</a> (5,2 AU), di 318 massa Bumi, adalah 2,5 kali massa semua planet lain disatukan.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is composed largely of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen&usg=ALkJrhhltjITkJKzGpkKgybFi9lRCUYKOw">hydrogen</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium&usg=ALkJrhjCxVhEpLiRs4tr8m7kQh-8OvLAxA">helium</a> .</span> Hal ini sebagian besar terdiri dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen&usg=ALkJrhhltjITkJKzGpkKgybFi9lRCUYKOw">hidrogen</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium&usg=ALkJrhjCxVhEpLiRs4tr8m7kQh-8OvLAxA">helium</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Jupiter's strong internal heat creates a number of semi-permanent features in its atmosphere, such as cloud bands and the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Red_Spot&usg=ALkJrhh66SalBeFUbDVxwg4QwmvNRBxPCA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bintik Merah Raksasa">Great Red Spot</a> .</span> internal yang kuat panas's Jupiter menciptakan sejumlah fitur semi-permanen di atmosfer, seperti pita awan dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Red_Spot&usg=ALkJrhh66SalBeFUbDVxwg4QwmvNRBxPCA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bintik Merah Raksasa">Bintik Merah Raksasa</a> .</span> </dd><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Jupiter has <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter&usg=ALkJrhiDtr4h4ZG7DpoFEaODxhtFty1iUw" title="Bulan Jupiter">63 known satellites</a> .</span> Jupiter memiliki <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter&usg=ALkJrhiDtr4h4ZG7DpoFEaODxhtFty1iUw" title="Bulan Jupiter">63 satelit dikenal</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The four largest, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhg4LjD4TIVMGk5b-E4nTMgo_sowBw" title="Ganymede (bulan)">Ganymede</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhiG8ZmwesgVdWHt9T9jmmmvBBZo7Q" title="Callisto (bulan)">Callisto</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhg__2jJIqkhQEpFr2iEz9LtpjU9iA" title="Io (bulan)">Io</a> , and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhglNkstcYoKbarQYdElihKamiqrZg" title="Europa (bulan)">Europa</a> , show similarities to the terrestrial planets, such as volcanism and internal heating. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-53"><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><span>[</span> 54 <span>]</span></sup></a> Ganymede, the largest satellite in the Solar System, is larger than Mercury.</span> Empat terbesar, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhg4LjD4TIVMGk5b-E4nTMgo_sowBw" title="Ganymede (bulan)">Ganymede</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhiG8ZmwesgVdWHt9T9jmmmvBBZo7Q" title="Callisto (bulan)">Callisto</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhg__2jJIqkhQEpFr2iEz9LtpjU9iA" title="Io (bulan)">Io</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhglNkstcYoKbarQYdElihKamiqrZg" title="Europa (bulan)">Europa</a> kesamaan menunjukkan, ke planet terestrial, seperti vulkanisme dan pemanasan internal. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-53"><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><span>[54]</span></sup></a> Ganymede, satelit terbesar di tata surya, lebih besar dari Merkurius.</span> </dd></dl><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Saturn">Saturn</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Saturn">Saturnus</span></span> </h4><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn&usg=ALkJrhj9kS_1MUCDlMD6Cun7A12Rk4vCbg">Saturn</a> (9.5 AU), distinguished by its extensive <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn&usg=ALkJrhjM3yIMgqXlW6UljOmQ15EaewIsKg" title="Cincin Saturnus">ring system</a> , has several similarities to Jupiter, such as its atmospheric composition and magnetosphere.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn&usg=ALkJrhj9kS_1MUCDlMD6Cun7A12Rk4vCbg">Saturnus</a> (9,5 AU), dibedakan dengan ekstensif <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn&usg=ALkJrhjM3yIMgqXlW6UljOmQ15EaewIsKg" title="Cincin Saturnus">sistem cincin</a> , memiliki beberapa kesamaan Jupiter, seperti komposisi atmosfer dan magnetosfer.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Although Saturn has 60% of Jupiter's volume, it is less than a third as massive, at 95 Earth masses, making it the least dense planet in the Solar System.</span> Meskipun Saturnus memiliki 60% dari volume Jupiter, itu kurang dari sepertiga yang besar, pada 95 massa Bumi, sehingga planet paling padat di tata surya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The rings of Saturn are made up of small ice and rock particles.</span> Cincin Saturnus terbuat dari es kecil dan partikel batuan.</span> </dd><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Saturn has <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn&usg=ALkJrhimjE4ouFzEEJdsdCU7BPUsGefWlQ" title="Bulan Saturnus">62 confirmed satellites</a> ; two of which, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhhiC9JLcu6XrE9W2E0RPiFyn-bq5g" title="Titan (bulan)">Titan</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhi2oSo7lZCDXMTn6epqRxALMUV-UQ" title="Enceladus (bulan)">Enceladus</a> , show signs of geological activity, though they are largely <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryovolcano&usg=ALkJrhhedUlZLbtE3StmMuHQNLA1mPz2zw" title="Cryovolcano">made of ice</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-54"><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><span>[</span> 55 <span>]</span></sup></a> Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System, is larger than Mercury and the only satellite in the Solar System with a substantial atmosphere.</span> Saturnus memiliki <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn&usg=ALkJrhimjE4ouFzEEJdsdCU7BPUsGefWlQ" title="Bulan Saturnus">62 satelit dikonfirmasi</a> , dua di antaranya, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhhiC9JLcu6XrE9W2E0RPiFyn-bq5g" title="Titan (bulan)">Titan</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhi2oSo7lZCDXMTn6epqRxALMUV-UQ" title="Enceladus (bulan)">Enceladus</a> , menunjukkan tanda-tanda aktivitas geologi, meskipun mereka sebagian besar <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryovolcano&usg=ALkJrhhedUlZLbtE3StmMuHQNLA1mPz2zw" title="Cryovolcano">terbuat dari es</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-54"><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><span>[55]</span></sup></a> Titan, bulan terbesar kedua di Tata Surya, lebih besar daripada Merkurius dan satu-satunya satelit dalam Tata Surya dengan suasana yang cukup besar.</span> </dd></dl><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Uranus">Uranus</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Uranus">Uranus</span></span> </h4><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus&usg=ALkJrhio_g9Q_BiDA8OiPJbcaS8I9leLTw">Uranus</a> (19.6 AU), at 14 Earth masses, is the lightest of the outer planets.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus&usg=ALkJrhio_g9Q_BiDA8OiPJbcaS8I9leLTw">Uranus</a> (19,6 AU), pada 14 massa Bumi, adalah yang paling ringan dari planet luar.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Uniquely among the planets, it orbits the Sun on its side; its <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_tilt&usg=ALkJrhjTnIkQg9d1ohjTJiftzPUfXZ4rzg">axial tilt</a> is over ninety degrees to the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic&usg=ALkJrhiaQVFMoZTdH72eipVFYILJXPZOHA">ecliptic</a> .</span> Uniknya antara planet-planet, mengorbit Matahari pada sisinya; nya <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_tilt&usg=ALkJrhjTnIkQg9d1ohjTJiftzPUfXZ4rzg">kemiringan sumbu</a> adalah lebih dari sembilan puluh derajat ke <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic&usg=ALkJrhiaQVFMoZTdH72eipVFYILJXPZOHA">ekliptika</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It has a much colder core than the other gas giants, and radiates very little heat into space. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-55"><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><span>[</span> 56 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Ini memiliki inti jauh lebih dingin daripada raksasa gas lainnya, dan memancarkan sedikit panas yang sangat ke ruang angkasa. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-55"><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><span>[56]</span></sup></a></span> </dd><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Uranus has <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus&usg=ALkJrhh-2-2-boEnGndYpm4htOow-bWaDA" title="Bulan Uranus">27 known satellites</a> , the largest ones being <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titania_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhjVSgKwYwWq8TBsBW4cFNgKfPvdnQ" title="Titania (bulan)">Titania</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberon_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhggcVq91t00MhU_97XXF7T_TfeHAQ" title="Oberon (bulan)">Oberon</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhjz2ON0WkK87Mj3hk-8bhCRvPCo3g" title="Umbriel (bulan)">Umbriel</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhjH2OLf6om3yRGax4JqXiZstZRM0A" title="Ariel (bulan)">Ariel</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhhU7dovreAwJTwrClH7Cw8-ZgdRKw" title="Miranda (bulan)">Miranda</a> .</span> Uranus memiliki <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus&usg=ALkJrhh-2-2-boEnGndYpm4htOow-bWaDA" title="Bulan Uranus">27 satelit dikenal</a> , yang terbesar adalah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titania_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhjVSgKwYwWq8TBsBW4cFNgKfPvdnQ" title="Titania (bulan)">Titania</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberon_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhggcVq91t00MhU_97XXF7T_TfeHAQ" title="Oberon (bulan)">Oberon</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhjz2ON0WkK87Mj3hk-8bhCRvPCo3g" title="Umbriel (bulan)">Umbriel</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhjH2OLf6om3yRGax4JqXiZstZRM0A" title="Ariel (bulan)">Ariel</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhhU7dovreAwJTwrClH7Cw8-ZgdRKw" title="Miranda (bulan)">Miranda</a> .</span> </dd></dl><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Neptune">Neptune</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Neptune">Neptunus</span></span> </h4><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune&usg=ALkJrhg-uBdlly1abErWD9xh_JyD0p6Hxw">Neptune</a> (30 AU), though slightly smaller than Uranus, is more massive (equivalent to 17 Earths) and therefore more <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density&usg=ALkJrhgKcxafmhzhN-SVy5lzQyaIAGSafQ" title="Kepadatan">dense</a> .</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune&usg=ALkJrhg-uBdlly1abErWD9xh_JyD0p6Hxw">Neptunus</a> (30 AU), meskipun sedikit lebih kecil dari Uranus, lebih besar (setara dengan 17 Bumi) dan karena itu lebih <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density&usg=ALkJrhgKcxafmhzhN-SVy5lzQyaIAGSafQ" title="Kepadatan">padat</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It radiates more internal heat, but not as much as Jupiter or Saturn. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-56"><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><span>[</span> 57 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Ia memancarkan lebih panas internal, tetapi tidak sebanyak Jupiter atau Saturnus. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-56"><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><span>[57]</span></sup></a></span> </dd><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Neptune has <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune&usg=ALkJrhgfY5iWKK5AVMNsWpVO9cFah7W9yA" title="Bulan Neptunus">13 known satellites</a> .</span> Neptunus memiliki <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune&usg=ALkJrhgfY5iWKK5AVMNsWpVO9cFah7W9yA" title="Bulan Neptunus">13 satelit dikenal</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The largest, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triton_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhhLUiID3pOAk_Md8Q7IE8HPEVRHVg" title="Triton (bulan)">Triton</a> , is geologically active, with <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser&usg=ALkJrhjnFNG1_QyFU8pXPvqQlQlruPEOHQ" title="Air mancur panas">geysers</a> of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen&usg=ALkJrhiaaCEvVBSO5qeEk5o-2jfaWU-HbA">liquid nitrogen</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-57"><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><span>[</span> 58 <span>]</span></sup></a> Triton is the only large satellite with a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_orbit&usg=ALkJrhjs0H1WAMtD9AymFiwpESRlC4569g" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrograde orbit">retrograde orbit</a> .</span> Yang terbesar, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triton_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhhLUiID3pOAk_Md8Q7IE8HPEVRHVg" title="Triton (bulan)">Triton</a> , adalah geologis aktif, dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser&usg=ALkJrhjnFNG1_QyFU8pXPvqQlQlruPEOHQ" title="Air mancur panas">geyser</a> dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen&usg=ALkJrhiaaCEvVBSO5qeEk5o-2jfaWU-HbA">nitrogen cair</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-57"><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><span>[58]</span></sup></a> Triton adalah satelit besar hanya dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_orbit&usg=ALkJrhjs0H1WAMtD9AymFiwpESRlC4569g" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrograde orbit">orbit retrograde</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Neptune is accompanied in its orbit by a number of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet&usg=ALkJrhiacZwAUjq_O-Nmy4G9esJc7RTehQ" title="Minor planet">minor planets</a> , termed <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune_Trojan&usg=ALkJrhhASQ-icQHlnqmBgqYk6ERV-GxX5A" title="Neptunus Trojan" class="mw-redirect">Neptune Trojans</a> , that are in 1:1 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_resonance&usg=ALkJrhj1kFOi9bnYEMsj1Gdg0lXAF0Qeng" title="Orbital resonansi">resonance</a> with it.</span> Neptunus disertai dalam orbitnya oleh sejumlah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet&usg=ALkJrhiacZwAUjq_O-Nmy4G9esJc7RTehQ" title="Minor planet">planet minor</a> , disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune_Trojan&usg=ALkJrhhASQ-icQHlnqmBgqYk6ERV-GxX5A" title="Neptunus Trojan" class="mw-redirect">Neptunus Trojan</a> , yang dalam 1:1 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_resonance&usg=ALkJrhj1kFOi9bnYEMsj1Gdg0lXAF0Qeng" title="Orbital resonansi">resonansi</a> dengan itu.</span> </dd></dl><h3> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Comets">Comets</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Comets">Komet</span></span> </h3><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet&usg=ALkJrhjNcwNFcRE3ofg9fxp-7B2giP7gCg">Comet</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet&usg=ALkJrhjNcwNFcRE3ofg9fxp-7B2giP7gCg">Comet</a></span> </div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 172px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Comet_c1995o1.jpg&usg=ALkJrhhN0yx5WDhyEgsRq-UpgxcbT9trRA" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Comet_c1995o1.jpg/170px-Comet_c1995o1.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="242" width="170" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Comet_c1995o1.jpg&usg=ALkJrhhN0yx5WDhyEgsRq-UpgxcbT9trRA" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Comet <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale-Bopp&usg=ALkJrhg6c-jioai_6PiOxqa_sg7XYbA06g" class="mw-redirect" title="Hale-Bopp">Hale-Bopp</a></span> Komet <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale-Bopp&usg=ALkJrhg6c-jioai_6PiOxqa_sg7XYbA06g" class="mw-redirect" title="Hale-Bopp">Hale-Bopp</a></span> </div></div></div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Comets are small Solar System bodies, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> typically only a few kilometres across, composed largely of volatile ices.</span> Komet Tata Surya kecil tubuh, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Enone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Enone">[e]</sup></a> biasanya hanya beberapa kilometer di seberang, sebagian besar terdiri dari es volatile.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">They have highly eccentric orbits, generally a perihelion within the orbits of the inner planets and an aphelion far beyond Pluto.</span> Mereka memiliki orbit yang sangat eksentrik, umumnya perihelion dalam orbit planet-planet dalam dan aphelion jauh di luar Pluto.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">When a comet enters the inner Solar System, its proximity to the Sun causes its icy surface to <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation_%28chemistry%29&usg=ALkJrhiTc_iPXVHOnVF26vKMkTZmLpMdZQ" title="Sublimasi (kimia)" class="mw-redirect">sublimate</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion&usg=ALkJrhgrP4zVAHv9ZBSBP4D7hx7wPc1MdA" title="Ion">ionise</a> , creating a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_%28cometary%29&usg=ALkJrhico8rrJ8eL3vhggRTBMNs2OWfPlQ" title="Koma (cometary)">coma</a> : a long tail of gas and dust often visible to the naked eye.</span> Ketika komet memasuki Sistem batin Surya, kedekatannya dengan Matahari menyebabkan permukaan es untuk <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation_%28chemistry%29&usg=ALkJrhiTc_iPXVHOnVF26vKMkTZmLpMdZQ" title="Sublimasi (kimia)" class="mw-redirect">menghaluskan</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion&usg=ALkJrhgrP4zVAHv9ZBSBP4D7hx7wPc1MdA" title="Ion">mengionisasi</a> , menciptakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_%28cometary%29&usg=ALkJrhico8rrJ8eL3vhggRTBMNs2OWfPlQ" title="Koma (cometary)">koma</a> : ekor panjang gas dan debu sering terlihat dengan mata telanjang.</span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Short-period comets have orbits lasting less than two hundred years.</span> Jangka pendek komet memiliki orbit yang berlangsung kurang dari dua ratus tahun.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Long-period comets have orbits lasting thousands of years.</span> Periode panjang komet memiliki orbit yang berlangsung ribuan tahun.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Short-period comets are believed to originate in the Kuiper belt, while long-period comets, such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Hale-Bopp&usg=ALkJrhizH_YVZj46eC_W0hGVls0o1RYbIg" title="Komet Hale-Bopp" class="mw-redirect">Hale-Bopp</a> , are believed to originate in the Oort cloud.</span> Jangka pendek komet diyakini berasal di sabuk Kuiper, sedangkan periode panjang komet, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Hale-Bopp&usg=ALkJrhizH_YVZj46eC_W0hGVls0o1RYbIg" title="Komet Hale-Bopp" class="mw-redirect">Hale-Bopp</a> , diyakini berasal dari awan Oort.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Many comet groups, such as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreutz_Sungrazers&usg=ALkJrhgZIU3MXN5u0Z1IukKdw3Rfay5SPw">Kreutz Sungrazers</a> , formed from the breakup of a single parent. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-58"><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><span>[</span> 59 <span>]</span></sup></a> Some comets with <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_period_comets&usg=ALkJrhh5m0CHyem6xmJwWcJD89dZlAAOhA" title="Komet periode pendek" class="mw-redirect">hyperbolic</a> orbits may originate outside the Solar System, but determining their precise orbits is difficult. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-hyperbolic-59"><sup id="cite_ref-hyperbolic_59-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 60 <span>]</span></sup></a> Old comets that have had most of their volatiles driven out by solar warming are often categorised as asteroids. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-60"><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><span>[</span> 61 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Banyak kelompok komet, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreutz_Sungrazers&usg=ALkJrhgZIU3MXN5u0Z1IukKdw3Rfay5SPw">Sungrazers Kreutz</a> , terbentuk dari pecahnya orangtua tunggal. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-58"><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><span>[59]</span></sup></a> Beberapa komet dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_period_comets&usg=ALkJrhh5m0CHyem6xmJwWcJD89dZlAAOhA" title="Komet periode pendek" class="mw-redirect">hiperbolik</a> orbit mungkin berasal dari luar tata surya, tetapi menentukan orbit tepat mereka adalah sulit. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-hyperbolic-59"><sup id="cite_ref-hyperbolic_59-0" class="reference"><span>[60]</span></sup></a> Old komet yang telah memiliki sebagian besar volatil mereka diusir oleh pemanasan matahari sering dikategorikan sebagai asteroid. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-60"><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><span>[61]</span></sup></a></span> </p><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Centaurs">Centaurs</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Centaurs">Centaur</span></span> </h4><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaur_%28minor_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhh3d6M0fiZyfMW4PNuYgriIx3GcyQ">Centaur (minor planet)</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaur_%28minor_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhh3d6M0fiZyfMW4PNuYgriIx3GcyQ">Centaur (planet kecil)</a></span> </div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The centaurs are icy comet-like bodies with a semi-major axis greater than Jupiter (5.5 AU) and less than Neptune (30 AU).</span> Para centaur adalah badan es komet mirip dengan sumbu semi-major lebih besar dari Jupiter (5,5 AU) dan kurang dari Neptunus (30 AU).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The largest known centaur, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10199_Chariklo&usg=ALkJrhjy9C7Es6CwP_LsR_DXKSJv_l41rQ">10199 Chariklo</a> , has a diameter of about 250 km. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-spitzer-61"><sup id="cite_ref-spitzer_61-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 62 <span>]</span></sup></a> The first centaur discovered, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2060_Chiron&usg=ALkJrhiUdpS0WLCdIgel-p185oZ8tZBkeA">2060 Chiron</a> , has also been classified as comet (95P) since it develops a coma just as comets do when they approach the Sun. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-62"><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><span>[</span> 63 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Centaur terbesar yang diketahui, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10199_Chariklo&usg=ALkJrhjy9C7Es6CwP_LsR_DXKSJv_l41rQ">10199 Chariklo</a> , memiliki diameter sekitar 250 km. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-spitzer-61"><sup id="cite_ref-spitzer_61-0" class="reference"><span>[62]</span></sup></a> centaur pertama kali ditemukan, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2060_Chiron&usg=ALkJrhiUdpS0WLCdIgel-p185oZ8tZBkeA">2060 Chiron</a> , juga telah diklasifikasikan sebagai komet (95P) karena mengembangkan koma seperti komet lakukan ketika mereka mendekati Matahari . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-62"><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><span>[63]</span></sup></a></span> </p><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Trans-Neptunian_region">Trans-Neptunian region</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Trans-Neptunian_region">Trans-Neptunus wilayah</span></span> </h2><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The area beyond Neptune, or the " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object&usg=ALkJrhjBqO3zFqSQ-XUx_aaOs41KAompDQ" title="Objek trans-Neptunus">trans-Neptunian region</a> ", is still <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration&usg=ALkJrhhrhXX8aceLkGpIY-cp2HIhTnStdw" title="Timeline Solar Sistem eksplorasi">largely unexplored</a> .</span> Daerah di luar Neptunus, atau " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object&usg=ALkJrhjBqO3zFqSQ-XUx_aaOs41KAompDQ" title="Objek trans-Neptunus">wilayah trans-Neptunus</a> ", masih <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration&usg=ALkJrhhrhXX8aceLkGpIY-cp2HIhTnStdw" title="Timeline Solar Sistem eksplorasi">sebagian besar dieksplorasi</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It appears to consist overwhelmingly of small worlds (the largest having a diameter only a fifth that of the Earth and a mass far smaller than that of the Moon) composed mainly of rock and ice.</span> Tampaknya sangat terdiri dari dunia kecil (yang terbesar memiliki diameter hanya seperlima bahwa dari Bumi dan massa jauh lebih kecil daripada Bulan) terutama terdiri dari batuan dan es.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This region is sometimes known as the "outer Solar System", though others use that term to mean the region beyond the asteroid belt.</span> Wilayah ini terkadang disebut sebagai "tata surya luar", meskipun orang lain menggunakan istilah yang berarti wilayah di luar sabuk asteroid.</span> </p><h3> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Kuiper_belt">Kuiper belt</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Kuiper_belt">Sabuk Kuiper</span></span> </h3><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt&usg=ALkJrhhXChyBSsF7aL8yCdAwJfLEsY8o2A">Kuiper belt</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt&usg=ALkJrhhXChyBSsF7aL8yCdAwJfLEsY8o2A">Sabuk Kuiper</a></span> </div><div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png&usg=ALkJrhitvfAI7bgATdfGcY9W5DTMQUXviA" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png/300px-Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png" class="thumbimage" height="294" width="300" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Outersolarsystem_objectpositions_labels_comp.png&usg=ALkJrhitvfAI7bgATdfGcY9W5DTMQUXviA" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Plot of all known Kuiper belt objects, set against the four outer planets</span> Plot dari semua objek Sabuk Kuiper dikenal, yang menempel di empat planet luar</span> </div></div></div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Kuiper belt, the region's first formation, is a great ring of debris similar to the asteroid belt, but composed mainly of ice. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-physical-63"><sup id="cite_ref-physical_63-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 64 <span>]</span></sup></a> It extends between 30 and 50 AU from the Sun.</span> Sabuk Kuiper, pertama pembentukan kawasan ini, adalah sebuah cincin besar puing-puing mirip dengan sabuk asteroid, tetapi terutama terdiri dari es. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-physical-63"><sup id="cite_ref-physical_63-0" class="reference"><span>[64]</span></sup></a> Ini terbentang antara 30 dan 50 AU dari Matahari.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Though it contains at least three dwarf planets, it is composed mainly of small Solar System bodies.</span> Meskipun mengandung setidaknya tiga planet kerdil, itu adalah terutama terdiri dari kecil Sistem tubuh Surya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">However, many of the largest Kuiper belt objects, such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50000_Quaoar&usg=ALkJrhgOmB60P-kFgB3sZYCZkD4zkeuFWA" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20000_Varuna&usg=ALkJrhgIvi7J1XFc0S-k9S2mLz4ukqHG0g" title="20000 Baruna">Varuna</a> , and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90482_Orcus&usg=ALkJrhjyFbbEU63pKhvpCDCqgpMhjEVvNw" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a> , may be reclassified as dwarf planets.</span> Namun, banyak objek sabuk Kuiper terbesar, seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50000_Quaoar&usg=ALkJrhgOmB60P-kFgB3sZYCZkD4zkeuFWA" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20000_Varuna&usg=ALkJrhgIvi7J1XFc0S-k9S2mLz4ukqHG0g" title="20000 Baruna">Varuna</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90482_Orcus&usg=ALkJrhjyFbbEU63pKhvpCDCqgpMhjEVvNw" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a> , dapat direklasifikasi sebagai planet kerdil.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">There are estimated to be over 100,000 Kuiper belt objects with a diameter greater than 50 km, but the total mass of the Kuiper belt is thought to be only a tenth or even a hundredth the mass of the Earth. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets-64"><sup id="cite_ref-Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets_64-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 65 <span>]</span></sup></a> Many Kuiper belt objects have multiple satellites, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-65"><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><span>[</span> 66 <span>]</span></sup></a> and most have orbits that take them outside the plane of the ecliptic. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-trojan-66"><sup id="cite_ref-trojan_66-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 67 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Ada diperkirakan akan lebih dari 100.000 obyek Sabuk Kuiper dengan diameter yang lebih besar dari 50 km, tetapi massa total Sabuk Kuiper diperkirakan hanya sepersepuluh atau bahkan seperseratus massa Bumi. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets-64"><sup id="cite_ref-Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets_64-0" class="reference"><span>[65]</span></sup></a> Banyak objek Sabuk Kuiper memiliki beberapa satelit, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-65"><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><span>[66]</span></sup></a> dan sebagian besar memiliki orbit yang mengambil mereka di luar bidang ekliptika. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-trojan-66"><sup id="cite_ref-trojan_66-0" class="reference"><span>[67]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Kuiper belt can be roughly divided into the " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object&usg=ALkJrhipOhG5Azb7-m6EPSGAi6PB9KAgCA" title="Klasik objek Sabuk Kuiper">classical</a> " belt and the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object&usg=ALkJrhjHd_zMxa1k5R46NyfTtvt98PYJ9Q" title="Resonansi trans-Neptunus objek">resonances</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-physical_63-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-physical-63"><span>[</span> 64 <span>]</span></a></sup> Resonances are orbits linked to that of Neptune (eg twice for every three Neptune orbits, or once for every two).</span> Sabuk Kuiper dapat dibagi ke dalam " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object&usg=ALkJrhipOhG5Azb7-m6EPSGAi6PB9KAgCA" title="Klasik objek Sabuk Kuiper">klasik</a> sabuk "dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object&usg=ALkJrhjHd_zMxa1k5R46NyfTtvt98PYJ9Q" title="Resonansi trans-Neptunus objek">resonansi</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-physical_63-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-physical-63"><span>[64]</span></a></sup> resonansi yang berhubungan dengan orbit Neptunus (misalnya dua kali untuk setiap tiga orbit Neptunus, atau sekali untuk setiap dua).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The first resonance begins within the orbit of Neptune itself.</span> Resonansi pertama dimulai dalam orbit Neptunus itu sendiri.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The classical belt consists of objects having no resonance with Neptune, and extends from roughly 39.4 AU to 47.7 AU. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-67"><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><span>[</span> 68 <span>]</span></sup></a> Members of the classical Kuiper belt are classified as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object&usg=ALkJrhipOhG5Azb7-m6EPSGAi6PB9KAgCA" title="Klasik objek Sabuk Kuiper">cubewanos</a> , after the first of their kind to be discovered, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2815760%29_1992_QB1&usg=ALkJrhhtGe4xkTf2LSiRXfjE7PvO9pItjA" title="(15760) 1992 QB1"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">(15760) 1992 QB <sub>1</sub></span></a> , and are still in near primordial, low-eccentricity orbits. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-68"><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><span>[</span> 69 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Sabuk klasik terdiri dari benda-benda yang tidak mempunyai resonansi dengan Neptunus, dan memanjang dari sekitar 39,4 AU untuk 47,7 AU. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-67"><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><span>[68]</span></sup></a> Anggota Sabuk Kuiper klasik diklasifikasikan sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object&usg=ALkJrhipOhG5Azb7-m6EPSGAi6PB9KAgCA" title="Klasik objek Sabuk Kuiper">cubewanos</a> , setelah yang pertama dari jenis mereka untuk ditemukan, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2815760%29_1992_QB1&usg=ALkJrhhtGe4xkTf2LSiRXfjE7PvO9pItjA" title="(15760) 1992 QB1"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">(15.760) 1.992 QB <sub>1</sub></span></a> , dan masih di dekat primordial,-eksentrisitas orbit rendah. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-68"><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><span>[69]</span></sup></a></span> </p><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Pluto_and_Charon">Pluto and Charon</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Pluto_and_Charon">Pluto dan Charon</span></span> </h4><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"><div><map name="ImageMap_1_427822749" id="ImageMap_1_427822749"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth&usg=ALkJrhggzYeo6bjQZosj_0fmRgaV7Y8p1Q" shape="rect" coords="59,156,195,181" alt="The Earth" title="Bumi"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysnomia_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhj-mT5rYWjB5OFRENXamSY7JTTXLg" shape="circle" coords="21,37,1" alt="Dysnomia" title="Dysnomia"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhDmcZeCuTgyTk3R9YG3AeIja5JNA" shape="circle" coords="32,57,18" alt="Eris" title="Eris"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charon_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhhKPw1W2ismZpIAPThc7pLZRxpbxw" shape="circle" coords="114,62,8" alt="Charon" title="Charon"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto&usg=ALkJrhhPq_ssmze-TiOdnKDZCgFCtzcuUw" shape="circle" coords="94,57,17" alt="Pluto" title="Pluto"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makemake_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgzSE0Q61hEkErw2EkdMwtXLkFQMg" shape="circle" coords="162,56,13" alt="Makemake" title="Makemake"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haumea_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhrTnoMPJYKbTqe1EP953m1DIc5wQ" shape="circle" coords="221,56,14" alt="Haumea" title="Haumea"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90377_Sedna&usg=ALkJrhj5ty85WERqSaOagvsoZbmE6Lswyw" shape="circle" coords="31,119,12" alt="Sedna" title="Sedna"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90482_Orcus&usg=ALkJrhjyFbbEU63pKhvpCDCqgpMhjEVvNw" shape="circle" coords="99,119,10" alt="Orcus" title="Orcus"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28225088%29_2007_OR10&usg=ALkJrhh4IeKg_32cIj-9qoHuXqpz04RZZg" shape="circle" coords="162,119,10" alt="2007 OR10" title="2007 OR10"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50000_Quaoar&usg=ALkJrhgOmB60P-kFgB3sZYCZkD4zkeuFWA" shape="circle" coords="220,119,9" alt="Quaoar" title="Quaoar"><area href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EightTNOs.png&usg=ALkJrhgUuLAf6hQroafdsfVSZqV-LjdVRQ" shape="rect" coords="0,0,250,181" alt="File:EightTNOs.png" title="Berkas: EightTNOs.png"></map><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/EightTNOs.png/250px-EightTNOs.png" class="thumbimage" usemap="#ImageMap_1_427822749" height="181" width="250" /></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EightTNOs.png&usg=ALkJrhgUuLAf6hQroafdsfVSZqV-LjdVRQ" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Comparison of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhDmcZeCuTgyTk3R9YG3AeIja5JNA" title="Eris (planet katai)">Eris</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto&usg=ALkJrhhPq_ssmze-TiOdnKDZCgFCtzcuUw">Pluto</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makemake_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgzSE0Q61hEkErw2EkdMwtXLkFQMg" title="Makemake (planet katai)">Makemake</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haumea_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhrTnoMPJYKbTqe1EP953m1DIc5wQ" title="Haumea (planet katai)">Haumea</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90377_Sedna&usg=ALkJrhj5ty85WERqSaOagvsoZbmE6Lswyw" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90482_Orcus&usg=ALkJrhjyFbbEU63pKhvpCDCqgpMhjEVvNw" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28225088%29_2007_OR10&usg=ALkJrhh4IeKg_32cIj-9qoHuXqpz04RZZg" title="(225088) 2007 OR10">2007 OR <sub>10</sub></a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50000_Quaoar&usg=ALkJrhgOmB60P-kFgB3sZYCZkD4zkeuFWA" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a> , and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth&usg=ALkJrhggzYeo6bjQZosj_0fmRgaV7Y8p1Q">Earth</a> (all to scale)</span> Perbandingan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhDmcZeCuTgyTk3R9YG3AeIja5JNA" title="Eris (planet katai)">Eris</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto&usg=ALkJrhhPq_ssmze-TiOdnKDZCgFCtzcuUw">Pluto</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makemake_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgzSE0Q61hEkErw2EkdMwtXLkFQMg" title="Makemake (planet katai)">Makemake</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haumea_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhrTnoMPJYKbTqe1EP953m1DIc5wQ" title="Haumea (planet katai)">Haumea</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90377_Sedna&usg=ALkJrhj5ty85WERqSaOagvsoZbmE6Lswyw" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90482_Orcus&usg=ALkJrhjyFbbEU63pKhvpCDCqgpMhjEVvNw" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28225088%29_2007_OR10&usg=ALkJrhh4IeKg_32cIj-9qoHuXqpz04RZZg" title="(225088) 2007 OR10">2007 ATAU <sub>10</sub></a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50000_Quaoar&usg=ALkJrhgOmB60P-kFgB3sZYCZkD4zkeuFWA" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth&usg=ALkJrhggzYeo6bjQZosj_0fmRgaV7Y8p1Q">Bumi</a> (semua skala)</span> </div></div></div><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto&usg=ALkJrhhPq_ssmze-TiOdnKDZCgFCtzcuUw">Pluto</a> (39 AU average), a dwarf planet, is the largest known object in the Kuiper belt.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto&usg=ALkJrhhPq_ssmze-TiOdnKDZCgFCtzcuUw">Pluto</a> (39 rata-rata AU), sebuah planet kerdil, merupakan objek terbesar yang diketahui di sabuk Kuiper.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">When discovered in 1930, it was considered to be the ninth planet; this changed in 2006 with the adoption of a formal <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definition_of_planet&usg=ALkJrhjOmvarnk0NgvZ7xm5Pkd7TdnrHUw">definition of planet</a> .</span> Ketika ditemukan pada tahun 1930, itu dianggap sebagai planet kesembilan, hal ini berubah pada tahun 2006 dengan adopsi formal <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definition_of_planet&usg=ALkJrhjOmvarnk0NgvZ7xm5Pkd7TdnrHUw">definisi planet</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Pluto has a relatively eccentric orbit inclined 17 degrees to the ecliptic plane and ranging from 29.7 AU from the Sun at perihelion (within the orbit of Neptune) to 49.5 AU at aphelion.</span> Pluto memiliki orbit yang relatif eksentrik cenderung 17 derajat dengan bidang ekliptika dan berkisar antara 29,7 AU dari Matahari pada perihelion (dalam orbit Neptunus) untuk 49,5 AU di aphelion.</span> </dd></dl><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charon_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhhKPw1W2ismZpIAPThc7pLZRxpbxw" title="Charon (bulan)">Charon</a> , Pluto's largest moon, is sometimes described as part of a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_system_%28astronomy%29&usg=ALkJrhiQperZxF_XpQr_bX7x1UXa6C7mJQ" title="Sistem biner (astronomi)">binary system</a> with Pluto, as the two bodies orbit a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth-Moon_barycenter&usg=ALkJrhj5WtlOJH7xmx4XeFeGPSGQPekdUA" title="Bumi-Bulan barycenter" class="mw-redirect">barycenter</a> of gravity above their surfaces (ie, they appear to "orbit each other").</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charon_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhhKPw1W2ismZpIAPThc7pLZRxpbxw" title="Charon (bulan)">Charon</a> , bulan terbesar Pluto, kadang-kadang digambarkan sebagai bagian dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_system_%28astronomy%29&usg=ALkJrhiQperZxF_XpQr_bX7x1UXa6C7mJQ" title="Sistem biner (astronomi)">sistem biner</a> dengan Pluto, sebagai badan orbit dua sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth-Moon_barycenter&usg=ALkJrhj5WtlOJH7xmx4XeFeGPSGQPekdUA" title="Bumi-Bulan barycenter" class="mw-redirect">barycenter</a> gravitasi di atas permukaan mereka (yakni, mereka muncul untuk "orbit satu sama lain").</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Beyond Charon, two much smaller moons, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nix_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhivrpE4n4Lr9ib2rDNOc2ohEM_zKg" title="Nix (bulan)">Nix</a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhjZJpKOYwhwWWUUYJObXNXe0NgAag" title="Hydra (bulan)">Hydra</a> , orbit within the system.</span> Beyond Charon, dua bulan lebih kecil banyak, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nix_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhivrpE4n4Lr9ib2rDNOc2ohEM_zKg" title="Nix (bulan)">Nix</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydra_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhjZJpKOYwhwWWUUYJObXNXe0NgAag" title="Hydra (bulan)">Hydra</a> , orbit dalam sistem.</span> </dd></dl><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Pluto has a 3:2 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_resonance&usg=ALkJrhj1kFOi9bnYEMsj1Gdg0lXAF0Qeng" title="Orbital resonansi">resonance</a> with Neptune, meaning that Pluto orbits twice round the Sun for every three Neptunian orbits.</span> Pluto memiliki 03:02 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_resonance&usg=ALkJrhj1kFOi9bnYEMsj1Gdg0lXAF0Qeng" title="Orbital resonansi">resonansi</a> dengan Neptunus, yang berarti bahwa Pluto mengorbit dua kali putaran Matahari setiap tiga orbit Neptunus.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Kuiper belt objects whose orbits share this resonance are called <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutino&usg=ALkJrhgCXTFBRrFgM_l_xyUYRcKzf-G3Vg" title="Plutino">plutinos</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Fajans_et_al_2001-69"><sup id="cite_ref-Fajans_et_al_2001_69-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 70 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> objek Sabuk Kuiper yang mengorbit saham resonansi ini disebut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutino&usg=ALkJrhgCXTFBRrFgM_l_xyUYRcKzf-G3Vg" title="Plutino">plutinos</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Fajans_et_al_2001-69"><sup id="cite_ref-Fajans_et_al_2001_69-0" class="reference"><span>[70]</span></sup></a></span> </dd></dl><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Haumea_and_Makemake">Haumea and Makemake</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Haumea_and_Makemake">Haumea dan Makemake</span></span> </h4><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haumea_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhrTnoMPJYKbTqe1EP953m1DIc5wQ" title="Haumea (planet katai)">Haumea</a> (43.34 AU average), and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makemake_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgzSE0Q61hEkErw2EkdMwtXLkFQMg" title="Makemake (planet katai)">Makemake</a> (45.79 AU average), while smaller than Pluto, are the largest known objects in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object&usg=ALkJrhipOhG5Azb7-m6EPSGAi6PB9KAgCA" title="Klasik objek Sabuk Kuiper"><i>classical</i></a> Kuiper belt (that is, they are not in a confirmed <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object&usg=ALkJrhjHd_zMxa1k5R46NyfTtvt98PYJ9Q" title="Resonansi trans-Neptunus objek">resonance</a> with Neptune).</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haumea_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhrTnoMPJYKbTqe1EP953m1DIc5wQ" title="Haumea (planet katai)">Haumea</a> (rata-rata 43,34 AU), dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makemake_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhgzSE0Q61hEkErw2EkdMwtXLkFQMg" title="Makemake (planet katai)">Makemake</a> (rata-rata 45,79 AU), sedangkan yang lebih kecil dari Pluto, adalah benda-benda yang dikenal terbesar di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object&usg=ALkJrhipOhG5Azb7-m6EPSGAi6PB9KAgCA" title="Klasik objek Sabuk Kuiper"><i>klasik</i></a> Sabuk Kuiper (yaitu, mereka tidak dalam dikonfirmasi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object&usg=ALkJrhjHd_zMxa1k5R46NyfTtvt98PYJ9Q" title="Resonansi trans-Neptunus objek">resonansi</a> dengan Neptunus).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Haumea is an egg-shaped object with two moons.</span> Haumea adalah obyek berbentuk telur dengan dua bulan.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Makemake is the brightest object in the Kuiper belt after Pluto.</span> Makemake adalah objek paling terang di Sabuk Kuiper setelah Pluto.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Originally designated <b>2003 EL <sub>61</sub></b> and <b>2005 FY <sub>9</sub></b> respectively, they were given names and designated dwarf planets in 2008. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-name-70"><sup id="cite_ref-name_70-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 71 <span>]</span></sup></a> Their orbits are far more inclined than Pluto's, at 28° and 29°. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Buie-71"><sup id="cite_ref-Buie_71-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 72 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Awalnya yang ditunjuk <b>2003 EL <sub>61</sub></b> dan <b>2005 TA <sub>9,</sub></b> mereka diberi nama masing-masing dan ditunjuk planet kerdil tahun 2008. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-name-70"><sup id="cite_ref-name_70-0" class="reference"><span>[71]</span></sup></a> orbit mereka jauh lebih cenderung daripada Pluto, pada suhu 28 ° dan 29 °. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Buie-71"><sup id="cite_ref-Buie_71-0" class="reference"><span>[72]</span></sup></a></span> </dd></dl><h3> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Scattered_disc">Scattered disc</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Scattered_disc">Tersebar disk</span></span> </h3><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattered_disc&usg=ALkJrhh9GC-hk_GQFrNOWzDVJfPt3xUKCA">Scattered disc</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattered_disc&usg=ALkJrhh9GC-hk_GQFrNOWzDVJfPt3xUKCA">Piringan tersebar</a></span> </div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The scattered disc, which overlaps the Kuiper belt but extends much further outwards, is thought to be the source of short-period comets.</span> Disk bertebaran, yang tumpang tindih Sabuk Kuiper tetapi meluas jauh keluar lebih lanjut, dianggap sumber komet periode pendek.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Scattered disc objects are believed to have been ejected into erratic orbits by the gravitational influence of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhiGwOTOSgzpeAUNuktwBJjFw0J06g#Planetary_migration" title="Pembentukan dan evolusi Tata Surya">Neptune's early outward migration</a> .</span> objek Piringan tersebar diyakini telah terlontar ke dalam orbit tidak menentu oleh pengaruh gravitasi dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhiGwOTOSgzpeAUNuktwBJjFw0J06g#Planetary_migration" title="Pembentukan dan evolusi Tata Surya">luar lebih awal migrasi Neptunus</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Most scattered disc objects (SDOs) have perihelia within the Kuiper belt but aphelia as far as 150 AU from the Sun.</span> Kebanyakan disk objek tersebar (SDOs) telah perihelia dalam Sabuk Kuiper tetapi aphelia sejauh 150 AU dari Matahari.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">SDOs' orbits are also highly inclined to the ecliptic plane, and are often almost perpendicular to it.</span> orbit SDOs 'juga sangat cenderung terhadap bidang ekliptika, dan sering hampir tegak lurus untuk itu.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Some astronomers consider the scattered disc to be merely another region of the Kuiper belt, and describe scattered disc objects as "scattered Kuiper belt objects." <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-72"><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><span>[</span> 73 <span>]</span></sup></a> Some astronomers also classify centaurs as inward-scattered Kuiper belt objects along with the outward-scattered residents of the scattered disc. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-73"><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><span>[</span> 74 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Beberapa astronom menganggap disk hanya tersebar untuk wilayah lain dari sabuk Kuiper, dan menggambarkan benda-benda disk tersebar sebagai "objek Sabuk Kuiper tersebar." <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-72"><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><span>[73]</span></sup></a> Beberapa astronom juga mengklasifikasikan centaur sebagai tersebar Sabuk Kuiper-benda ke dalam bersama dengan luar-tersebar penduduk dari disk tersebar. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-73"><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><span>[74]</span></sup></a></span> </p><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Eris">Eris</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Eris">Eris</span></span> </h4><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhDmcZeCuTgyTk3R9YG3AeIja5JNA" title="Eris (planet katai)">Eris</a> (68 AU average) is the largest known scattered disc object, and caused a debate about what constitutes a planet, since it is 25% more massive than Pluto <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Eris-mass-74"><sup id="cite_ref-Eris-mass_74-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 75 <span>]</span></sup></a> and about the same diameter.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_%28dwarf_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhDmcZeCuTgyTk3R9YG3AeIja5JNA" title="Eris (planet katai)">Eris</a> (68 rata-rata AU) adalah disk tersebar objek terbesar yang diketahui, dan menyebabkan perdebatan tentang apa yang merupakan planet, karena 25% lebih besar dari Pluto <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Eris-mass-74"><sup id="cite_ref-Eris-mass_74-0" class="reference"><span>[75]</span></sup></a> dan tentang diameter yang sama.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is the most massive of the known dwarf planets.</span> Ini adalah yang paling besar planet-planet kerdil dikenal.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It has one moon, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysnomia_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhj-mT5rYWjB5OFRENXamSY7JTTXLg" title="Dysnomia (bulan)">Dysnomia</a> .</span> Ia memiliki satu bulan, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysnomia_%28moon%29&usg=ALkJrhj-mT5rYWjB5OFRENXamSY7JTTXLg" title="Dysnomia (bulan)">Dysnomia</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Like Pluto, its orbit is highly eccentric, with a perihelion of 38.2 AU (roughly Pluto's distance from the Sun) and an aphelion of 97.6 AU, and steeply inclined to the ecliptic plane.</span> Seperti Pluto, orbitnya sangat eksentrik, dengan perihelion dari 38,2 AU (kira-kira jarak Pluto dari Matahari) dan aphelion dari 97,6 AU, dan tebing cenderung terhadap bidang ekliptika.</span> </p><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Farthest_regions">Farthest regions</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Farthest_regions">Daerah terjauh</span></span> </h2><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The point at which the Solar System ends and interstellar space begins is not precisely defined, since its outer boundaries are shaped by two separate forces: the solar wind and the Sun's gravity.</span> Intinya di mana Tata Surya berakhir dan ruang antarbintang dimulai tidak tepat didefinisikan, karena batas luar yang dibentuk oleh dua kekuatan yang terpisah: angin surya dan gravitasi Matahari.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The outer limit of the solar wind's influence is roughly four times Pluto's distance from the Sun; this <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliopause&usg=ALkJrhiOBpAmTJPu6IG-3NJjsQyGdSzc3A" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliopause"><i>heliopause</i></a> is considered the beginning of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium&usg=ALkJrhjWkfI6R5QPOmrcofpFCisbNPsvHw">interstellar medium</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Voyager-20"><sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_20-1" class="reference"><span>[</span> 21 <span>]</span></sup></a> However, the Sun's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere&usg=ALkJrhiSCmpV2r8CMFzcRnT9ByhoPCAlSA" title="Hill bola">Roche sphere</a> , the effective range of its gravitational dominance, is believed to extend up to a thousand times farther. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Littmann-75"><sup id="cite_ref-Littmann_75-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 76 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Batas luar surya angin mempengaruhi kira-kira empat kali's jarak Pluto dari Matahari, ini <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliopause&usg=ALkJrhiOBpAmTJPu6IG-3NJjsQyGdSzc3A" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliopause"><i>heliopause</i></a> dianggap sebagai awal dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium&usg=ALkJrhjWkfI6R5QPOmrcofpFCisbNPsvHw">medium antarbintang</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Voyager-20"><sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_20-1" class="reference"><span>[21]</span></sup></a> Namun, Sun <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere&usg=ALkJrhiSCmpV2r8CMFzcRnT9ByhoPCAlSA" title="Hill bola">Roche lingkup</a> , jangkauan efektif dominasi gravitasi, diyakini memperpanjang sampai seribu kali lebih jauh. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Littmann-75"><sup id="cite_ref-Littmann_75-0" class="reference"><span>[76]</span></sup></a></span> </p><h3> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Heliopause">Heliopause</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Heliopause">Heliopause</span></span> </h3><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 302px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PIA12375.jpg&usg=ALkJrhiHYOapMqoLF2vbzIWjyu7vt071hQ" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/PIA12375.jpg/300px-PIA12375.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="202" width="300" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PIA12375.jpg&usg=ALkJrhiHYOapMqoLF2vbzIWjyu7vt071hQ" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_program&usg=ALkJrhjtwteetig4KR5eTz5vuaMAX-vLSg" title="Program Voyager">Voyagers</a> entering the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosheath&usg=ALkJrhhUbbAjms7FxQ7GgOE3ZVo8Teh2eA" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliosheath">heliosheath</a></span> Para <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_program&usg=ALkJrhjtwteetig4KR5eTz5vuaMAX-vLSg" title="Program Voyager">Voyagers</a> memasuki <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosheath&usg=ALkJrhhUbbAjms7FxQ7GgOE3ZVo8Teh2eA" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliosheath">heliosheath</a></span> </div></div></div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The heliosphere is divided into two separate regions.</span> heliosphere ini dibagi menjadi dua wilayah terpisah.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The solar wind travels at roughly 400 km/s until it collides with the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_wind&usg=ALkJrhgjUQSsd7Nauo9LMMXsFQQmWY1Aww" class="mw-redirect" title="Angin antarbintang">interstellar wind</a> ; the flow of plasma in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium&usg=ALkJrhjWkfI6R5QPOmrcofpFCisbNPsvHw">interstellar medium</a> .</span> Angin matahari bergerak di sekitar 400 km / s sampai bertabrakan dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_wind&usg=ALkJrhgjUQSsd7Nauo9LMMXsFQQmWY1Aww" class="mw-redirect" title="Angin antarbintang">angin antar bintang</a> , aliran plasma di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium&usg=ALkJrhjWkfI6R5QPOmrcofpFCisbNPsvHw">medium antarbintang</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The collision occurs at the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termination_shock&usg=ALkJrhgFuWA10QURrq5edZwOFUbt8WCUgA" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemutusan shock">termination shock</a> , which is roughly 80–100 AU from the Sun upwind of the interstellar medium and roughly 200 AU from the Sun downwind. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-fahr-76"><sup id="cite_ref-fahr_76-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 77 <span>]</span></sup></a> Here the wind slows dramatically, condenses and becomes more turbulent, <sup id="cite_ref-fahr_76-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-fahr-76"><span>[</span> 77 <span>]</span></a></sup> forming a great oval structure known as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosheath&usg=ALkJrhhUbbAjms7FxQ7GgOE3ZVo8Teh2eA" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliosheath">heliosheath</a> .</span> Tabrakan terjadi di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termination_shock&usg=ALkJrhgFuWA10QURrq5edZwOFUbt8WCUgA" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemutusan shock">shock terminasi</a> , yang kira-kira 80-100 AU dari Matahari melawan angin medium antar bintang dan sekitar 200 AU dari arah angin Matahari. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-fahr-76"><sup id="cite_ref-fahr_76-0" class="reference"><span>[77]</span></sup></a> Di sini angin melambat secara dramatis, mengembun dan menjadi lebih bergejolak, <sup id="cite_ref-fahr_76-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-fahr-76"><span>[77]</span></a></sup> membentuk struktur oval besar dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosheath&usg=ALkJrhhUbbAjms7FxQ7GgOE3ZVo8Teh2eA" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliosheath">heliosheath</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This structure is believed to look and behave very much like a comet's tail, extending outward for a further 40 AU on the upwind side but tailing many times that distance downwind; but evidence from the Cassini and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer&usg=ALkJrhhNgSLBPc-7S78AQOhZRHACQefP5g">Interstellar Boundary Explorer</a> spacecraft has suggested that it is in fact forced into a bubble shape by the constraining action of the interstellar magnetic field. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-77"><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><span>[</span> 78 <span>]</span></sup></a> Both <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_1&usg=ALkJrhgOb3d3kq67oFs5bAeH2-h8SWadcw"><i>Voyager 1</i></a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_2&usg=ALkJrhgNZEqVbiLOXj4JAg3OVKo2-oGD5g"><i>Voyager 2</i></a> are reported to have passed the termination shock and entered the heliosheath, at 94 and 84 AU from the Sun, respectively. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-78"><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><span>[</span> 79 <span>]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-79"><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><span>[</span> 80 <span>]</span></sup></a> The outer boundary of the heliosphere, the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliopause&usg=ALkJrhiOBpAmTJPu6IG-3NJjsQyGdSzc3A" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliopause">heliopause</a> , is the point at which the solar wind finally terminates and is the beginning of interstellar space. <sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_20-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Voyager-20"><span>[</span> 21 <span>]</span></a></sup></span> Struktur ini diyakini untuk melihat dan berperilaku sangat mirip komet ekor, memperluas luar untuk AU 40 lebih lanjut di sisi melawan angin tetapi tailing berkali-kali bahwa jarak melawan arah angin, tetapi bukti-bukti dari Cassini dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer&usg=ALkJrhhNgSLBPc-7S78AQOhZRHACQefP5g">Interstellar Boundary Explorer</a> pesawat ruang angkasa telah menyarankan bahwa dalam Bahkan dipaksa menjadi bentuk gelembung oleh aksi menghambat medan magnet antarbintang. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-77"><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><span>[78]</span></sup></a> Kedua <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_1&usg=ALkJrhgOb3d3kq67oFs5bAeH2-h8SWadcw"><i>Voyager 1</i></a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_2&usg=ALkJrhgNZEqVbiLOXj4JAg3OVKo2-oGD5g"><i>Voyager 2</i></a> dilaporkan telah melewati shock pemberhentian dan memasuki heliosheath, pada 94 dan 84 AU dari Matahari, masing-masing. <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-78"><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference">[ 79]</sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-79"><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference">[80]</sup></a></span> Batas terluar dari heliosphere, yang <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliopause&usg=ALkJrhiOBpAmTJPu6IG-3NJjsQyGdSzc3A" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliopause">heliopause</a> , adalah titik di mana angin matahari akhirnya berakhir dan merupakan awal ruang antarbintang. <sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_20-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Voyager-20"><span>[21]</span></a></sup></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The shape and form of the outer edge of the heliosphere is likely affected by the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics&usg=ALkJrhhPyFFTyWrRA5LVjOxMyV6nO7GKfA">fluid dynamics</a> of interactions with the interstellar medium <sup id="cite_ref-fahr_76-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-fahr-76"><span>[</span> 77 <span>]</span></a></sup> as well as solar magnetic fields prevailing to the south, eg it is bluntly shaped with the northern hemisphere extending 9 AU farther than the southern hemisphere.</span> Bentuk dan bentuk tepi luar heliosphere kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics&usg=ALkJrhhPyFFTyWrRA5LVjOxMyV6nO7GKfA">dinamika fluida</a> dari interaksi dengan medium antarbintang <sup id="cite_ref-fahr_76-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-fahr-76"><span>[77]</span></a></sup> serta medan magnet matahari yang berlaku ke selatan, misalnya adalah berbentuk blak-blakan dengan belahan bumi utara memperluas 9 AU lebih jauh dari belahan bumi selatan.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Beyond the heliopause, at around 230 AU, lies the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_shock&usg=ALkJrhhT78Xpqg_vwkPSbyEquLtFf0CSxA">bow shock</a> , a plasma "wake" left by the Sun as it travels through the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way&usg=ALkJrhhYT3SYA2Urakxk7VHAoL5irNR76g">Milky Way</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-80"><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><span>[</span> 81 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Heliopause luar, di sekitar 230 AU, terletak <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bow_shock&usg=ALkJrhhT78Xpqg_vwkPSbyEquLtFf0CSxA">kejutan busur</a> , plasma "membangunkan" yang ditinggalkan oleh Matahari karena perjalanan melalui <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way&usg=ALkJrhhYT3SYA2Urakxk7VHAoL5irNR76g">Bima Sakti</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-80"><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><span>[81]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">No spacecraft have yet passed beyond the heliopause, so it is impossible to know for certain the conditions in local interstellar space.</span> Tidak ada pesawat ruang angkasa belum lulus heliopause luar, sehingga tidak mungkin untuk mengetahui secara pasti kondisi di ruang antar bintang lokal.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is expected that <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA&usg=ALkJrhj3DeQAaEpoRP7fe8RlYztTeW5IJg">NASA</a> 's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_program&usg=ALkJrhjtwteetig4KR5eTz5vuaMAX-vLSg" title="Program Voyager">Voyager spacecraft</a> will pass the heliopause some time in the next decade and transmit valuable data on radiation levels and solar wind back to the Earth. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-81"><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><span>[</span> 82 <span>]</span></sup></a> How well the heliosphere shields the Solar System from cosmic rays is poorly understood.</span> Diharapkan bahwa <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA&usg=ALkJrhj3DeQAaEpoRP7fe8RlYztTeW5IJg">NASA</a> 's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_program&usg=ALkJrhjtwteetig4KR5eTz5vuaMAX-vLSg" title="Program Voyager">wahana Voyager</a> akan melewati heliopause beberapa waktu di dekade berikutnya dan mengirimkan data berharga pada tingkat radiasi dan angin matahari kembali ke bumi. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-81"><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><span>[82]</span></sup></a> Seberapa baik perisai heliosphere tata surya dari sinar kosmik buruk dipahami.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A NASA-funded team has developed a concept of a "Vision Mission" dedicated to sending a probe to the heliosphere. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-82"><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><span>[</span> 83 <span>]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-83"><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><span>[</span> 84 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Sebuah tim yang didanai NASA telah mengembangkan konsep "Visi Misi" didedikasikan untuk mengirimkan probe ke heliosphere. <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-82"><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference">[83]</sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-83"><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference">[84]</sup></a></span></span> </p><h3> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Oort_cloud">Oort cloud</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Oort_cloud">Awan Oort</span></span> </h3><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud&usg=ALkJrhjEZlDcxrhT0C0dPAg1EV8LfUT9dQ">Oort cloud</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud&usg=ALkJrhjEZlDcxrhT0C0dPAg1EV8LfUT9dQ">Awan Oort</a></span> </div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 252px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kuiper_oort.jpg&usg=ALkJrhgJnC9HVoaeOwyfux4qYZ2NPor3Ow" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kuiper_oort.jpg/250px-Kuiper_oort.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="215" width="250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kuiper_oort.jpg&usg=ALkJrhgJnC9HVoaeOwyfux4qYZ2NPor3Ow" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">An artist's rendering of the Oort Cloud, the Hills Cloud, and the Kuiper belt (inset)</span> Artis rendering dari Awan Oort, Cloud Hills, dan sabuk Kuiper (inset)</span> </div></div></div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The hypothetical Oort cloud is a spherical cloud of up to a trillion icy objects that is believed to be the source for all long-period comets and to surround the Solar System at roughly 50,000 AU (around 1 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year&usg=ALkJrhg3r91zutFZh1x0tHsH4jlx6Rh44g">light-year</a> (LY)), and possibly to as far as 100,000 AU (1.87 LY).</span> Awan Oort hipotetis adalah awan bola sampai satu triliun benda dingin yang diyakini sebagai sumber untuk semua-komet periode panjang dan mengelilingi Tata Surya di sekitar 50.000 AU (sekitar 1 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year&usg=ALkJrhg3r91zutFZh1x0tHsH4jlx6Rh44g">tahun cahaya</a> (LY)), dan mungkin untuk sejauh 100.000 AU (1.87 LY).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It is believed to be composed of comets that were ejected from the inner Solar System by gravitational interactions with the outer planets.</span> Hal ini diyakini terdiri dari komet yang dikeluarkan dari Tata Surya bagian dalam oleh interaksi gravitasi dengan planet luar.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Oort cloud objects move very slowly, and can be perturbed by infrequent events such as collisions, the gravitational effects of a passing star, or the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_tide&usg=ALkJrhh13kqiuDzeYeJADt4Bgrl8Wg3uIA">galactic tide</a> , the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_force&usg=ALkJrhiJQ218iuhU-71wtvtDk13gRGtD2Q">tidal force</a> exerted by the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way&usg=ALkJrhhYT3SYA2Urakxk7VHAoL5irNR76g">Milky Way</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-84"><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><span>[</span> 85 <span>]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-85"><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><span>[</span> 86 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Awan Oort benda bergerak sangat lambat, dan dapat terganggu oleh peristiwa jarang terjadi seperti tabrakan, efek gravitasi bintang yang lewat, atau <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_tide&usg=ALkJrhh13kqiuDzeYeJADt4Bgrl8Wg3uIA">pasang galaksi</a> , dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_force&usg=ALkJrhiJQ218iuhU-71wtvtDk13gRGtD2Q">gaya pasang surut</a> yang diberikan oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way&usg=ALkJrhhYT3SYA2Urakxk7VHAoL5irNR76g">Bima Sakti</a> . <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-84"><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference">[85]</sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-85"><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference">[86]</sup></a></span></span> </p><h4> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sedna">Sedna</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Sedna">Sedna</span></span> </h4><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90377_Sedna&usg=ALkJrhj5ty85WERqSaOagvsoZbmE6Lswyw">90377 Sedna</a> (525.86 AU average) is a large, reddish Pluto-like object with a gigantic, highly elliptical orbit that takes it from about 76 AU at perihelion to 928 AU at aphelion and takes 12,050 years to complete. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_E._Brown&usg=ALkJrhjTc1vJzcKVHDqtocwe0FqXaqQnHw" title="Michael E. Brown">Mike Brown</a> , who discovered the object in 2003, asserts that it cannot be part of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattered_disc&usg=ALkJrhh9GC-hk_GQFrNOWzDVJfPt3xUKCA">scattered disc</a> or the Kuiper belt as its perihelion is too distant to have been affected by Neptune's migration.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90377_Sedna&usg=ALkJrhj5ty85WERqSaOagvsoZbmE6Lswyw">90377 Sedna</a> (rata-rata 525,86 AU) adalah kemerahan, objek Pluto seperti besar dengan sangat, orbit elips raksasa yang mengambil dari sekitar 76 AU pada perihelion untuk 928 AU di aphelion dan membutuhkan 12.050 tahun untuk menyelesaikan. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_E._Brown&usg=ALkJrhjTc1vJzcKVHDqtocwe0FqXaqQnHw" title="Michael E. Brown">Mike Brown</a> , yang menemukan objek pada tahun 2003, menegaskan bahwa ia tidak dapat menjadi bagian dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattered_disc&usg=ALkJrhh9GC-hk_GQFrNOWzDVJfPt3xUKCA">disk tersebar</a> atau Sabuk Kuiper sebagai perihelion yang terlalu jauh telah dipengaruhi oleh's migrasi Neptunus.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">He and other astronomers consider it to be the first in an entirely new population, which also may include the object <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_CR105&usg=ALkJrhhgP0d6HaRahwXYKa5NJsQ7VByIjg" title="2000 CR105" class="mw-redirect"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">2000 CR <sub>105</sub></span></a> , which has a perihelion of 45 AU, an aphelion of 415 AU, and an orbital period of 3,420 years. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-86"><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><span>[</span> 87 <span>]</span></sup></a> Brown terms this population the "Inner Oort cloud," as it may have formed through a similar process, although it is far closer to the Sun. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-87"><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><span>[</span> 88 <span>]</span></sup></a> Sedna is very likely a dwarf planet, though its shape has yet to be determined with certainty.</span> Dia dan astronom lainnya menganggap hal itu menjadi yang pertama dalam populasi yang sama sekali baru, yang juga mungkin termasuk objek <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_CR105&usg=ALkJrhhgP0d6HaRahwXYKa5NJsQ7VByIjg" title="2000 CR105" class="mw-redirect"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">2000 CR <sub>105</sub></span></a> , yang memiliki perihelion 45 AU, sebuah aphelion 415 AU, dan periode orbit dari 3420 tahun. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-86"><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><span>[87 ]</span></sup></a> Brown istilah ini populasi "Inner Awan Oort," seperti yang mungkin telah terbentuk melalui proses yang sama, meskipun jauh lebih dekat dengan Matahari. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-87"><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><span>[88]</span></sup></a> Sedna sangat mungkin sebuah planet kerdil, meskipun bentuknya belum ditentukan dengan pasti.</span> </p><h3> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Boundaries">Boundaries</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Boundaries">Batas</span></span> </h3><div class="rellink boilerplate seealso"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">See also: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanoid_asteroid&usg=ALkJrhhjqXmz84CkZwnU14Lpz7WA3IFnTQ">Vulcanoid asteroid</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune&usg=ALkJrhj-ye6Sk2wZzcUM4ow864DTzocmqQ">Planets beyond Neptune</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemesis_%28star%29&usg=ALkJrhgiqgadJteFafTNVxiyL7AZaE3gHA" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemesis (bintang)">Nemesis (star)</a> , and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyche_%28hypothetical_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhopYGsTahufK0Ixx8keqT5cQz2Pw">Tyche (hypothetical planet)</a></span> Lihat juga: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanoid_asteroid&usg=ALkJrhhjqXmz84CkZwnU14Lpz7WA3IFnTQ">Vulcanoid asteroid</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune&usg=ALkJrhj-ye6Sk2wZzcUM4ow864DTzocmqQ">planet di luar Neptunus</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemesis_%28star%29&usg=ALkJrhgiqgadJteFafTNVxiyL7AZaE3gHA" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemesis (bintang)">Nemesis (bintang)</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyche_%28hypothetical_planet%29&usg=ALkJrhhopYGsTahufK0Ixx8keqT5cQz2Pw">Tyche (planet hipotetis)</a></span> </div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Much of our Solar System is still unknown.</span> Sebagian besar tata surya kita masih belum diketahui.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Sun's gravitational field is estimated to dominate the gravitational forces of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nearest_stars&usg=ALkJrhjjdUO2_Xq1NKnlf6SST04N2qfCuQ" title="Daftar bintang terdekat">surrounding stars</a> out to about two light years (125,000 AU).</span> Sun's gravitasi lapangan tersebut diperkirakan mendominasi gaya gravitasi dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nearest_stars&usg=ALkJrhjjdUO2_Xq1NKnlf6SST04N2qfCuQ" title="Daftar bintang terdekat">sekitar bintang</a> keluar untuk sekitar dua tahun cahaya (125.000 AU).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Lower estimates for the radius of the Oort cloud, by contrast, do not place it farther than 50,000 AU. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-88"><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><span>[</span> 89 <span>]</span></sup></a> Despite discoveries such as Sedna, the region between the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud, an area tens of thousands of AU in radius, is still virtually unmapped.</span> perkiraan yang lebih rendah untuk jari-jari awan Oort, sebaliknya, jangan letakkan jauh dari 50.000 AU. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-88"><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><span>[89]</span></sup></a> Walaupun penemuan seperti Sedna, daerah antara Sabuk Kuiper dan awan Oort, puluhan ribu daerah AU di jari-jari, masih hampir belum dipetakan.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">There are also ongoing studies of the region between Mercury and the Sun. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-89"><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><span>[</span> 90 <span>]</span></sup></a> Objects may yet be discovered in the Solar System's uncharted regions.</span> Ada juga studi berkelanjutan dari daerah antara Merkurius dan Matahari. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-89"><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><span>[90]</span></sup></a> Obyek belum mungkin ditemukan di sistem daerah yang belum dipetakan's Solar tersebut.</span> </p><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Galactic_context">Galactic context</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Galactic_context">Galactic konteks</span></span> </h2><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Milky_Way_Spiral_Arm.svg&usg=ALkJrhh0oWmCkSFpzHkwYOHJ4hoN-dX94A" class="image"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Milky_Way_Spiral_Arm.svg/220px-Milky_Way_Spiral_Arm.svg.png" class="thumbimage" height="192" width="220" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Milky_Way_Spiral_Arm.svg&usg=ALkJrhh0oWmCkSFpzHkwYOHJ4hoN-dX94A" class="internal" title="Memperbesar"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Location of the Solar System within our <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy&usg=ALkJrhg8pGQG7VOmWFVrFDAaKQZWPuDx9g">galaxy</a></span> Lokasi Tata Surya dalam kita <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy&usg=ALkJrhg8pGQG7VOmWFVrFDAaKQZWPuDx9g">galaksi</a></span> </div></div></div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Solar System is located in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way&usg=ALkJrhhYT3SYA2Urakxk7VHAoL5irNR76g">Milky Way</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy&usg=ALkJrhg8pGQG7VOmWFVrFDAaKQZWPuDx9g">galaxy</a> , a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barred_spiral_galaxy&usg=ALkJrhgnYdbhjZ6VIYSWj9fVErUrT2rNIA">barred spiral galaxy</a> with a diameter of about 100,000 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year&usg=ALkJrhg3r91zutFZh1x0tHsH4jlx6Rh44g" title="Light-tahun">light-years</a> containing about 200 billion stars. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-fn9-90"><sup id="cite_ref-fn9_90-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 91 <span>]</span></sup></a> Our Sun resides in one of the Milky Way's outer spiral arms, known as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_Arm&usg=ALkJrhhQwigE0FCVI52TfBfmTr6tZuSfCw" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion Arm">Orion Arm</a> or Local Spur. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-91"><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><span>[</span> 92 <span>]</span></sup></a> The Sun lies between 25,000 and 28,000 light years from the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_Centre&usg=ALkJrhj8aVjxptWcPPiIhBOtDSJvL4wMMQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Pusat galaksi">Galactic Centre</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-distance2-92"><sup id="cite_ref-distance2_92-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 93 <span>]</span></sup></a> and its speed within the galaxy is about 220 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre_per_second&usg=ALkJrhjyX5ylbCtkS2weJazP4k41GJaYKA" title="Meter per detik">kilometres per second</a> , so that it completes one revolution every 225–250 million years.</span> Tata Surya terletak di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way&usg=ALkJrhhYT3SYA2Urakxk7VHAoL5irNR76g">Bima Sakti</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy&usg=ALkJrhg8pGQG7VOmWFVrFDAaKQZWPuDx9g">galaksi</a> , sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barred_spiral_galaxy&usg=ALkJrhgnYdbhjZ6VIYSWj9fVErUrT2rNIA">galaksi spiral dihalangi</a> dengan diameter sekitar 100.000 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year&usg=ALkJrhg3r91zutFZh1x0tHsH4jlx6Rh44g" title="Light-tahun">-tahun cahaya</a> yang mengandung sekitar 200 miliar bintang. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-fn9-90"><sup id="cite_ref-fn9_90-0" class="reference"><span>[91]</span></sup></a> kami Matahari berada di salah satu Way luar spiral Milky lengan, yang dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_Arm&usg=ALkJrhhQwigE0FCVI52TfBfmTr6tZuSfCw" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion Arm">Orion Lengan</a> atau Lokal Spur. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-91"><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><span>[92]</span></sup></a> The Sun terletak di antara 28.000 dan 25.000 tahun cahaya dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_Centre&usg=ALkJrhj8aVjxptWcPPiIhBOtDSJvL4wMMQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Pusat galaksi">Pusat Galactic</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-distance2-92"><sup id="cite_ref-distance2_92-0" class="reference"><span>[93]</span></sup></a> dan kecepatan di dalam galaksi adalah sekitar 220 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre_per_second&usg=ALkJrhjyX5ylbCtkS2weJazP4k41GJaYKA" title="Meter per detik">kilometer per detik</a> , sehingga menyelesaikan satu revolusi setiap 225-250000000 tahun .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This revolution is known as the Solar System's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_year&usg=ALkJrhg837gPgirHZ38qw3RF5j2N5SJuzw">galactic year</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-93"><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><span>[</span> 94 <span>]</span></sup></a> The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_apex&usg=ALkJrhhrqM6sR-JKNLiZ9Tu2Apw4QIaBUQ">solar apex</a> , the direction of the Sun's path through interstellar space, is near the constellation of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_%28constellation%29&usg=ALkJrhhdUqyVs962erwYL4uenGZYYq2sQA" title="Hercules (rasi)">Hercules</a> in the direction of the current location of the bright star <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vega&usg=ALkJrhhKLECeX_zw8unx8KvbJlVE_6zgVA">Vega</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-94"><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><span>[</span> 95 <span>]</span></sup></a> The plane of the Solar System's ecliptic lies at an angle of about 60° to the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_plane&usg=ALkJrhhRcHtJXxOumyMgrXGwv4qBT6mJ-g">galactic plane</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Fnone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Fnone">[f]</sup></a></span> Revolusi ini dikenal sebagai Tata Surya <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_year&usg=ALkJrhg837gPgirHZ38qw3RF5j2N5SJuzw">tahun galaksi</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-93"><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><span>[94]</span></sup></a> The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_apex&usg=ALkJrhhrqM6sR-JKNLiZ9Tu2Apw4QIaBUQ">apeks matahari</a> , arah matahari jalan melalui ruang antar bintang, dekat konstelasi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_%28constellation%29&usg=ALkJrhhdUqyVs962erwYL4uenGZYYq2sQA" title="Hercules (rasi)">Hercules</a> ke arah lokasi saat terang bintang <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vega&usg=ALkJrhhKLECeX_zw8unx8KvbJlVE_6zgVA">Vega</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-94"><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><span>[95]</span></sup></a> Pesawat Sistem ekliptika terletak Solar pada sudut sekitar 60 ° terhadap <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_plane&usg=ALkJrhhRcHtJXxOumyMgrXGwv4qBT6mJ-g">bidang galaksi</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#endnote_Fnone"><sup class="reference" id="ref_Fnone">[f]</sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Solar System's location in the galaxy is very likely a factor in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution&usg=ALkJrhg7KZYenJXCed2edVQjdAUmStEIUw">evolution</a> of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life&usg=ALkJrhhDf_SatUBgZB4e9W0McasCavzLcQ">life</a> on Earth.</span> Solar System Lokasi di galaksi sangat mungkin faktor dalam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution&usg=ALkJrhg7KZYenJXCed2edVQjdAUmStEIUw">evolusi</a> dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life&usg=ALkJrhhDf_SatUBgZB4e9W0McasCavzLcQ">kehidupan</a> di Bumi.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Its orbit is close to being circular and is at roughly the same speed as that of the spiral arms, which means it passes through them only rarely.</span> Orbitnya dekat menjadi melingkar dan berada pada kecepatan kira-kira sama dengan lengan spiral, yang berarti melewati mereka jarang.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Since spiral arms are home to a far larger concentration of potentially dangerous <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova&usg=ALkJrhjYjRRI19fM2DFcnaLw1o5UIw88eQ" title="Supernova">supernovae</a> , this has given Earth long periods of interstellar stability for life to evolve. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-astrobiology-95"><sup id="cite_ref-astrobiology_95-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 96 <span>]</span></sup></a> The Solar System also lies well outside the star-crowded environs of the galactic centre.</span> Karena lengan spiral adalah rumah bagi lebih besar konsentrasi jauh berbahaya <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova&usg=ALkJrhjYjRRI19fM2DFcnaLw1o5UIw88eQ" title="Supernova">supernova</a> , ini telah memberikan panjang periode Bumi stabilitas antar bagi kehidupan untuk berevolusi. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-astrobiology-95"><sup id="cite_ref-astrobiology_95-0" class="reference"><span>[96]</span></sup></a> Tata Surya juga terletak dengan baik luar-ramai lingkungan bintang pusat galaksi.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Near the centre, gravitational tugs from nearby stars could perturb bodies in the Oort Cloud and send many comets into the inner Solar System, producing collisions with potentially catastrophic implications for life on Earth.</span> Dekat pusat, kapal tunda gravitasi dari bintang-bintang terdekat bisa mengganggu tubuh dalam Awan Oort dan mengirim banyak komet ke Tata Surya bagian dalam, menghasilkan tabrakan dengan implikasi berpotensi bencana bagi kehidupan di Bumi.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The intense radiation of the galactic centre could also interfere with the development of complex life. <sup id="cite_ref-astrobiology_95-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-astrobiology-95"><span>[</span> 96 <span>]</span></a></sup> Even at the Solar System's current location, some scientists have hypothesised that recent supernovae may have adversely affected life in the last 35,000 years by flinging pieces of expelled stellar core towards the Sun as radioactive dust grains and larger, comet-like bodies. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-96"><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><span>[</span> 97 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Radiasi kuat dari pusat galaksi juga bisa mengganggu perkembangan kehidupan yang kompleks. <sup id="cite_ref-astrobiology_95-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-astrobiology-95"><span>[96]</span></a></sup> Bahkan pada Sistem berjalan lokasi Solar, beberapa ilmuwan telah membuat hipotesis bahwa supernova baru-baru ini mungkin telah mempengaruhi kehidupan di tahun terakhir 35.000 oleh potongan melemparkan dari diusir bintang utama terhadap Matahari sebagai butir debu radioaktif dan lebih besar, seperti tubuh komet. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-96"><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><span>[97]</span></sup></a></span> </p><h3> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Neighbourhood">Neighbourhood</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Neighbourhood">Lingkungan</span></span> </h3><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The immediate galactic neighbourhood of the Solar System is known as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interstellar_Cloud&usg=ALkJrhj3yPu-VwIxIUJPY2ouYJxhpkJ3ew">Local Interstellar Cloud</a> or Local Fluff, an area of denser cloud in an otherwise sparse region known as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Bubble&usg=ALkJrhgELyFFKrBe72pjkYemKtwctNsQTg">Local Bubble</a> , an hourglass-shaped cavity in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium&usg=ALkJrhjWkfI6R5QPOmrcofpFCisbNPsvHw">interstellar medium</a> roughly 300 light years across.</span> Lingkungan galaksi langsung dari tata surya dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Interstellar_Cloud&usg=ALkJrhj3yPu-VwIxIUJPY2ouYJxhpkJ3ew">Awan Interstellar Lokal</a> atau Lokal Fluff, seluas awan padat di daerah jarang atau dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Bubble&usg=ALkJrhgELyFFKrBe72pjkYemKtwctNsQTg">Bubble Lokal</a> , sebuah rongga berbentuk jam pasir di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium&usg=ALkJrhjWkfI6R5QPOmrcofpFCisbNPsvHw">medium antarbintang</a> sekitar 300 tahun cahaya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The bubble is suffused with high-temperature plasma that suggests it is the product of several recent supernovae. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-97"><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><span>[</span> 98 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> gelembung ini diliputi dengan-suhu plasma tinggi yang menunjukkan hal itu adalah produk dari supernova beberapa baru-baru ini. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-97"><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><span>[98]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p><span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">There are relatively few <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nearest_stars&usg=ALkJrhjjdUO2_Xq1NKnlf6SST04N2qfCuQ" title="Daftar bintang terdekat">stars within ten light years</a> (95 trillion km) of the Sun.</span> Ada relatif sedikit <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nearest_stars&usg=ALkJrhjjdUO2_Xq1NKnlf6SST04N2qfCuQ" title="Daftar bintang terdekat">tahun cahaya bintang dalam sepuluh</a> (95 triliun km) dari Matahari.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The closest is the triple star system <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Centauri&usg=ALkJrhh57xrasX1KG2DyBXF7EHdOahapYQ">Alpha Centauri</a> , which is about 4.4 light years away.</span> Yang paling dekat adalah bintang tiga sistem <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Centauri&usg=ALkJrhh57xrasX1KG2DyBXF7EHdOahapYQ">Alpha Centauri</a> , yang berjarak sekitar 4,4 tahun cahaya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Alpha Centauri A and B are a closely tied pair of Sun-like stars, while the small <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf&usg=ALkJrhial2L1CQFxFcV6jb4Uq6_XspPkPg">red dwarf</a> Alpha Centauri C (also known as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri&usg=ALkJrhhfXIKX3cgv6l8ilEIBxA53v6rgHA">Proxima Centauri</a> ) orbits the pair at a distance of 0.2 light years.</span> Alpha Centauri A dan B adalah sepasang terikat erat dari-seperti bintang Sun, sedangkan kecil <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf&usg=ALkJrhial2L1CQFxFcV6jb4Uq6_XspPkPg">merah kerdil</a> Alpha Centauri C (juga dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri&usg=ALkJrhhfXIKX3cgv6l8ilEIBxA53v6rgHA">Proxima Centauri</a> ) mengorbit pasangan pada jarak 0,2 tahun cahaya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The stars next closest to the Sun are the red dwarfs <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard%27s_Star&usg=ALkJrhgJBxK_6QXs5hBG4KLxMcj5dL1Bjw">Barnard's Star</a> (at 5.9 light years), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_359&usg=ALkJrhjiFhUrmtoS7oEEC31Fi-XQTjTpOA">Wolf 359</a> (7.8 light years) and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalande_21185&usg=ALkJrhioc2mU6CN1d6fcvHRn5zcedcBgEw">Lalande 21185</a> (8.3 light years).</span> Bintang-bintang berikutnya yang paling dekat dengan Matahari yang merah kerdil <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard%27s_Star&usg=ALkJrhgJBxK_6QXs5hBG4KLxMcj5dL1Bjw">Barnard's Star</a> (pada 5,9 tahun cahaya), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_359&usg=ALkJrhjiFhUrmtoS7oEEC31Fi-XQTjTpOA">Wolf 359</a> (7,8 tahun cahaya) dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalande_21185&usg=ALkJrhioc2mU6CN1d6fcvHRn5zcedcBgEw">Lalande 21185</a> (8,3 tahun cahaya).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The largest star within ten light years is <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius&usg=ALkJrhhTU7hOEhGXtkzlhtpHOtmwSjjAvg">Sirius</a> , a bright <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence&usg=ALkJrhgQ_F--QMFYkWJuUDFfTB72K9wfiQ">main sequence</a> star roughly twice the Sun's mass and orbited by a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf&usg=ALkJrhgkFkdnzLjAVpSO8wD2j_ePyfJlMw">white dwarf</a> called Sirius B. It lies 8.6 light years away.</span> Bintang terbesar dalam sepuluh tahun cahaya adalah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius&usg=ALkJrhhTU7hOEhGXtkzlhtpHOtmwSjjAvg">Sirius</a> , cerah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence&usg=ALkJrhgQ_F--QMFYkWJuUDFfTB72K9wfiQ">deret utama</a> bintang kira-kira dua kali Sun massa dan mengorbit oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf&usg=ALkJrhgkFkdnzLjAVpSO8wD2j_ePyfJlMw">kerdil putih</a> bernama Sirius B. terletak 8,6 tahun cahaya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The remaining systems within ten light years are the binary red dwarf system <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luyten_726-8&usg=ALkJrhg05kOMiI_I5a0zFO_WnOqPTJrMLQ">Luyten 726-8</a> (8.7 light years) and the solitary red dwarf <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_154&usg=ALkJrhil4BUw5hcrF3qEHeAPbBSnyO_nNQ">Ross 154</a> (9.7 light years). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-98"><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><span>[</span> 99 <span>]</span></sup></a> Our closest solitary sun-like star is <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Ceti&usg=ALkJrhiWushRsMopNvldgq5JqZ7Dt9vUhw">Tau Ceti</a> , which lies 11.9 light years away.</span> Sistem yang tersisa dalam waktu sepuluh tahun cahaya adalah sistem kerdil merah biner <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luyten_726-8&usg=ALkJrhg05kOMiI_I5a0zFO_WnOqPTJrMLQ">Luyten 726-8</a> (8,7 tahun cahaya) dan kerdil merah soliter <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_154&usg=ALkJrhil4BUw5hcrF3qEHeAPbBSnyO_nNQ">Ross 154</a> (9,7 tahun cahaya). <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-98"><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference">[99]</sup></a></span> soliter kami bintang seperti matahari terdekat adalah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Ceti&usg=ALkJrhiWushRsMopNvldgq5JqZ7Dt9vUhw">Tau Ceti</a> , yang terletak 11,9 tahun cahaya.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">It has roughly 80 percent the Sun's mass, but only 60 percent its luminosity. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-99"><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><span>[</span> 100 <span>]</span></sup></a> The closest known <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrasolar_planet&usg=ALkJrhhHXTb63KqTgVK9RyTX4D3Sq4sJEg">extrasolar planet</a> to the Sun lies around the star <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilon_Eridani&usg=ALkJrhgGenOCFKEtIuCe3PEDhmWxUtWFEw">Epsilon Eridani</a> , a star slightly dimmer and redder than the Sun, which lies 10.5 light years away.</span> Ini memiliki sekitar 80 persen Sun massa, tetapi hanya 60 persen luminositas nya. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-99"><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><span>[100]</span></sup></a> Yang paling dekat dikenal <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrasolar_planet&usg=ALkJrhhHXTb63KqTgVK9RyTX4D3Sq4sJEg">planet ekstrasurya</a> ke Matahari terletak di sekitar bintang <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilon_Eridani&usg=ALkJrhgGenOCFKEtIuCe3PEDhmWxUtWFEw">Epsilon Eridani</a> , bintang sedikit redup dan merah dari Matahari, yang terletak 10,5 tahun cahaya .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Its one confirmed planet, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilon_Eridani_b&usg=ALkJrhgTicEtXFF0SR-S5OmhyW3LBXhKGg">Epsilon Eridani b</a> , is roughly 1.5 times Jupiter's mass and orbits its star every 6.9 years. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-100"><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><span>[</span> 101 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Its dikonfirmasi satu planet, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilon_Eridani_b&usg=ALkJrhgTicEtXFF0SR-S5OmhyW3LBXhKGg">Epsilon Eridani b</a> , kira-kira 1,5 kali massa Jupiter's dan mengorbit bintangnya setiap 6,9 tahun. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-100"><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><span>[101]</span></sup></a></span> </p><div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 99%; max-width: 1008px;"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow: auto;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg&usg=ALkJrhgReZmdMgxDMyXauGXF9jys1efvVw" class="image" title="Sebuah diagram lokasi kami di Supercluster Lokal. (Lihat juga lokasi bumi di alam semesta.)"><img alt="Serangkaian bintang lima peta yang menunjukkan dari kiri ke kanan lokasi kami di Tata Surya, di sekitar Matahari bintang, di daerah lokal galaksi Bima Sakti, di Grup Daerah galaksi, dan dalam Supercluster galaksi" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg/1000px-Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg" height="250" width="1000" /></a> </div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Universe_Reference_Map_%28Location%29_001.jpeg&usg=ALkJrhgReZmdMgxDMyXauGXF9jys1efvVw" title="Memperbesar"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Magnify-clip.png" height="11" width="15" /></a> </div> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A diagram of our location in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Supercluster&usg=ALkJrhhHOK_LoToGrdcdi72ngHATiMxOwg" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokal Supercluster">Local Supercluster</a> .</span> Sebuah diagram lokasi kami di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Supercluster&usg=ALkJrhhHOK_LoToGrdcdi72ngHATiMxOwg" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokal Supercluster">Supercluster Lokal</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">( <i>See also <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_%28JPEG%29.jpg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Earth's location in the Universe</a> .</i> )</span> <i>(Lihat juga <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth%27s_Location_in_the_Universe_%28JPEG%29.jpg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Teman-lokasi bumi di alam semesta</a> .)</i></span> </div></div></div><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Formation_and_evolution">Formation and evolution</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Formation_and_evolution">Formasi dan evolusi</span></span> </h2><div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 99%; max-width: 608px;"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow: auto;"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_Life_Cycle.svg&usg=ALkJrhgthY6J07rIUHRi13G7hACaVOHldg" class="image"><img alt="Proyeksi timeline hidup Matahari." src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Solar_Life_Cycle.svg/600px-Solar_Life_Cycle.svg.png" height="148" width="600" /></a> </div></div></div><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Main article: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhiGwOTOSgzpeAUNuktwBJjFw0J06g">Formation and evolution of the Solar System</a></span> Artikel utama: <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhiGwOTOSgzpeAUNuktwBJjFw0J06g">Pembentukan dan evolusi dari Tata Surya</a></span> </div><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Solar System formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud&usg=ALkJrhjHOzW643qa2eIik70EvIijkFtDyg">molecular cloud</a> 4.568 billion years ago. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-101"><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><span>[</span> 102 <span>]</span></sup></a> This initial cloud was likely several light-years across and probably birthed several stars. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Arizona-102"><sup id="cite_ref-Arizona_102-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 103 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Tata Surya terbentuk dari runtuhnya gravitasi raksasa <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud&usg=ALkJrhjHOzW643qa2eIik70EvIijkFtDyg">awan molekul</a> 4568000000 tahun yang lalu. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-101"><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><span>[102]</span></sup></a> awan awal ini mungkin beberapa tahun cahaya dan beberapa bintang mungkin melahirkan. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Arizona-102"><sup id="cite_ref-Arizona_102-0" class="reference"><span>[103]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">As the region that would become the Solar System, known as the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_nebula&usg=ALkJrhj0tBCLCxTu2Pe9GVXJX4tFK4s7Rg" title="Solar nebula" class="mw-redirect">pre-solar nebula</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-103"><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><span>[</span> 104 <span>]</span></sup></a> collapsed, conservation of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum&usg=ALkJrhi4BsveYuGMDBZzylmQQIlEUXAdWQ">angular momentum</a> made it rotate faster.</span> Sebagai daerah yang akan menjadi Tata Surya, yang dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_nebula&usg=ALkJrhj0tBCLCxTu2Pe9GVXJX4tFK4s7Rg" title="Solar nebula" class="mw-redirect">pre-solar nebula</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-103"><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><span>[104]</span></sup></a> runtuh, kekekalan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum&usg=ALkJrhi4BsveYuGMDBZzylmQQIlEUXAdWQ">momentum sudut</a> membuatnya berputar lebih cepat.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The centre, where most of the mass collected, became increasingly hotter than the surrounding disc. <sup id="cite_ref-Arizona_102-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Arizona-102"><span>[</span> 103 <span>]</span></a></sup> As the contracting nebula rotated, it began to flatten into a spinning <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disc&usg=ALkJrhjU0Jo8VuYvDaggwyTGvLU7LaIJsQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Protoplanetary disk">protoplanetary disc</a> with a diameter of roughly 200 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit&usg=ALkJrhhDNLn4gaCWc4wbhCKnGQ2JB372WA" title="Unit Astronomi">AU</a> <sup id="cite_ref-Arizona_102-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Arizona-102"><span>[</span> 103 <span>]</span></a></sup> and a hot, dense <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostar&usg=ALkJrhhB20UCvVjmecPMfc3_dLpUM2yM9w">protostar</a> at the centre. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-104"><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><span>[</span> 105 <span>]</span></sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-105"><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><span>[</span> 106 <span>]</span></sup></a> At this point in its <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_evolution&usg=ALkJrhg0h0dW077RCp5cMOqy0Y3ZVMBB6w" title="Stellar evolusi">evolution</a> , the Sun is believed to have been a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_Tauri_star&usg=ALkJrhiWRpDc7EOuVjdLsj3zifn8NbZylA">T Tauri star</a> .</span> Pusat, di mana sebagian besar massa yang dikumpulkan, menjadi semakin panas dari disc sekitarnya. <sup id="cite_ref-Arizona_102-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Arizona-102"><span>[103]</span></a></sup> Sebagai nebula kontraktor diputar, ia mulai meratakan ke berputar <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disc&usg=ALkJrhjU0Jo8VuYvDaggwyTGvLU7LaIJsQ" class="mw-redirect" title="Protoplanetary disk">cakram protoplanet</a> dengan diameter sekitar 200 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit&usg=ALkJrhhDNLn4gaCWc4wbhCKnGQ2JB372WA" title="Unit Astronomi">AU</a> <sup id="cite_ref-Arizona_102-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Arizona-102"><span>[103]</span></a></sup> dan panas, padat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protostar&usg=ALkJrhhB20UCvVjmecPMfc3_dLpUM2yM9w">Protobintang</a> di pusat. <span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-104"><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference">[105]</sup></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-105"><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference">[106]</sup></a></span> Pada titik ini melalui <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_evolution&usg=ALkJrhg0h0dW077RCp5cMOqy0Y3ZVMBB6w" title="Stellar evolusi">evolusi</a> , Matahari diyakini telah menjadi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_Tauri_star&usg=ALkJrhiWRpDc7EOuVjdLsj3zifn8NbZylA">bintang T Tauri</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Studies of T Tauri stars show that they are often accompanied by discs of pre-planetary matter with masses of 0.001–0.1 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_mass&usg=ALkJrhj6g2Tr-OOrHWyozrnJ4bcsPtmW-g" title="Massa matahari">solar masses</a> , with the vast majority of the mass of the nebula in the star itself. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Kitamara-106"><sup id="cite_ref-Kitamara_106-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 107 <span>]</span></sup></a> The planets formed by <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_%28astrophysics%29&usg=ALkJrhhOdrKyw-KhVNxkrbXNmP2PHJmKBg" title="Akresi (astrofisika)">accretion</a> from this disk. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-107"><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><span>[</span> 108 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Studi bintang T Tauri menunjukkan bahwa mereka sering disertai dengan cakram materi pra-planet dengan massa 0,001-,1 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_mass&usg=ALkJrhj6g2Tr-OOrHWyozrnJ4bcsPtmW-g" title="Massa matahari">massa matahari</a> , dengan sebagian besar massa nebula di bintang itu sendiri. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Kitamara-106"><sup id="cite_ref-Kitamara_106-0" class="reference"><span>[107]</span></sup></a> Planet-planet dibentuk oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_%28astrophysics%29&usg=ALkJrhhOdrKyw-KhVNxkrbXNmP2PHJmKBg" title="Akresi (astrofisika)">pertambahan</a> dari disk ini. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-107"><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><span>[108]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Within 50 million years, the pressure and density of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen&usg=ALkJrhhltjITkJKzGpkKgybFi9lRCUYKOw">hydrogen</a> in the centre of the protostar became great enough for it to begin <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion&usg=ALkJrhjlxsE1ccmyy77kNHChs995Ptw2XA" title="Fusi nuklir">thermonuclear fusion</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Yi2001-108"><sup id="cite_ref-Yi2001_108-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 109 <span>]</span></sup></a> The temperature, reaction rate, pressure, and density increased until <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium&usg=ALkJrhikFOJ-1wOC7lGwO_GnM-PnU_xAgQ">hydrostatic equilibrium</a> was achieved, with the thermal energy countering the force of gravitational contraction.</span> Dalam 50 juta tahun, tekanan dan densitas <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen&usg=ALkJrhhltjITkJKzGpkKgybFi9lRCUYKOw">hidrogen</a> di tengah Protobintang menjadi cukup besar untuk itu untuk mulai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion&usg=ALkJrhjlxsE1ccmyy77kNHChs995Ptw2XA" title="Fusi nuklir">fusi termonuklir</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Yi2001-108"><sup id="cite_ref-Yi2001_108-0" class="reference"><span>[109]</span></sup></a> Temperatur, laju reaksi, tekanan, dan kerapatan meningkat sampai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium&usg=ALkJrhikFOJ-1wOC7lGwO_GnM-PnU_xAgQ">kesetimbangan hidrostatik</a> dicapai, dengan termal energi melawan kekuatan kontraksi gravitasi.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">At this point the Sun became a full-fledged <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence&usg=ALkJrhgQ_F--QMFYkWJuUDFfTB72K9wfiQ">main sequence</a> star. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-109"><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><span>[</span> 110 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Pada titik ini Matahari menjadi penuh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence&usg=ALkJrhgQ_F--QMFYkWJuUDFfTB72K9wfiQ">deret utama</a> bintang. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-109"><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><span>[110]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Solar System as we know it today will last until the Sun begins its evolution off of the main sequence of the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzsprung%25E2%2580%2593Russell_diagram&usg=ALkJrhhzruShChrClsMe-bRULwFywRDH7Q">Hertzsprung–Russell diagram</a> .</span> Tata Surya seperti yang kita kenal sekarang akan berlangsung sampai Matahari mulai evolusi off dari urutan utama <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzsprung%25E2%2580%2593Russell_diagram&usg=ALkJrhhzruShChrClsMe-bRULwFywRDH7Q">-Russell diagram Hertzsprung</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">As the Sun burns through its supply of hydrogen fuel, the energy output supporting the core tends to decrease, causing it to collapse in on itself.</span> Seperti Matahari membakar melalui pasokan bahan bakar hidrogen, output energi mendukung inti cenderung menurun, menyebabkan itu runtuh ke dalam dirinya sendiri.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">This increase in pressure heats the core, so it burns even faster.</span> Peningkatan tekanan memanaskan inti, sehingga luka bakar lebih cepat.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">As a result, the Sun is growing brighter at a rate of roughly ten percent every 1.1 billion years. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-110"><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><span>[</span> 111 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Akibatnya, Matahari tumbuh cerah pada tingkat sekitar sepuluh persen setiap 1,1 miliar tahun. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-110"><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><span>[111]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Around 5.4 billion years from now, the hydrogen in the core of the Sun will have been entirely converted to helium, ending the main sequence phase.</span> Sekitar 5,4 miliar tahun dari sekarang, hidrogen di inti Matahari akan telah seluruhnya dikonversi menjadi helium, mengakhiri tahap deret utama.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">As the hydrogen reactions shut down, the core will contract further, increasing pressure and temperature, causing fusion to commence via the helium process.</span> Sebagai reaksi hidrogen ditutup, inti akan kontrak lebih lanjut, peningkatan tekanan dan temperatur, menyebabkan fusi untuk memulai melalui proses helium.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Helium in the core burns at a much hotter temperature, and the energy output will be much greater than during the hydrogen process.</span> Helium di inti luka bakar pada suhu panas banyak, dan output energi akan jauh lebih besar daripada selama proses hidrogen.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">At this time, the outer layers of the Sun will expand to roughly up to 260 times its current diameter; the Sun will become a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_giant&usg=ALkJrhjPm0qpEcBppTRhc9r_ss81qZhKmQ">red giant</a> .</span> Pada saat ini, lapisan luar Matahari akan diperluas ke sekitar sampai 260 kali diameter saat ini, matahari akan menjadi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_giant&usg=ALkJrhjPm0qpEcBppTRhc9r_ss81qZhKmQ">raksasa merah</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Because of its vastly increased surface area, the surface of the Sun will be considerably cooler than it is on the main sequence (2600 K at the coolest). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-111"><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><span>[</span> 112 <span>]</span></sup></a></span> Karena luas permukaan meningkat jauh nya, permukaan Matahari akan jauh lebih dingin daripada di urutan utama (2600 K di paling keren). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-111"><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><span>[112]</span></sup></a></span> </p><p> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Eventually, helium in the core will exhaust itself at a much faster rate than the hydrogen, and the Sun's helium burning phase will be but a fraction of the time compared to the hydrogen burning phase.</span> Akhirnya, helium dalam inti akan knalpot itu sendiri pada tingkat yang jauh lebih cepat daripada hidrogen, dan helium fase terbakar matahari akan tetapi sebagian kecil dari waktu dibandingkan dengan fase pembakaran hidrogen.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The Sun is not massive enough to commence fusion of heavier elements, and nuclear reactions in the core will dwindle.</span> Matahari tidak besar cukup untuk fusi dimulai dari elemen yang lebih berat, dan reaksi nuklir di inti akan menyusut.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Its outer layers will fall away into space, leaving a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf&usg=ALkJrhgkFkdnzLjAVpSO8wD2j_ePyfJlMw">white dwarf</a> , an extraordinarily dense object, half the original mass of the Sun but only the size of the Earth. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-112"><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><span>[</span> 113 <span>]</span></sup></a> The ejected outer layers will form what is known as a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula&usg=ALkJrhjuakrj8MpCVG8Dg-7SoACoCD6wsA">planetary nebula</a> , returning some of the material that formed the Sun to the interstellar medium.</span> lapisan luar Its akan jatuh jauh ke ruang angkasa, meninggalkan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf&usg=ALkJrhgkFkdnzLjAVpSO8wD2j_ePyfJlMw">kerdil putih</a> , sebuah objek padat luar biasa, setengah asli massa Matahari tetapi hanya ukuran Bumi. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-112"><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><span>[113]</span></sup></a> Lapisan luar dikeluarkan akan membentuk apa yang dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula&usg=ALkJrhjuakrj8MpCVG8Dg-7SoACoCD6wsA">planetary nebula</a> , kembali beberapa materi yang membentuk Matahari ke medium antarbintang.</span> </p><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">Lihat juga</span></span> </h2><table class="metadata mbox-small" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books&usg=ALkJrhhaL1UGe-JeaBTP--vMDoN_DK-qrg" title="Wikipedia: Buku"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" height="30" width="30" /></a> </td><td class="mbox-text" style=""> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhg_UPA8t-3N6_qI708NaY-6PfJqdQ" title="Buku: Tata Surya"><b><i>Book: Solar System</i></b></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhg_UPA8t-3N6_qI708NaY-6PfJqdQ" title="Buku: Tata Surya"><b><i>Buku: Tata Surya</i></b></a></span> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="mbox-text" style=""> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><small><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books&usg=ALkJrhhaL1UGe-JeaBTP--vMDoN_DK-qrg" title="Wikipedia: Buku">Wikipedia Books</a> are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.</small></span> <small><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books&usg=ALkJrhhaL1UGe-JeaBTP--vMDoN_DK-qrg" title="Wikipedia: Buku">Wikipedia Buku</a> adalah koleksi artikel yang dapat didownload atau dipesan di cetak.</small></span> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="noprint tright portal" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); margin: 0.5em 0pt 0.5em 0.5em;"><table style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(249, 249, 249); font-size: 85%; line-height: 110%; max-width: 175px;"><tbody><tr><td> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_system.jpg&usg=ALkJrhg0NbWMRgFiugYAh4KMEufhIxtpuw" class="image"><img alt="Solar system.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/22px-Solar_system.jpg" height="27" width="22" /></a> </td><td style="padding: 0pt 0.2em;"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhiDLrqjTH-E3UIRRs4Bv_fSZK217A" title="Portal: Tata Surya"><b><i>Solar System portal</i></b></a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhiDLrqjTH-E3UIRRs4Bv_fSZK217A" title="Portal: Tata Surya"><b><i>Tata Surya portal</i></b></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin: 0em 0em 1em 1em;"><tbody><tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(51, 221, 51); text-align: left;"><th> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Objects in the <strong class="selflink">Solar System</strong></span> Objek di <strong class="selflink">Tata Surya</strong></span> </th></tr><tr style="text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"><td><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">→ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects&usg=ALkJrhi_CecpUpdD1EF-40oQX0j4kENylw" title="Daftar obyek tata surya">by orbit</a></span> → <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects&usg=ALkJrhi_CecpUpdD1EF-40oQX0j4kENylw" title="Daftar obyek tata surya">oleh orbit</a></span> </dd><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">→ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size&usg=ALkJrhiU5kmmrl4DsQseSfEpEBJWVguBvA" title="Daftar obyek tata surya dengan ukuran">by size</a></span> → <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size&usg=ALkJrhiU5kmmrl4DsQseSfEpEBJWVguBvA" title="Daftar obyek tata surya dengan ukuran">dengan ukuran</a></span> </dd><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">→ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_discovery_of_Solar_System_planets_and_their_moons&usg=ALkJrhiiut6AGofTU6eoglw1TFxMJNmayg" title="Timeline penemuan planet tata surya dan bulan-bulan mereka">by discovery date</a></span> → <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_discovery_of_Solar_System_planets_and_their_moons&usg=ALkJrhiiut6AGofTU6eoglw1TFxMJNmayg" title="Timeline penemuan planet tata surya dan bulan-bulan mereka">menurut tanggal penemuan</a></span> </dd></dl></td></tr><tr style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(187, 255, 187); text-align: left;"><td> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Categories</span> Kategori</span> </td></tr><tr style="text-align: left; font-size: 90%;"><td><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">→ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gravitationally_rounded_objects_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhhb0W-225yDutmJiBS-qI65bhNRWA" title="Daftar gravitasi benda bulat Tata Surya">Round objects</a></span> → <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gravitationally_rounded_objects_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhhb0W-225yDutmJiBS-qI65bhNRWA" title="Daftar gravitasi benda bulat Tata Surya">Round objek</a></span> </dd><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">→ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites&usg=ALkJrhgG2j3Y4MP403Sstirf6c324eJiFw" title="Daftar satelit alami">moons</a></span> → <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites&usg=ALkJrhgG2j3Y4MP403Sstirf6c324eJiFw" title="Daftar satelit alami">bulan</a></span> </dd><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">→ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minor_planets&usg=ALkJrhio9sshGXiQNQCHDb0ujd_7bhMB5A" title="Daftar planet minor">minor planets</a></span> → <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minor_planets&usg=ALkJrhio9sshGXiQNQCHDb0ujd_7bhMB5A" title="Daftar planet minor">minor planet</a></span> </dd></dl></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_symbols&usg=ALkJrhiRXvb0G3nWnFbtDAqui2iAu7DkWA">Astronomical symbols</a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_symbols&usg=ALkJrhiRXvb0G3nWnFbtDAqui2iAu7DkWA">Astronomi simbol</a></span> </li><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geological_features_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhg44CRPU1dPB3kD6UItzFd-Jlznlg">List of geological features of the Solar System</a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geological_features_of_the_Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhg44CRPU1dPB3kD6UItzFd-Jlznlg">Daftar fitur geologi Tata Surya</a></span> </li><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_model_of_solar_system&usg=ALkJrhgyqCTcqkbTlcs3DtFuYEwQfYDkuw">Numerical model of solar system</a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_model_of_solar_system&usg=ALkJrhgyqCTcqkbTlcs3DtFuYEwQfYDkuw">Numerik model tata surya</a></span> </li><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orrery&usg=ALkJrhhnct9qBLAfovjRZrSyrWb0SJgb7A">Orrery</a> (Mechanical models of solar system)</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orrery&usg=ALkJrhhnct9qBLAfovjRZrSyrWb0SJgb7A">Rumah pertunjukan planit</a> (Mechanical model tata surya)</span> </li><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_mnemonic&usg=ALkJrhimxfORvu5aeAtmkQVf-1rJvADIkQ">Planetary mnemonic</a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_mnemonic&usg=ALkJrhimxfORvu5aeAtmkQVf-1rJvADIkQ">Planetary mnemonic</a></span> </li><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System_in_fiction&usg=ALkJrhhHxihzQ5VfmJgQoY_ziEroqfpAGg">Solar System in fiction</a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System_in_fiction&usg=ALkJrhhHxihzQ5VfmJgQoY_ziEroqfpAGg">Solar System dalam fiksi</a></span> </li><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_system_model&usg=ALkJrhinLZQzYXxMWWMyZBdBwuDziR_cKg">Solar system model</a></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_system_model&usg=ALkJrhinLZQzYXxMWWMyZBdBwuDziR_cKg">Solar model sistem</a></span> </li></ul><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Catatan</span></span> </h2><div class="refbegin references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em;"><ol type="a"><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><sup><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Anone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Anone"><b>^</b></span></a></sup> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalization&usg=ALkJrhhTQxLzrjQOf5Tu1uBA9WZgRbxi4w">Capitalization</a> of the name varies.</span> <sup><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Anone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Anone"><b>^</b></span></a></sup> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalization&usg=ALkJrhhTQxLzrjQOf5Tu1uBA9WZgRbxi4w">Kapitalisasi</a> nama bervariasi.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union&usg=ALkJrhij2lwTAQYOBhZw05u4zHxVWDlPHg" title="Persatuan Astronomi Internasional">IAU</a> , the authoritative body regarding astronomical nomenclature, specifies <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.iau.org/public_press/themes/naming/&usg=ALkJrhgTo40xv-ruaoI_OcQf0OctzAjgyw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">capitalizing the names of all individual astronomical objects</a> ( <b>Solar System</b> ).</span> The <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union&usg=ALkJrhij2lwTAQYOBhZw05u4zHxVWDlPHg" title="Persatuan Astronomi Internasional">IAU</a> , tubuh otoritatif tentang nomenklatur astronomi, menentukan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.iau.org/public_press/themes/naming/&usg=ALkJrhgTo40xv-ruaoI_OcQf0OctzAjgyw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">memanfaatkan nama semua obyek astronomi individu</a> <b>(Solar System).</b></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">However, the name is commonly rendered in lower case ( <b>solar system</b> ) - as, for example, in the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary&usg=ALkJrhj0D-60JCZHjJvVNduAyhOlZCR2zw"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></a> and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/solar%2520system&usg=ALkJrhjsm7inBChretCGAZA1J9CFNUst9w" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary</i></a></span> Namun, nama umumnya diberikan dalam huruf kecil <b>(tata surya)</b> - seperti, misalnya, di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary&usg=ALkJrhj0D-60JCZHjJvVNduAyhOlZCR2zw"><i>Oxford Inggris Kamus</i></a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/solar%2520system&usg=ALkJrhjsm7inBChretCGAZA1J9CFNUst9w" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>-11 Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary</i></a></span> </li><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Bnone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Bnone"><sup><b>^</b></sup></span></a> See <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites&usg=ALkJrhgG2j3Y4MP403Sstirf6c324eJiFw">List of natural satellites</a> for the full list of natural satellites of the eight planets and five dwarf planets.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Bnone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Bnone"><sup><b>^</b></sup></span></a> Lihat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites&usg=ALkJrhgG2j3Y4MP403Sstirf6c324eJiFw">Daftar satelit alami</a> untuk daftar lengkap satelit alami dari delapan planet dan lima planet kerdil.</span> </li><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Cnone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Cnone"><sup><b>^</b></sup></span></a> The mass of the Solar System excluding the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn can be determined by adding together all the calculated masses for its largest objects and using rough calculations for the masses of the Oort cloud (estimated at roughly 3 Earth masses), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-113"><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><span>[</span> 114 <span>]</span></sup></a> the Kuiper belt (estimated at roughly 0.1 Earth mass) <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets-64"><sup id="cite_ref-Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets_64-1" class="reference"><span>[</span> 65 <span>]</span></sup></a> and the asteroid belt (estimated to be 0.0005 Earth mass) <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Krasinsky2002-46"><sup id="cite_ref-Krasinsky2002_46-1" class="reference"><span>[</span> 47 <span>]</span></sup></a> for a total, rounded upwards, of ~37 Earth masses, or 8.1 percent the mass in orbit around the Sun.</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Cnone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Cnone"><sup><b>^</b></sup></span></a> Massa Tata Surya termasuk Matahari, Jupiter dan Saturnus dapat ditentukan dengan menambahkan bersama seluruh massa dihitung untuk objek terbesar dan menggunakan perhitungan kasar untuk massa dari awan Oort (diperkirakan sekitar 3 massa Bumi), <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-113"><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><span>[114 ]</span></sup></a> dengan Sabuk Kuiper (diperkirakan sekitar 0,1 massa Bumi) <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets-64"><sup id="cite_ref-Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets_64-1" class="reference"><span>[65]</span></sup></a> dan sabuk asteroid (diperkirakan akan 0,0005 massa Bumi) <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-Krasinsky2002-46"><sup id="cite_ref-Krasinsky2002_46-1" class="reference"><span>[47]</span></sup></a> untuk total, dibulatkan ke atas, dari ~ 37 massa Bumi, atau 8,1 persen massa di orbit mengelilingi matahari.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">With the combined masses of Uranus and Neptune (~31 Earth masses) subtracted, the remaining ~6 Earth masses of material comprise 1.3 percent of the total.</span> Dengan massa gabungan dari Uranus dan Neptunus (~ 31 massa Bumi) pengurangan, sisa ~ 6 massa Bumi bahan terdiri 1,3 persen dari total.</span> </li><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Dnone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Dnone"><sup><b>^</b></sup></span></a> Astronomers measure distances within the Solar System in <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit&usg=ALkJrhhDNLn4gaCWc4wbhCKnGQ2JB372WA" title="Unit Astronomi">astronomical units</a> (AU).</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Dnone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Dnone"><sup><b>^</b></sup></span></a> mengukur jarak astronom dalam Tata Surya dalam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit&usg=ALkJrhhDNLn4gaCWc4wbhCKnGQ2JB372WA" title="Unit Astronomi">satuan astronomi</a> (AU).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">One AU equals the average distance between the centers of Earth and the Sun, or 149,598,000 km.</span> Satu AU sama dengan jarak rata-rata antara pusat Bumi dan Matahari, atau 149.598.000 km.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Pluto is about 38 AU from the Sun and Jupiter is about 5.2 AU from the Sun.</span> Pluto adalah sekitar 38 AU dari Matahari dan Jupiter sekitar 5,2 AU dari Matahari.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">One <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year&usg=ALkJrhg3r91zutFZh1x0tHsH4jlx6Rh44g">light-year</a> is 63,240 AU.</span> Satu <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year&usg=ALkJrhg3r91zutFZh1x0tHsH4jlx6Rh44g">tahun cahaya</a> adalah 63.240 AU.</span> </li><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Enone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Enone"><sup><b>^</b></sup></span></a> According to <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet&usg=ALkJrhgntJLeCfcWb22XxQtSSfLHtXcgjQ" title="Definisi IAU planet">current definitions</a> , objects in orbit around the Sun are classed dynamically and physically into three categories: <i>planets</i> , <i>dwarf planets</i> and <i>small Solar System bodies</i> .</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Enone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Enone"><sup><b>^</b></sup></span></a> Menurut <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet&usg=ALkJrhgntJLeCfcWb22XxQtSSfLHtXcgjQ" title="Definisi IAU planet">definisi saat ini</a> , benda-benda di orbit sekitar Matahari yang digolongkan dinamis dan fisik ke dalam tiga kategori: <i>planet, planet katai</i> dan <i>kecil Tata Surya tubuh.</i></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet&usg=ALkJrhjaXWDzbCA2URnlSaLFvJexUHwtjA">planet</a> is any body in orbit around the Sun that has enough mass to form itself into a <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere&usg=ALkJrhgDDYyXa5QEhNCT3t6dqsC0WkiQyg" title="Bola">spherical</a> shape and has <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearing_the_neighbourhood&usg=ALkJrhjdS5dczuqRwbMIQodUERHZAQGPyQ" title="Kliring lingkungan">cleared its immediate neighbourhood</a> of all smaller objects.</span> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet&usg=ALkJrhjaXWDzbCA2URnlSaLFvJexUHwtjA">planet</a> adalah setiap badan di orbit sekitar Matahari yang memiliki cukup massa untuk membentuk dirinya menjadi sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere&usg=ALkJrhgDDYyXa5QEhNCT3t6dqsC0WkiQyg" title="Bola">bola</a> bentuk dan telah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearing_the_neighbourhood&usg=ALkJrhjdS5dczuqRwbMIQodUERHZAQGPyQ" title="Kliring lingkungan">membersihkan lingkungan terdekatnya</a> dari semua obyek yang lebih kecil.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">By this definition, the Solar System has eight known planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.</span> Dengan definisi ini, Tata Surya memiliki delapan planet dikenal: Merkurius, Venus, Bumi, Mars, Jupiter, Saturnus, Uranus, dan Neptunus.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">Pluto does not fit this definition, as it has not cleared its orbit of surrounding Kuiper belt objects. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-FinalResolution-114"><sup id="cite_ref-FinalResolution_114-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 115 <span>]</span></sup></a> A <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet&usg=ALkJrhgYPbwnOsrypfNnppdmXapFeeNsSQ">dwarf planet</a> is a celestial body orbiting the Sun that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity but has not cleared its neighbouring region of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetesimal&usg=ALkJrhjlN-8RtL4sbUcqme1jvXtwf1q3_Q" title="Planetesimal">planetesimals</a> and is not a satellite. <sup id="cite_ref-FinalResolution_114-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-FinalResolution-114"><span>[</span> 115 <span>]</span></a></sup> By this definition, the Solar System has five known dwarf planets: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-name-70"><sup id="cite_ref-name_70-1" class="reference"><span>[</span> 71 <span>]</span></sup></a> Other objects may be classified in the future as dwarf planets, such as <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90377_Sedna&usg=ALkJrhj5ty85WERqSaOagvsoZbmE6Lswyw" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90482_Orcus&usg=ALkJrhjyFbbEU63pKhvpCDCqgpMhjEVvNw" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a> , and <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50000_Quaoar&usg=ALkJrhgOmB60P-kFgB3sZYCZkD4zkeuFWA" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-115"><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><span>[</span> 116 <span>]</span></sup></a> Dwarf planets that orbit in the trans-Neptunian region are called " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutoid&usg=ALkJrhiYy3YdedjpCoJTRpZL7uHACbaxHw" title="Plutoid">plutoids</a> ". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-IAU0804-116"><sup id="cite_ref-IAU0804_116-0" class="reference"><span>[</span> 117 <span>]</span></sup></a> The remainder of the objects in orbit around the Sun are <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body&usg=ALkJrhhEEZgyPppOzfVjs8jLKTz7A7RVBw" title="Kecil Tata Surya tubuh">small Solar System bodies</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-FinalResolution_114-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-FinalResolution-114"><span>[</span> 115 <span>]</span></a></sup></span> Pluto tidak sesuai dengan definisi ini, karena belum dibersihkan orbitnya dari Sabuk Kuiper benda di sekitarnya. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-FinalResolution-114"><sup id="cite_ref-FinalResolution_114-0" class="reference"><span>[115]</span></sup></a> Sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet&usg=ALkJrhgYPbwnOsrypfNnppdmXapFeeNsSQ">planet kerdil</a> adalah benda angkasa yang mengorbit Matahari yang cukup besar akan dibulatkan oleh gravitasinya sendiri tapi belum dibersihkan tetangganya wilayah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetesimal&usg=ALkJrhjlN-8RtL4sbUcqme1jvXtwf1q3_Q" title="Planetesimal">planetesimal</a> bukan. satelit dan <sup id="cite_ref-FinalResolution_114-1" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-FinalResolution-114"><span>[115]</span></a></sup> Dengan definisi ini, tata surya memiliki lima planet kerdil dikenal: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, dan Eris. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-name-70"><sup id="cite_ref-name_70-1" class="reference"><span>[71]</span></sup></a> objek lainnya dapat diklasifikasikan di masa depan sebagai planet kerdil , seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90377_Sedna&usg=ALkJrhj5ty85WERqSaOagvsoZbmE6Lswyw" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/90482_Orcus&usg=ALkJrhjyFbbEU63pKhvpCDCqgpMhjEVvNw" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50000_Quaoar&usg=ALkJrhgOmB60P-kFgB3sZYCZkD4zkeuFWA" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-115"><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><span>[116]</span></sup></a> Dwarf planet yang mengorbit di wilayah trans-Neptunus disebut " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutoid&usg=ALkJrhiYy3YdedjpCoJTRpZL7uHACbaxHw" title="Plutoid">plutoids</a> ". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-IAU0804-116"><sup id="cite_ref-IAU0804_116-0" class="reference"><span>[117]</span></sup></a> Sisa dari obyek di orbit sekitar Matahari yang <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body&usg=ALkJrhhEEZgyPppOzfVjs8jLKTz7A7RVBw" title="Kecil Tata Surya tubuh">kecil Tata Surya tubuh</a> . <sup id="cite_ref-FinalResolution_114-2" class="reference"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-FinalResolution-114"><span>[115 ]</span></a></sup></span> </li><li> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Fnone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Fnone"><sup><b>^</b></sup></span></a> If ψ is the angle between the <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic_pole&usg=ALkJrhj30OaFT6dDz_yqFlwq0A4-VDlBtw" title="Ekliptik tiang">north pole of the ecliptic</a> and the north <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_pole&usg=ALkJrhgncm2qixhDQtL87cIxA-no3JZw1g" class="mw-redirect" title="Galactic tiang">galactic pole</a> then:</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#ref_Fnone"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Fnone"><sup><b>^</b></sup></span></a> Jika ψ adalah sudut antara <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic_pole&usg=ALkJrhj30OaFT6dDz_yqFlwq0A4-VDlBtw" title="Ekliptik tiang">kutub utara ekliptika</a> dan utara <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_pole&usg=ALkJrhgncm2qixhDQtL87cIxA-no3JZw1g" class="mw-redirect" title="Galactic tiang">kutub galaksi</a> maka:</span> <dl><dd><dl><dd> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="texhtml">cosψ = cos(β <sub><i>g</i></sub> )cos(β <sub><i>e</i></sub> )cos(α <sub><i>g</i></sub> − α <sub><i>e</i></sub> ) + sin(β <sub><i>g</i></sub> )sin(β <sub><i>e</i></sub> )</span> ,</span> <span class="texhtml">cosψ = cos (β <sub><i>g)</i></sub> cos (β <sub><i>e)</i></sub> cos (α <sub><i>g</i></sub> - α <sub><i>e)</i></sub> + sin (β <sub><i>g)</i></sub> sin (β <sub><i>e),</i></sub></span></span> </dd></dl></dd></dl> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">where <span class="texhtml">β <sub><i>g</i></sub> =</span> 27° 07′ 42.01″ and <span class="texhtml">α <sub><i>g</i></sub> =</span> 12h 51m 26.282 are the declination and right ascension of the north galactic pole, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-117"><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><span>[</span> 118 <span>]</span></sup></a> while <span class="texhtml">β <sub><i>e</i></sub> =</span> 66° 33′ 38.6″ and <span class="texhtml">α <sub><i>e</i></sub> =</span> 18h 0m 00 are those for the north pole of the ecliptic.</span> dimana <span class="texhtml">β <sub><i>g</i></sub> =</span> 27 ° 07 '42.01 "dan <span class="texhtml"><sub><i>g</i></sub> α =</span> 12h 51m 26,282 adalah dan hak kenaikan deklinasi dari galaksi kutub utara, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_note-117"><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><span>[118]</span></sup></a> sedangkan <span class="texhtml">β <sub><i>e</i></sub> =</span> 66 ° 33 '38,6 "dan <span class="texhtml"><sub><i>e</i></sub> α =</span> 18h 0m 00 adalah mereka untuk kutub utara ekliptika.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">(Both pairs of coordinates are for <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J2000&usg=ALkJrhijGIFsmI5aDvZM2eMuzZClIvcjSw" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000">J2000</a> epoch.) The result of the calculation is 60.19°.</span> (Kedua pasang koordinat adalah untuk <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J2000&usg=ALkJrhijGIFsmI5aDvZM2eMuzZClIvcjSw" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000">J2000</a> zaman.) Hasil perhitungan adalah 60,19 °.</span> </li></ol></div><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">Referensi</span></span> </h2><div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"><li id="cite_note-0"><span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">WC Rufus (1923).</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">WC Rufus (1923).</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation Journal">"The astronomical system of Copernicus". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Astronomy_%28US_magazine%29&usg=ALkJrhhSvCxGp-wgT3pOxHKSn-j9FUqx7A" title="Populer Astronomi (US majalah)"><i>Popular Astronomy</i></a> <b>31</b> : 510. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1923PA.....31..510R" class="external text" rel="nofollow">1923PA.....31..510R</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation Journal">"Sistem astronomi Copernicus". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Astronomy_%28US_magazine%29&usg=ALkJrhhSvCxGp-wgT3pOxHKSn-j9FUqx7A" title="Populer Astronomi (US majalah)"><i>Populer Astronomi</i></a> <b>31:</b> 510. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1923PA.....31..510R" class="external text" rel="nofollow">1923PA ..... 31 .. 510R</a> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Amtx% 3Ajournal & rft.genre = artikel & rft.atitle = The + astronomi + sistem + dari + Copernicus & rft.jtitle =% 5B% 5BPopular + Astronomi + 28US% + majalah% 29 5D%% 7CPopular + Astronomi 5D% & rft.aulast = WC + Rufus & rft.au = WC + Rufus & rft.date = 1923 & rft.volume = 31 & rft.pages = 510 & rft_id = info: bibcode/1923PA.....31..510R & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-1"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">M Woolfson (2000).</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">M Woolfson (2000).</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation Journal">"The origin and evolution of the solar system". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy_%2526_Geophysics&usg=ALkJrhhsLD8446HJHnMypvs7zG0gwZCuJw"><i>Astronomy & Geophysics</i></a> <b>41</b> (1): 1.12. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1468-4004.2000.00012.x" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.00012.x</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation Journal">"Asal usul dan evolusi tata surya". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy_%2526_Geophysics&usg=ALkJrhhsLD8446HJHnMypvs7zG0gwZCuJw"><i>Astronomi & Geofisika</i></a> <b>41</b> (1):. 1,12 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">DOI</a> : <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1468-4004.2000.00012.x" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.00012.x</a> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Amtx% 3Ajournal & rft.genre = artikel & rft.atitle = The + asal + dan + evolusi + dari + yang + solar + sistem & rft.jtitle =% 5B% 5BAstronomy +% 26 + 5D% 5D% Geofisika & rft.aulast = M + Woolfson & rft.au = M + Woolfson & rft.date = 2000 & rft.volume = 41 & rft.issue = 1 & rft.pages = 1,12 & rft_id = info: doi/10.1046% 2Fj.1468-4004.2000.00012. x & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-2"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web">Harold F. 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text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web">nineplanets.org. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.nineplanets.org/overview.html&usg=ALkJrhhO7gLThaP6SSxCtSTziD75a-VbRQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"An Overview of the Solar System"</a> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.nineplanets.org/overview.html&usg=ALkJrhhO7gLThaP6SSxCtSTziD75a-VbRQ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.nineplanets.org/overview.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web">nineplanets.org. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.nineplanets.org/overview.html&usg=ALkJrhhO7gLThaP6SSxCtSTziD75a-VbRQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Sebuah Tinjauan dari Tata Surya"</a> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.nineplanets.org/overview.html&usg=ALkJrhhO7gLThaP6SSxCtSTziD75a-VbRQ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.nineplanets.org/overview.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; 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(1995).</span></span> ^ <sup><i><b><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak1995_7-0">a</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak1995_7-1">b</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak1995_7-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <span class="citation Journal">Podolak, M.; Weizman, A.; Marley, M. (1995).</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation Journal">"Comparative models of Uranus and Neptune". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DPlanetary_%2526_Space_Sciences%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&usg=ALkJrhhIt2aVK5T9xNY-m3653tiazIeyXQ" class="new" title="Planetary & Space Sciences (halaman tidak ada)"><i>Planetary & Space Sciences</i></a> <b>43</b> (12): 1517–1522. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995P%26SS...43.1517P&usg=ALkJrhgHwg8FWNBh90j7jJDBG-_TAe43lw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">1995P&SS...43.1517P</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%252F0032-0633%2895%2900061-5&usg=ALkJrhjdn2cNrkt1IOuQP5ZG2ByM-A7mCQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1016/0032-0633(95)00061-5</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation Journal">"Model Perbandingan Uranus dan Neptunus". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DPlanetary_%2526_Space_Sciences%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&usg=ALkJrhhIt2aVK5T9xNY-m3653tiazIeyXQ" class="new" title="Planetary & Space Sciences (halaman tidak ada)"><i>Planetary & Space Sciences</i></a> <b>43</b> (12): 1517-1522. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995P%26SS...43.1517P&usg=ALkJrhgHwg8FWNBh90j7jJDBG-_TAe43lw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">1995P & SS ... 43.1517P</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">DOI</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%252F0032-0633%2895%2900061-5&usg=ALkJrhjdn2cNrkt1IOuQP5ZG2ByM-A7mCQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1016/0032-0633 (95) 00061-5</a> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Amtx% 3Ajournal & rft.genre = artikel & rft.atitle = Perbandingan + model + dari + Uranus + dan + Neptunus & rft.jtitle =% 5B% 5BPlanetary +% 26 + Spasi + Ilmu Pengetahuan % 5D% 5D & rft.aulast = Podolak & rft.aufirst = M. & rft.au = Podolak% 2C% 3BM 2332% 26% & rft.date. = 1995 & rft.volume = 43 & rft.issue = 12 & rft.pages =% E2% 80% 1517 931522 & rft_id = info: bibcode/1995P% 26SS ... 43.1517P & rft_id = info: doi/10.1016% 2F0032-0633% 2895% 2900061-5 & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-Podolak2000-8"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">^ <sup><i><b><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-0">a</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-1">b</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-2">c</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-3">d</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <span class="citation Journal">Podolak, M.; Podolak, JI; Marley, MS (2000).</span></span> ^ <sup><i><b><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-0">a</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-1">b</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-2">c</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-3">d</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Podolak2000_8-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <span class="citation Journal">Podolak, M.; Podolak, JI; Marley, MS (2000).</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation Journal">"Further investigations of random models of Uranus and Neptune". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DPlanetary_%2526_Spaces_Sciences%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&usg=ALkJrhjdLZKMF8pawA4JFa3tIu_79RThIw" class="new" title="Planetary & Ruang Ilmu (halaman tidak ada)"><i>Planetary & Spaces Sciences</i></a> <b>48</b> (2–3): 143–151. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000P&SS...48..143P" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2000P&SS...48..143P</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%252FS0032-0633%2899%2900088-4&usg=ALkJrhjy3UUxICIUImx94ls0HB28rvsaIA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1016/S0032-0633(99)00088-4</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation Journal">"Investigasi lebih lanjut model acak Uranus dan Neptunus". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DPlanetary_%2526_Spaces_Sciences%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&usg=ALkJrhjdLZKMF8pawA4JFa3tIu_79RThIw" class="new" title="Planetary & Ruang Ilmu (halaman tidak ada)"><i>Planetary & Ruang Ilmu</i></a> <b>48</b> (2-3): 143-151. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000P&SS...48..143P" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2000P & SS ... 48 .. 143P</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">DOI</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%252FS0032-0633%2899%2900088-4&usg=ALkJrhjy3UUxICIUImx94ls0HB28rvsaIA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1016/S0032-0633 (99) 00088-4</a> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Amtx% 3Ajournal & rft.genre = artikel & rft.atitle = lebih lanjut + penyelidikan + dari + acak + model + dari + Uranus + dan + Neptunus & rft.jtitle =% 5B% 5BPlanetary + % 26 + Spasi + Ilmu% 5D% 5D & rft.aulast = Podolak & rft.aufirst = M. & rft.au = Podolak% 2C% 2332% 3BM 26% & rft.date. = 2000 & rft.volume = 48 & rft.issue = 2% E2% 80 % 933 & rft.pages =% E2% 80% 143 93151 & rft_id = info: 26SS bibcode/2000P% ... 48 .. 143P & rft_id = info: doi/10.1016% 2FS0032-0633% 2899% 2900088-4 & rfr_id = info: sid / en. wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-zeilik-9"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-zeilik_9-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">Michael Zellik (2002). <i>Astronomy: The Evolving Universe</i> (9th ed.). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press&usg=ALkJrhiL4OSBxQqpYIEYoG5vJS2KpEAfUA">Cambridge University Press</a> .</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-zeilik_9-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">Michael Zellik <i>(2002):. Astronomi Semesta Berkembang</i> (9 ed.). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press&usg=ALkJrhiL4OSBxQqpYIEYoG5vJS2KpEAfUA">Cambridge University Press</a> .</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation book">p.</span></span> <span class="citation book">p.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation book">240. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number&usg=ALkJrhhvg3Ezr49jp3z292RCwoCMMU8qpQ" title="Nomor Buku Standar Internasional">ISBN</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521800900&usg=ALkJrhjwGyrmCPLL3_ZmO6tufsWBXosM2g" title="Khusus: BookSources/0521800900">0521800900</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center&usg=ALkJrhiOVPo_Bi0U6iLOEH1k28hv5OZogw" title="Online Perpustakaan Pusat Komputer">OCLC</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/223304585&usg=ALkJrhhQLcNlbgjy2fhw8C6CAu2eHdiDrg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">46685453 223304585 46685453</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation book">240. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number&usg=ALkJrhhvg3Ezr49jp3z292RCwoCMMU8qpQ" title="Nomor Buku Standar Internasional">ISBN</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521800900&usg=ALkJrhjwGyrmCPLL3_ZmO6tufsWBXosM2g" title="Khusus: BookSources/0521800900">0521800900</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center&usg=ALkJrhiOVPo_Bi0U6iLOEH1k28hv5OZogw" title="Online Perpustakaan Pusat Komputer">OCLC</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/223304585&usg=ALkJrhhQLcNlbgjy2fhw8C6CAu2eHdiDrg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">46.685.453 223.304.585 46.685.453</a> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Abook 3Amtx% & rft.genre = buku & rft.btitle = Astronomi 3A% + The + Berkembang + Universe & rft.aulast = Michael + Zellik & rft.au = Michael + Zellik & rft.date = 2002 & rft.pages = p.% 26nbsp% 3B240 & rft.edition = 9 & rft.pub =% 5B% 5BCambridge + Universitas + 5D% 5D% Tekan & rft.isbn = 0521800900 & rft_id = info: oclcnum/223304585 46685453 & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia. org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-Placxo-10"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Placxo_10-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">Placxo, Kevin W.; Gross, Michael (2006). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://books.google.com/%3Fid%3D2JuGDL144BEC%26pg%3DPA66%26dq%3Dinventory%2Bvolatiles%2Bhydrogen%26q%3Dinventory%2520volatiles%2520hydrogen&usg=ALkJrhiNH-1Zmap44k-Pxd_ITK9vlQuF1A" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Astrobiology: a brief introduction</i></a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JHU_Press&usg=ALkJrhhndB3CZbLvvONsI5YuxK54gZPE0g" class="mw-redirect" title="JHU Tekan">JHU Press</a> .</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Placxo_10-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">Placxo, Kevin W.; Bruto, Michael (2006). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://books.google.com/%3Fid%3D2JuGDL144BEC%26pg%3DPA66%26dq%3Dinventory%2Bvolatiles%2Bhydrogen%26q%3Dinventory%2520volatiles%2520hydrogen&usg=ALkJrhiNH-1Zmap44k-Pxd_ITK9vlQuF1A" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Astrobiology: pengantar singkat</i></a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JHU_Press&usg=ALkJrhhndB3CZbLvvONsI5YuxK54gZPE0g" class="mw-redirect" title="JHU Tekan">JHU Press</a> .</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation book">p.</span></span> <span class="citation book">p.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation book">66. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number&usg=ALkJrhhvg3Ezr49jp3z292RCwoCMMU8qpQ" title="Nomor Buku Standar Internasional">ISBN</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801883675&usg=ALkJrhiLrkJ3bvESjyZBsRI5dUDf96LVPg" title="Khusus: BookSources/9780801883675">9780801883675</a> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://books.google.com/%3Fid%3D2JuGDL144BEC%26pg%3DPA66%26dq%3Dinventory%2Bvolatiles%2Bhydrogen%26q%3Dinventory%2520volatiles%2520hydrogen&usg=ALkJrhiNH-1Zmap44k-Pxd_ITK9vlQuF1A" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/?id=2JuGDL144BEC&pg=PA66&dq=inventory+volatiles+hydrogen&q=inventory%20volatiles%20hydrogen</a></span> .</span></span> <span class="citation book">66. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number&usg=ALkJrhhvg3Ezr49jp3z292RCwoCMMU8qpQ" title="Nomor Buku Standar Internasional">ISBN</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801883675&usg=ALkJrhiLrkJ3bvESjyZBsRI5dUDf96LVPg" title="Khusus: BookSources/9780801883675">9780801883675</a> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://books.google.com/%3Fid%3D2JuGDL144BEC%26pg%3DPA66%26dq%3Dinventory%2Bvolatiles%2Bhydrogen%26q%3Dinventory%2520volatiles%2520hydrogen&usg=ALkJrhiNH-1Zmap44k-Pxd_ITK9vlQuF1A" class="external free" rel="nofollow">20hydrogen http://books.google.com/?id=2JuGDL144BEC&pg=PA66&dq=inventory+volatiles+hydrogen&q=inventory%% 20volatiles</a></span> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Abook 3Amtx% & rft.genre = buku & rft.btitle = Astrobiology 3A% + a + singkat + pengenalan & rft.aulast = Placxo & rft.aufirst = Kevin + W. & rft.au = Placxo% 2C% 26% 2332% 3BKevin + W. & rft.date = 2006 & rft.pages = p. 3B66%% 26nbsp & rft.pub = 5D%% 5B% 5BJHU + Tekan 5D% & rft.isbn = 9780801883675 & rft_id = http% 3A% 2F% 2Fbooks.google.com% 2F% 3Fid% 3D2JuGDL144BEC% 26pg% 3DPA66% 26dq% 3Dinventory% 2Bvolatiles% 2Bhydrogen% 3Dinventory% 26q% 2520volatiles% 2520hydrogen & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-11"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20080102034758/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm%3FObject%3DSun%26Display%3DFacts%26System%3DMetric&usg=ALkJrhhNLtpBO8wZYMZgyBWyMekxthXPQQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Sun: Facts & Figures"</a> .</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20080102034758/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm%3FObject%3DSun%26Display%3DFacts%26System%3DMetric&usg=ALkJrhhNLtpBO8wZYMZgyBWyMekxthXPQQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Sun: Fakta & Angka"</a> .</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web">NASA.</span></span> <span class="citation web">NASA.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web">Archived from <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm%3FObject%3DSun%26Display%3DFacts%26System%3DMetric&usg=ALkJrhg1sAHfTETT_DfNXDQo87YX0CoIbA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on 2008-01-02 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20080102034758/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm%3FObject%3DSun%26Display%3DFacts%26System%3DMetric&usg=ALkJrhhNLtpBO8wZYMZgyBWyMekxthXPQQ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20080102034758/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun&Display=Facts&System=Metric</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span></span> <span class="citation web">Diarsipkan dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm%3FObject%3DSun%26Display%3DFacts%26System%3DMetric&usg=ALkJrhg1sAHfTETT_DfNXDQo87YX0CoIbA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">aslinya</a> pada <span class="printonly">2008/01/02. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20080102034758/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm%3FObject%3DSun%26Display%3DFacts%26System%3DMetric&usg=ALkJrhhNLtpBO8wZYMZgyBWyMekxthXPQQ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20080102034758/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sun&Display=Facts&System=Metric</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2009-05-14</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2009/05/14.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Abook 3Amtx% & rft.genre = bookitem & rft.btitle 3A = Sun% + Fakta +% 26 + Angka & rft.atitle = & rft.pub = NASA & rft_id = http% 3A% 2F% 2Fweb.archive.org% 2Fweb% 2F20080102034758% 2Fhttp% 3A% 2F% 2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov% 2Fplanets% 2Fprofile.cfm% 3FObject% 3DSun% 26Display% 3DFacts% 26System% 3DMetric & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-12"><span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">Zirker, Jack B. (2002). <i>Journey from the Center of the Sun</i> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press&usg=ALkJrhjAJO2UuFcZXmbFLizGvhJM5DlkDA">Princeton University Press</a> .</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">Zirker, Jack B. (2002).. <i>Perjalanan dari Pusat Matahari</i> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press&usg=ALkJrhjAJO2UuFcZXmbFLizGvhJM5DlkDA">Princeton University Press</a> .</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation book">pp. 120–127. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number&usg=ALkJrhhvg3Ezr49jp3z292RCwoCMMU8qpQ" title="Nomor Buku Standar Internasional">ISBN</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691057811&usg=ALkJrhiHD4WAHvYNl0hVDiPL4XgRsBNlDQ" title="Khusus: BookSources/9780691057811">9780691057811</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation book">hal 120-127. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number&usg=ALkJrhhvg3Ezr49jp3z292RCwoCMMU8qpQ" title="Nomor Buku Standar Internasional">ISBN</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691057811&usg=ALkJrhiHD4WAHvYNl0hVDiPL4XgRsBNlDQ" title="Khusus: BookSources/9780691057811">9780691057811</a> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Amtx% 3Abook & rft.genre = buku & rft.btitle = Perjalanan + dari + yang + Pusat + dari + tombol + Matahari & rft.aulast = Zirker & rft.aufirst = Jack + B. & rft.au = Zirker% 2C% 26% 2332% 3BJack + B. & rft.date = 2002 & rft.pages = hlm% 26nbsp% 3B120% E2% 80% 93127 & rft.pub =% 5B% 5BPrinceton + Universitas + Press% 5D% 5D & rft.isbn = 9780691057811 & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-13"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2085/why-is-visible-light-visible-but-not-other-parts-of-the-spectrum&usg=ALkJrhh917_yZ6JVchXNmkwqYUo9sT8zgA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Why is visible light visible, but not other parts of the spectrum?"</a> .</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2085/why-is-visible-light-visible-but-not-other-parts-of-the-spectrum&usg=ALkJrhh917_yZ6JVchXNmkwqYUo9sT8zgA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Mengapa cahaya tampak terlihat, tetapi tidak bagian lain dari spektrum?"</a> .</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web">The Straight Dome.</span></span> <span class="citation web">Kubah Straight.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web">2003 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2085/why-is-visible-light-visible-but-not-other-parts-of-the-spectrum&usg=ALkJrhh917_yZ6JVchXNmkwqYUo9sT8zgA" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2085/why-is-visible-light-visible-but-not-other-parts-of-the-spectrum</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span></span> <span class="citation web"><span class="printonly">2003. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2085/why-is-visible-light-visible-but-not-other-parts-of-the-spectrum&usg=ALkJrhh917_yZ6JVchXNmkwqYUo9sT8zgA" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2085/why-is-visible-light-visible-but-not-other-parts-of-the-spectrum</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2009-05-14</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2009/05/14.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Abook 3Amtx% & rft.genre = bookitem & rft.btitle = Mengapa + adalah + terlihat + cahaya + terlihat% 2C + tapi + tidak + lain + bagian + dari + tombol + 3F% spektrum & rft.atitle = & rft.date = 2003 & rft.pub = The + Lurus + Dome & rft_id = http% 3A% 2F% 2Fwww.straightdope.com% 2Fcolumns% 2Fread% 2F2085% 2Fwhy-yang-terlihat-cahaya-tampak-tapi- tidak-lain-bagian-dari-spektrum-& rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-sun-14"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;">^ <sup><i><b><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-sun_14-0">a</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-sun_14-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <span class="citation news">Than, Ker (January 30, 2006). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060130_mm_single_stars.html&usg=ALkJrhhOVmodc4szGHPh3soV1kqofEoyvg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Astronomers Had it Wrong: Most Stars are Single"</a> .</span></span> ^ <sup><i><b><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-sun_14-0">a</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-sun_14-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <span class="citation news">, Ker (30 Januari 2006). Dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060130_mm_single_stars.html&usg=ALkJrhhOVmodc4szGHPh3soV1kqofEoyvg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Apakah Astronom itu Salah: Bintang Kebanyakan Single"</a> .</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation news">SPACE.com <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060130_mm_single_stars.html&usg=ALkJrhhOVmodc4szGHPh3soV1kqofEoyvg" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060130_mm_single_stars.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span></span> <span class="citation news"><span class="printonly">SPACE.com. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060130_mm_single_stars.html&usg=ALkJrhhOVmodc4szGHPh3soV1kqofEoyvg" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060130_mm_single_stars.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation news"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2007-08-01</span> .</span></span> <span class="citation news"><span class="reference-accessdate">Diperoleh 2007/08/01.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Abook 3Amtx% & rft.genre = bookitem & rft.btitle = astronom + Apakah + itu + 3A% salah + Paling + Bintang + adalah + Single & rft.atitle = & rft.aulast = Than & rft.aufirst = Ker & rft.au = Than% 2C% 26% 2332% 3BKer & rft.date = Januari +30% 2C 2006 & rft.pub = SPACE.com & rft_id = http% 3A% 2F% 2Fwww.space.com% 2F060130_mm_single_stars 2Fscienceastronomy%. html & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-15"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">Smart, RL; Carollo, D.; Lattanzi, MG; McLean, B.; Spagna, A. 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Steele. <i>Ultracool Dwarfs: New Spectral Types L and T</i> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_%28publisher%29&usg=ALkJrhhxtFdQTtPxEzsPlpB0ghChfUIqLQ" title="Springer (penerbit)" class="mw-redirect">Springer</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation book">Hugh dan Jones RA Iain A. Steele. Dalam <i>Ultracool Kurcaci: Spektral Jenis L Baru dan T.</i> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_%28publisher%29&usg=ALkJrhhxtFdQTtPxEzsPlpB0ghChfUIqLQ" title="Springer (penerbit)" class="mw-redirect">Springer</a> .</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation book">pp. 119. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001udns.conf..119S" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2001udns.conf..119S</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation book">119 hlm. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001udns.conf..119S" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2001udns.conf .. 119S</a> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Abook 3Amtx% & rft.genre = bookitem & rft.btitle = The + Kedua + Panduan + Star + Katalog + dan + Keren + Bintang & rft.atitle = Ultracool + Kurcaci 3A% + Baru + spektral + Jenis + L + dan + T & rft.aulast = Smart% 2C + R. + 3B% L. + Carollo% 3B% 2C + D. + Lattanzi% 2C + M. + G. 3B% 2C + McLean% + 3B% B. + Spagna% 2C + A. & = rft.au Smart% 2C + R. + L. 3B% + Carollo% 2C + D. 3B% + Lattanzi% 2C + M. + G. 3B% + McLean % 3B% 2C + B. + Spagna% 2C + A. & rft.date = 2001 & rft.pages = hlm% 3B119% 26nbsp & rft.pub =% 5B% 5BSpringer + 28publisher% 5D% 5D% 29% 7CSpringer% & rft_id = info: bibcode / 2001udns.conf .. 119S & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-16"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">Nir J. Shaviv (2003).</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-16"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">Nir J. Shaviv (2003).</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation Journal">"Towards a Solution to the Early Faint Sun Paradox: A Lower Cosmic Ray Flux from a Stronger Solar Wind". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Geophysical_Research&usg=ALkJrhijmgIZQxXu--QN0WqdENDzAdtReA"><i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i></a> <b>108</b> (A12): 1437. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv&usg=ALkJrhjdTeYNKD7opA61h-I_BzJohl50rg">arXiv</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://arxiv.org/abs/astroph/0306477&usg=ALkJrhigAnb_oYfvuvs2sgxy7nGq-B8hiQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">astroph/0306477</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029%252F2003JA009997&usg=ALkJrhiKTnLjws-jWA_qk0O0v51Bgz-d-g" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1029/2003JA009997</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation Journal">"Menuju Solusi Awal Faint Sun Paradox: A Lower Cosmic Ray Flux dari kuat Solar Wind". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Geophysical_Research&usg=ALkJrhijmgIZQxXu--QN0WqdENDzAdtReA"><i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i></a> <b>108</b> (A12):. 1437 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv&usg=ALkJrhjdTeYNKD7opA61h-I_BzJohl50rg">arXiv</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://arxiv.org/abs/astroph/0306477&usg=ALkJrhigAnb_oYfvuvs2sgxy7nGq-B8hiQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">astroph/0306477</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">DOI</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029%252F2003JA009997&usg=ALkJrhiKTnLjws-jWA_qk0O0v51Bgz-d-g" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1029/2003JA009997</a> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Amtx% 3Ajournal & rft.genre = artikel & rft.atitle = Menuju + a + Solusi + untuk + di + Awal + Faint + Sun + Paradox 3A% + A + Bawah + Cosmic + Ray + Flux + dari + sebuah + kuat + Solar + Angin & rft.jtitle =% 5B% 5BJournal + dari + Geofisika + 5D% 5D% Riset & rft.aulast = Nir + J. + Shaviv & rft.au = Nir + J. + Shaviv & RFT tanggal = 2003 & rft.volume = 108 & rft.issue = A12 & rft.pages = 1437 & rft_id = info:. arxiv /% astroph 2F0306477 & rft_id = info: doi/10.1029% 2F2003JA009997 & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-17"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">TS van Albada, Norman Baker (1973).</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-17"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">TS van Albada, Norman Baker (1973).</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation Journal">"On the Two Oosterhoff Groups of Globular Clusters". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysical_Journal&usg=ALkJrhhRTbn8x0o7KlMhYiXP7d_cGvJpYw" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrophysical Journal"><i>Astrophysical Journal</i></a> <b>185</b> : 477–498. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086%252F152434&usg=ALkJrhhAa2vV1GwBdYYigEk9fX8E3OR90A" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1086/152434</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation Journal">"Pada Dua Grup Oosterhoff dari gugus bola". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysical_Journal&usg=ALkJrhhRTbn8x0o7KlMhYiXP7d_cGvJpYw" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrophysical Journal"><i>Astrophysical Journal</i></a> <b>185:</b> 477-498. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">DOI</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086%252F152434&usg=ALkJrhhAa2vV1GwBdYYigEk9fX8E3OR90A" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1086/152434</a> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Amtx% 3Ajournal & rft.genre = artikel & rft.atitle = On + di + Dua + Oosterhoff + Kelompok + dari + bulat + Cluster & rft.jtitle% 5B =% 5BAstrophysical + Jurnal % 5D% 5D & rft.aulast = T. + S. + van + Albada% 2C + Norman + Baker & rft.au = T. + S. + van + Albada% 2C + Norman + Baker & rft.date = 1973 & rft.volume = 185 & rft.pages 477 =% E2% 80% 93498 & rft_id = info: 2F152434 doi/10.1086% & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-18"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-18"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">Charles H. Lineweaver (2001-03-09).</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-18"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">Charles H. Lineweaver (2001/03/09).</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation Journal">"An Estimate of the Age Distribution of Terrestrial Planets in the Universe: Quantifying Metallicity as a Selection Effect". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarus_%28journal%29&usg=ALkJrhhWGBPAqocCByIBHR9yAN9HZYsNTA" title="Icarus (jurnal)"><i>Icarus</i></a> <b>151</b> (2): 307–313. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151..307L" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2001Icar..151..307L</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.2001.6607" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1006/icar.2001.6607</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation Journal">"Sebuah Perkiraan Distribusi Age of Planet Terestrial di Universe ini: Mengkuantifikasi Metallicity sebagai Efek Selection". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icarus_%28journal%29&usg=ALkJrhhWGBPAqocCByIBHR9yAN9HZYsNTA" title="Icarus (jurnal)"><i>Icarus</i></a> <b>151</b> (2):. 307-313 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151..307L" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2001Icar .. 151 .. 307L</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">DOI</a> : <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.2001.6607" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1006/icar.2001.6607</a> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver = Z39.88-2004 & rft_val_fmt = info% 3Aofi% 2Ffmt% 3Akev% 3Amtx% 3Ajournal & rft.genre = artikel & rft.atitle = Sebuah% + Perkiraan + dari + di + Usia + Distribusi + dari + Terestrial + Planet + di + tombol + Universe 3A + Mengkuantifikasi + Metallicity + sebagai + sebuah + Seleksi + Efek & rft.jtitle =% 5B% 5BIcarus +% 5D% 5D% 29% 28journal 7CIcarus% & rft.aulast = Charles + H. + Lineweaver & rft.au = Charles + H. + Lineweaver & rft.date = 2001/03/09 & rft.volume = 151 & rft.issue = 2 & rft.pages =% E2% 80% 307 93313 & rft_id = info: bibcode/2001Icar..151..307L & rft_id = info: doi/10.1006% 2Ficar.2001.6607 & rfr_id = info: sid / en.wikipedia.org: Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-19"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml&usg=ALkJrhi8ICClWXmm02WMj3ZaSJFlhaXUQA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Solar Physics: The Solar Wind"</a> . <i>Marshall Space Flight Center</i> .</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-19"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml&usg=ALkJrhi8ICClWXmm02WMj3ZaSJFlhaXUQA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Solar Fisika: The Solar Wind"</a> <i>Pusat. Marshall Space Flight.</i></span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web">2006-07-16 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml&usg=ALkJrhi8ICClWXmm02WMj3ZaSJFlhaXUQA" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span></span> <span class="citation web"><span class="printonly">2006/07/16. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml&usg=ALkJrhi8ICClWXmm02WMj3ZaSJFlhaXUQA" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; 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text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2007-04-02</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2007/04/02.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Voyager+Enters+Solar+System%27s+Final+Frontier&rft.atitle=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fvision%2Funiverse%2Fsolarsystem%2Fvoyager_agu.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-SunFlip-21"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-SunFlip_21-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web">Phillips, Tony (2001-02-15). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast15feb_1.htm&usg=ALkJrhgJiCS_wG8cytu9B_3EM9u-L3gcZA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"The Sun Does a Flip"</a> . <i>Science@NASA</i> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast15feb_1.htm&usg=ALkJrhgJiCS_wG8cytu9B_3EM9u-L3gcZA" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast15feb_1.htm</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2007-02-04</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2007/02/04.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Sun+Does+a+Flip&rft.atitle=Science%40NASA&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.au=Phillips%2C%26%2332%3BTony&rft.date=2001-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fheadlines%2Fy2001%2Fast15feb_1.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-22"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-22"><b>^</b></a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/22apr_currentsheet.htm&usg=ALkJrhh5FVGb2c9KlKf29HXpLQwtQTyaWw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">A Star with two North Poles</a> , April 22, 2003, Science @ NASA </li><li id="cite_note-23"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-23"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">Riley, Pete (2002). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://ulysses.jpl.nasa.gov/science/monthly_highlights/2002-July-2001JA000299.pdf&usg=ALkJrhjvFsPyhxxYEFApKowvzbtbdT8WUQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Modeling the heliospheric current sheet: Solar cycle variations"</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Geophysical_Research&usg=ALkJrhijmgIZQxXu--QN0WqdENDzAdtReA"><i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i></a> <b>107</b> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JGRA.107g.SSH8R&usg=ALkJrhimblCXj0JzF1AYM9B_2I_SAdEU1Q" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2002JGRA.107g.SSH8R</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1029%252F2001JA000299&usg=ALkJrhjLxsTGobHjNfT67aF8RQk6v7SLzg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1029/2001JA000299</a> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://ulysses.jpl.nasa.gov/science/monthly_highlights/2002-July-2001JA000299.pdf&usg=ALkJrhjvFsPyhxxYEFApKowvzbtbdT8WUQ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://ulysses.jpl.nasa.gov/science/monthly_highlights/2002-July-2001JA000299.pdf</a></span> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+heliospheric+current+sheet%3A+Solar+cycle+variations&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BJournal+of+Geophysical+Research%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft.au=Riley%2C%26%2332%3BPete&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=107&rft_id=info:bibcode/2002JGRA.107g.SSH8R&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2001JA000299&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fulysses.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fscience%2Fmonthly_highlights%2F2002-July-2001JA000299.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-24"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-24"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">Lundin, Richard (2001-03-09). 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text-align: left;"><span class="citation web">International Astronomical Union.</span></span> <span class="citation web">Uni Astronomi Internasional.</span></span> <span class="citation web">2006 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0601/newspaper/&usg=ALkJrhhX3Q8xMDnKkUo9daud_HgadOl8Og" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0601/newspaper/</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2009-03-01</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2009/03/01.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=IAU+Planet+Definition+Committee&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=International+Astronomical+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fpublic_press%2Fnews%2Frelease%2Fiau0601%2Fnewspaper%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-45"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-45"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.esa.int/esaCP/ESAASPF18ZC_index_0.html&usg=ALkJrhjwlfZProLd1GOxu9P8vXykUCC5HQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"New study reveals twice as many asteroids as previously believed"</a> . <i>ESA</i> . 2002 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.esa.int/esaCP/ESAASPF18ZC_index_0.html&usg=ALkJrhjwlfZProLd1GOxu9P8vXykUCC5HQ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.esa.int/esaCP/ESAASPF18ZC_index_0.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2006-06-23</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2006/06/23.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=New+study+reveals+twice+as+many+asteroids+as+previously+believed&rft.atitle=ESA&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esa.int%2FesaCP%2FESAASPF18ZC_index_0.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-Krasinsky2002-46"> ^ <sup><i><b><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Krasinsky2002_46-0">a</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Krasinsky2002_46-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <span class="citation Journal"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgij_A._Krasinsky&usg=ALkJrhho_9ZlcyM-YeIDUaBaG2TNVRG6WQ" title="Georgij A. 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"The activities of comets related to their aging and origin". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_Mechanics_and_Dynamical_Astronomy&usg=ALkJrhjgCZ4FA4ZSYRMHn_KiZ30x54VN6w"><i>Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy</i></a> <b>54</b> : 1–11. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%252FBF00049540&usg=ALkJrhhdI6OCgesOixxJ9NBGpuHMvSPzsw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1007/BF00049540</a> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+activities+of+comets+related+to+their+aging+and+origin&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BCelestial+Mechanics+and+Dynamical+Astronomy%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Whipple&rft.aufirst=Fred+L.&rft.au=Whipple%2C%26%2332%3BFred+L.&rft.date=1992&rft.volume=54&rft.pages=1%E2%80%9311&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF00049540&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-spitzer-61"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-spitzer_61-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">John Stansberry, Will Grundy, Mike Brown, Dale Cruikshank, John Spencer, David Trilling, Jean-Luc Margot (2007). "Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope". <i>The Solar System Beyond Neptune</i> . pp. 161. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv&usg=ALkJrhjdTeYNKD7opA61h-I_BzJohl50rg">arXiv</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0702538&usg=ALkJrhi5cTH2QmMDb0RjsCS9FkMZmzoPhA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">astro-ph/0702538</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ssbn.book..161S" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2008ssbn.book..161S</a></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Physical+Properties+of+Kuiper+Belt+and+Centaur+Objects%3A+Constraints+from+Spitzer+Space+Telescope&rft.atitle=The+Solar+System+Beyond+Neptune&rft.aulast=John+Stansberry%2C+Will+Grundy%2C+Mike+Brown%2C+Dale+Cruikshank%2C+John+Spencer%2C+David+Trilling%2C+Jean-Luc+Margot&rft.au=John+Stansberry%2C+Will+Grundy%2C+Mike+Brown%2C+Dale+Cruikshank%2C+John+Spencer%2C+David+Trilling%2C+Jean-Luc+Margot&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B161&rft_id=info:arxiv/astro-ph%2F0702538&rft_id=info:bibcode/2008ssbn.book..161S&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-62"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-62"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web">Patrick Vanouplines (1995). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.vub.ac.be/STER/www.astro/chibio.htm&usg=ALkJrhhmjYTvZXZpVMct-vGEEnPCRKOQSQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Chiron biography"</a> . <i>Vrije Universitiet Brussel</i> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.vub.ac.be/STER/www.astro/chibio.htm&usg=ALkJrhhmjYTvZXZpVMct-vGEEnPCRKOQSQ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.vub.ac.be/STER/www.astro/chibio.htm</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2006-06-23</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2006/06/23.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chiron+biography&rft.atitle=Vrije+Universitiet+Brussel&rft.aulast=Patrick+Vanouplines&rft.au=Patrick+Vanouplines&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vub.ac.be%2FSTER%2Fwww.astro%2Fchibio.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-physical-63"> ^ <sup><i><b><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-physical_63-0">a</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-physical_63-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <span class="citation book">Stephen C. Tegler (2007).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation book">"Kuiper Belt Objects: Physical Studies".</span></span> <span class="citation book">"Obyek Sabuk Kuiper: Studi Fisik".</span></span> <span class="citation book">In Lucy-Ann McFadden et. al.. <i>Encyclopedia of the Solar System</i> . pp. 605–620.</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Kuiper+Belt+Objects%3A+Physical+Studies&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Solar+System&rft.aulast=Stephen+C.+Tegler&rft.au=Stephen+C.+Tegler&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B605%E2%80%93620&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets-64"> ^ <sup><i><b><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets_64-0">a</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets_64-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <span class="citation web">Audrey Delsanti and David Jewitt (2006). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20070129151907/http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/papers/2006/DJ06.pdf&usg=ALkJrhjkIqrVf_CXdT-7FJH6FBx0PdUYjw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"The Solar System Beyond The Planets"</a> (PDF). <i>Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii</i> . Archived from <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/papers/2006/DJ06.pdf&usg=ALkJrhjKsgkRrlOZAl8UUk1gKYpM29qygg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on January 29, 2007 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20070129151907/http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/papers/2006/DJ06.pdf&usg=ALkJrhjkIqrVf_CXdT-7FJH6FBx0PdUYjw" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20070129151907/http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/papers/2006/DJ06.pdf</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2007-01-03</span> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Solar+System+Beyond+The+Planets&rft.atitle=Institute+for+Astronomy%2C+University+of+Hawaii&rft.aulast=Audrey+Delsanti+and+David+Jewitt&rft.au=Audrey+Delsanti+and+David+Jewitt&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070129151907%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifa.hawaii.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fjewitt%2Fpapers%2F2006%2FDJ06.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-65"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-65"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">ME Brown, MA van Dam, AH Bouchez, D. Le Mignant, RD Campbell, JCY Chin, A. Conrad, SK Hartman, EM Johansson, RE Lafon, DL Rabinowitz, PJ Stomski, Jr., DM Summers, CA Trujillo, and PL Wizinowich (2006). 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text-align: left;"><span class="citation web">US Geological Survey.</span></span> <span class="citation web">Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat.</span></span> <span class="citation web">2008-11-07 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html&usg=ALkJrhhEixuCepyvSjU1Qyh-sf82wd3xew#DwarfPlanets" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html#DwarfPlanets</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2008-07-13</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2008/07/13.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Dwarf+Planets+and+their+Systems&rft.atitle=Working+Group+for+Planetary+System+Nomenclature+%28WGPSN%29&rft.date=2008-11-07&rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanetarynames.wr.usgs.gov%2Fappend7.html%23DwarfPlanets&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-Buie-71"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Buie_71-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_W._Buie&usg=ALkJrhiksIf4QnHv5JzFeT_5IF5rYxdOMw">Marc W. Buie</a> (2008-04-05). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/%7Ebuie/kbo/astrom/136472.html&usg=ALkJrhgZfPaJa-MnXSN1609i8Ws9yKvcwg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 136472"</a> . SwRI (Space Science Department) <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/%7Ebuie/kbo/astrom/136472.html&usg=ALkJrhgZfPaJa-MnXSN1609i8Ws9yKvcwg" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/136472.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2008-07-13</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2008/07/13.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Orbit+Fit+and+Astrometric+record+for+136472&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=%5B%5BMarc+W.+Buie%5D%5D&rft.au=%5B%5BMarc+W.+Buie%5D%5D&rft.date=2008-04-05&rft.pub=SwRI+%28Space+Science+Department%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boulder.swri.edu%2F%7Ebuie%2Fkbo%2Fastrom%2F136472.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-72"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-72"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web">David Jewitt (2005). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/%7Ejewitt/kb/big_kbo.html&usg=ALkJrhjRi5LwObgOtuTRA_mKD7KdW8BHlQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"The 1000 km Scale KBOs"</a> . <i>University of Hawaii</i> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/%7Ejewitt/kb/big_kbo.html&usg=ALkJrhjRi5LwObgOtuTRA_mKD7KdW8BHlQ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/kb/big_kbo.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2006-07-16</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2006/07/16.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+1000+km+Scale+KBOs&rft.atitle=University+of+Hawaii&rft.aulast=David+Jewitt&rft.au=David+Jewitt&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ess.ucla.edu%2F%7Ejewitt%2Fkb%2Fbig_kbo.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-73"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-73"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/Centaurs.html&usg=ALkJrhgLS4qvD633XjyqLFL4--elKSAzKg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects"</a> . <i>IAU: Minor Planet Center</i> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/Centaurs.html&usg=ALkJrhgLS4qvD633XjyqLFL4--elKSAzKg" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/Centaurs.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2007-04-02</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2007/04/02.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=List+Of+Centaurs+and+Scattered-Disk+Objects&rft.atitle=IAU%3A+Minor+Planet+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minorplanetcenter.org%2Fiau%2Flists%2FCentaurs.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-Eris-mass-74"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Eris-mass_74-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_E._Brown&usg=ALkJrhjTc1vJzcKVHDqtocwe0FqXaqQnHw">Michael E. Brown</a> and Emily L. Schaller (2007). "The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_%28journal%29&usg=ALkJrhicZ2n7pA5lplRUhupt6WXXl2jhsA" title="Science (jurnal)"><i>Science</i></a> <b>316</b> (5831): 1585. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126%252Fscience.1139415&usg=ALkJrhg-rgwxNqsivZdgfl6PLvg29Uyc5A" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1126/science.1139415</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier&usg=ALkJrhhH-3X4FTS911nqbfv0r6Ks6uJXyA" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569855&usg=ALkJrhiB377kMuIXbAP_KJUrXWyWtHyoaA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">17569855</a> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Mass+of+Dwarf+Planet+Eris&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BScience+%28journal%29%7CScience%5D%5D&rft.aulast=%5B%5BMichael+E.+Brown%5D%5D+and+Emily+L.+Schaller&rft.au=%5B%5BMichael+E.+Brown%5D%5D+and+Emily+L.+Schaller&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=316&rft.issue=5831&rft.pages=1585&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.1139415&rft_id=info:pmid/17569855&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-Littmann-75"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Littmann_75-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">Littmann, Mark (2004). <i>Planets Beyond: Discovering the Outer Solar System</i> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation book">Courier Dover Publications.</span></span> <span class="citation book">Courier Dover Publications.</span></span> <span class="citation book">pp. 162–163. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number&usg=ALkJrhhvg3Ezr49jp3z292RCwoCMMU8qpQ" title="Nomor Buku Standar Internasional">ISBN</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486436029&usg=ALkJrhihSYwJP9SF_el7JguFnVErVdHJFw" title="Special:BookSources/9780486436029">9780486436029</a> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planets+Beyond%3A+Discovering+the+Outer+Solar+System&rft.aulast=Littmann&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Littmann%2C%26%2332%3BMark&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B162%E2%80%93163&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft.isbn=9780486436029&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-fahr-76"> ^ <sup><i><b><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-fahr_76-0">a</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-fahr_76-1">b</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-fahr_76-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <span class="citation Journal">Fahr, HJ; Kausch, T.; Scherer, H. (2000). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://aa.springer.de/papers/0357001/2300268.pdf&usg=ALkJrhgAqZyIWvZ_Or5r2QpH2fK0jU3_Qg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"A 5-fluid hydrodynamic approach to model the Solar System-interstellar medium interaction"</a> (PDF). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy_%2526_Astrophysics&usg=ALkJrhitvKMcGUoEXxuLRZyAbQMn29B_hw" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomi & Astrofisika"><i>Astronomy & Astrophysics</i></a> <b>357</b> : 268. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000A&A...357..268F" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2000A&A...357..268F</a> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://aa.springer.de/papers/0357001/2300268.pdf&usg=ALkJrhgAqZyIWvZ_Or5r2QpH2fK0jU3_Qg" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://aa.springer.de/papers/0357001/2300268.pdf</a></span> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+5-fluid+hydrodynamic+approach+to+model+the+Solar+System-interstellar+medium+interaction&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BAstronomy+%26+Astrophysics%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Fahr%2C+H.+J.%3B+Kausch%2C+T.%3B+Scherer%2C+H.&rft.au=Fahr%2C+H.+J.%3B+Kausch%2C+T.%3B+Scherer%2C+H.&rft.date=2000&rft.volume=357&rft.pages=268&rft_id=info:bibcode/2000A%26A...357..268F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faa.springer.de%2Fpapers%2F0357001%2F2300268.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> See Figures 1 and 2. </li><li id="cite_note-77"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-77"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web">NASA/JPL (2009). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm%3Ffeature%3D2370%26msource%3DF20091119%26tr%3Dy%26auid%3D5615216&usg=ALkJrhikwjcIoKnzzL_fQdS9kJk-V3eyqg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Cassini's Big Sky: The View from the Center of Our Solar System"</a> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm%3Ffeature%3D2370%26msource%3DF20091119%26tr%3Dy%26auid%3D5615216&usg=ALkJrhikwjcIoKnzzL_fQdS9kJk-V3eyqg" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/features.cfm?feature=2370&msource=F20091119&tr=y&auid=5615216</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2009-12-20</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2009/12/20.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cassini%27s+Big+Sky%3A+The+View+from+the+Center+of+Our+Solar+System&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=NASA%2FJPL&rft.au=NASA%2FJPL&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Ffeatures.cfm%3Ffeature%3D2370%26msource%3DF20091119%26tr%3Dy%26auid%3D5615216&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-78"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-78"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">Stone, EC; Cummings, AC; McDonald, FB; Heikkila, BC; Lal, N.; Webber, WR (September 2005). "Voyager 1 explores the termination shock region and the heliosheath beyond". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_%28journal%29&usg=ALkJrhicZ2n7pA5lplRUhupt6WXXl2jhsA" title="Science (jurnal)"><i>Science</i></a> <b>309</b> (5743): 2017–20. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126%252Fscience.1117684&usg=ALkJrhjDchyEu4k1gBF85KHaJZQHmJ9jwg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1126/science.1117684</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier&usg=ALkJrhhH-3X4FTS911nqbfv0r6Ks6uJXyA" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179468&usg=ALkJrhiah7t8dDyUC5_zGMKGNU5nKTQkOQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">16179468</a> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Voyager+1+explores+the+termination+shock+region+and+the+heliosheath+beyond&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BScience+%28journal%29%7CScience%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Stone%2C+E.+C.%3B+Cummings%2C+A.+C.%3B+McDonald%2C+F.+B.%3B+Heikkila%2C+B.+C.%3B+Lal%2C+N.%3B+Webber%2C+W.+R.&rft.au=Stone%2C+E.+C.%3B+Cummings%2C+A.+C.%3B+McDonald%2C+F.+B.%3B+Heikkila%2C+B.+C.%3B+Lal%2C+N.%3B+Webber%2C+W.+R.&rft.date=September+2005&rft.volume=309&rft.issue=5743&rft.pages=2017%E2%80%9320&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.1117684&rft_id=info:pmid/16179468&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-79"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-79"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">Stone, EC; Cummings, AC; McDonald, FB; Heikkila, BC; Lal, N.; Webber, WR (July 2008). 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text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2006-06-23</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2006/06/23.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Sun%27s+Heliosphere+%26+Heliopause&rft.atitle=%5B%5BAstronomy+Picture+of+the+Day%5D%5D&rft.aulast=P.+C.+Frisch+%28University+of+Chicago%29&rft.au=P.+C.+Frisch+%28University+of+Chicago%29&rft.date=June+24%2C+2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fapod%2Fap020624.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-81"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-81"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/interstellar.html&usg=ALkJrhidatO_tafcMvfLFYwXaj2Aw-wXRw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Voyager: Interstellar Mission"</a> . <i>NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory</i> . 2007 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/interstellar.html&usg=ALkJrhidatO_tafcMvfLFYwXaj2Aw-wXRw" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/interstellar.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2008-05-08</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2008/05/08.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Voyager%3A+Interstellar+Mission&rft.atitle=NASA+Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoyager.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fmission%2Finterstellar.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-82"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-82"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">RL McNutt, Jr. et al.</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation book">(2006).</span></span> <span class="citation book">(2006).</span></span> <span class="citation book">"Innovative Interstellar Explorer". <i>Physics of the Inner Heliosheath: Voyager Observations, Theory, and Future Prospects</i> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DAIP_Conference_Proceedings%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&usg=ALkJrhiBTD1BFT9qdy1I54X6opso0aTpxw" class="new" title="AIP Conference Proceedings (page does not exist)">AIP Conference Proceedings</a> . <b>858</b> . pp. 341–347. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AIPC..858..341M" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2006AIPC..858..341M</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1063%252F1.2359348&usg=ALkJrhiybHNIcuDHk2dEB2GOcxEMDJshRQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1063/1.2359348</a> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Innovative+Interstellar+Explorer&rft.atitle=Physics+of+the+Inner+Heliosheath%3A+Voyager+Observations%2C+Theory%2C+and+Future+Prospects&rft.aulast=R.+L.+McNutt%2C+Jr.+et+al.&rft.au=R.+L.+McNutt%2C+Jr.+et+al.&rft.date=2006&rft.series=%5B%5BAIP+Conference+Proceedings%5D%5D&rft.volume=858&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B341%E2%80%93347&rft_id=info:bibcode/2006AIPC..858..341M&rft_id=info:doi/10.1063%2F1.2359348&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-83"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-83"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web">Anderson, Mark (2007-01-05). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://space.newscientist.com/article/mg19325850.900-interstellar-space-and-step-on-it.html&usg=ALkJrhgkRikSascr5EwXaw1lMlm3bXOYTA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Interstellar space, and step on it!"</a> . <i>New Scientist</i> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://space.newscientist.com/article/mg19325850.900-interstellar-space-and-step-on-it.html&usg=ALkJrhgkRikSascr5EwXaw1lMlm3bXOYTA" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://space.newscientist.com/article/mg19325850.900-interstellar-space-and-step-on-it.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; 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Retrieved 2007-02-02</span> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Supernova+Explosion+May+Have+Caused+Mammoth+Extinction&rft.atitle=Physorg.com&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physorg.com%2Fnews6734.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-97"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-97"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/06jan_bubble.htm&usg=ALkJrhi9mUBE3HawZRSiiPts6IYp_A_XcQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Near-Earth Supernovas"</a> . <i>NASA</i> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/06jan_bubble.htm&usg=ALkJrhi9mUBE3HawZRSiiPts6IYp_A_XcQ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/06jan_bubble.htm</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2006-07-23</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2006/07/23.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Near-Earth+Supernovas&rft.atitle=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fheadlines%2Fy2003%2F06jan_bubble.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-98"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-98"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.solstation.com/stars/s10ly.htm&usg=ALkJrhiQGJb0Nn2OCWAyY1o17Nb6LPCgUQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Stars within 10 light years"</a> . <i>SolStation</i> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.solstation.com/stars/s10ly.htm&usg=ALkJrhiQGJb0Nn2OCWAyY1o17Nb6LPCgUQ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.solstation.com/stars/s10ly.htm</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2007-04-02</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2007/04/02.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Stars+within+10+light+years&rft.atitle=SolStation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solstation.com%2Fstars%2Fs10ly.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-99"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-99"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.solstation.com/stars/tau-ceti.htm&usg=ALkJrhgdg0dDkccHngRTrhK_rNHD_yY2Tg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Tau Ceti"</a> . <i>SolStation</i> <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.solstation.com/stars/tau-ceti.htm&usg=ALkJrhgdg0dDkccHngRTrhK_rNHD_yY2Tg" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.solstation.com/stars/tau-ceti.htm</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2007-04-02</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2007/04/02.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Tau+Ceti&rft.atitle=SolStation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solstation.com%2Fstars%2Ftau-ceti.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-100"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-100"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2006/32/text/&usg=ALkJrhjD4SSF0CxEYuwEy2Cwgc7h-L3fuA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"HUBBLE ZEROES IN ON NEAREST KNOWN EXOPLANET"</a> . <i>Hubblesite</i> . 2006 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2006/32/text/&usg=ALkJrhjD4SSF0CxEYuwEy2Cwgc7h-L3fuA" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2006/32/text/</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2008-01-13</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2008/01/13.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=HUBBLE+ZEROES+IN+ON+NEAREST+KNOWN+EXOPLANET&rft.atitle=Hubblesite&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhubblesite.org%2Fnewscenter%2Farchive%2Freleases%2F2006%2F32%2Ftext%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-101"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-101"><b>^</b></a> The date is based on the oldest <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_%28mineral%29&usg=ALkJrhgLQUcMIaSiyUb1VoXCyFY9Otc4Pw" title="Inklusi (mineral)">inclusions</a> found to date in <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite&usg=ALkJrhiS7FczY9IA4k1OwsiyKEl1eOpusA" title="Batu bintang">meteorites</a> , and is thought to be the date of the formation of the first solid material in the collapsing nebula.<br />A. Bouvier and M. Wadhwa. "The age of the solar system redefined by the oldest Pb-Pb age of a meteoritic inclusion." <i>Nature Geoscience,</i> in press, 2010. 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"Disks Around Stars and the Growth of Planetary Systems". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_%28journal%29&usg=ALkJrhicZ2n7pA5lplRUhupt6WXXl2jhsA" title="Science (jurnal)"><i>Science</i></a> <b>307</b> (5706): 68–71. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126%252Fscience.1101979&usg=ALkJrhhAODnI4l_u8wQwrflvPsrFbucrBg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1126/science.1101979</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier&usg=ALkJrhhH-3X4FTS911nqbfv0r6Ks6uJXyA" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637266&usg=ALkJrhjHc0lWGLyoNNuNEm4PV9UN1xF8sQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">15637266</a> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Disks+Around+Stars+and+the+Growth+of+Planetary+Systems&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BScience+%28journal%29%7CScience%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Greaves&rft.aufirst=Jane+S.&rft.au=Greaves%2C%26%2332%3BJane+S.&rft.date=2005-01-07&rft.volume=307&rft.issue=5706&rft.pages=68%E2%80%9371&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.1101979&rft_id=info:pmid/15637266&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-105"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-105"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ssb/detectionch3.html&usg=ALkJrhgwiaTJj7vgYLv9Mi2fPIaHTHFovg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Present Understanding of the Origin of Planetary Systems"</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web">National Academy of Sciences.</span></span> <span class="citation web">National Academy of Sciences.</span></span> <span class="citation web">2000-04-05 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ssb/detectionch3.html&usg=ALkJrhgwiaTJj7vgYLv9Mi2fPIaHTHFovg" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ssb/detectionch3.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2007-01-19</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2007/01/19.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Present+Understanding+of+the+Origin+of+Planetary+Systems&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2000-04-05&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww7.nationalacademies.org%2Fssb%2Fdetectionch3.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span title="sejak Maret 2011" style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template">[ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot&usg=ALkJrhjIvWbTqOLi4Dz0PUUYPXyiwJWLaw" title="Wikipedia: membusuk Link"><i>dead link</i></a> ]</sup></span></span> <span title="sejak Maret 2011" style="white-space: nowrap;"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template">[ <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot&usg=ALkJrhjIvWbTqOLi4Dz0PUUYPXyiwJWLaw" title="Wikipedia: membusuk Link"><i>dead link</i></a> ]</sup></span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-Kitamara-106"> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Kitamara_106-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">M.</span></span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-Kitamara_106-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation book">M.</span></span> <span class="citation book">Momose, Y. 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(1997). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20050527094435/http://www-astronomy.mps.ohio-state.edu/Vistas/&usg=ALkJrhhOaem2w_u15Nlq7nLXHvcOqhngIw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"The Once & Future Sun"</a> (lecture notes). <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www-astronomy.mps.ohio-state.edu/Vistas/&usg=ALkJrhiaL0wq2Drrw7O2pNJBSR5E4A_55A" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>New Vistas in Astronomy</i></a> . Archived from <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/%7Epogge/Lectures/vistas97.html&usg=ALkJrhiYMwBX7PfCrpYV4yUARopaR4Bacg" class="external text" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on May 27, 2005 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://web.archive.org/web/20050527094435/http://www-astronomy.mps.ohio-state.edu/Vistas/&usg=ALkJrhhOaem2w_u15Nlq7nLXHvcOqhngIw" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://web.archive.org/web/20050527094435/http://www-astronomy.mps.ohio-state.edu/Vistas/</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2005-12-07</span> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Once+%26+Future+Sun&rft.atitle=%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww-astronomy.mps.ohio-state.edu%2FVistas%2F+New+Vistas+in+Astronomy%5D&rft.aulast=Pogge%2C+Richard+W.&rft.au=Pogge%2C+Richard+W.&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20050527094435%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww-astronomy.mps.ohio-state.edu%2FVistas%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-113"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-113"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">Alessandro Morbidelli (2005).</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation Journal">"Origin and dynamical evolution of comets and their reservoirs". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv&usg=ALkJrhjdTeYNKD7opA61h-I_BzJohl50rg">arXiv</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0512256&usg=ALkJrhgHRtb-zyh23Nhel18_TCL_cp20zQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">astro-ph/0512256</a> .</span></span> <span class="citation Journal">"Asal dan evolusi dinamis dari komet dan waduk mereka". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv&usg=ALkJrhjdTeYNKD7opA61h-I_BzJohl50rg">arXiv</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0512256&usg=ALkJrhgHRtb-zyh23Nhel18_TCL_cp20zQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">astro-ph/0512256</a> .</span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Origin+and+dynamical+evolution+of+comets+and+their+reservoirs&rft.jtitle=%27%27%5B%5BarXiv%5D%5D%3A%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2Fastro-ph%2F0512256+astro-ph%2F0512256%5D%27%27&rft.aulast=Alessandro+Morbidelli&rft.au=Alessandro+Morbidelli&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-FinalResolution-114"> ^ <sup><i><b><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-FinalResolution_114-0">a</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-FinalResolution_114-1">b</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-FinalResolution_114-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.iau.org/iau0602.423.0.html&usg=ALkJrhgWj1h8rhxsbGKDDQA-znAeNEsJMA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"The Final IAU Resolution on the definition of "planet" ready for voting"</a> .</span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation news">IAU.</span></span> <span class="citation news">IAU.</span></span> <span class="citation news">2006-08-24 <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.iau.org/iau0602.423.0.html&usg=ALkJrhgWj1h8rhxsbGKDDQA-znAeNEsJMA" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.iau.org/iau0602.423.0.html</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2007-03-02</span> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Final+IAU+Resolution+on+the+definition+of+%22planet%22+ready+for+voting&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2006-08-24&rft.pub=IAU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fiau0602.423.0.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-115"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-115"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation web">Ron Ekers. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0601/newspaper/&usg=ALkJrhhX3Q8xMDnKkUo9daud_HgadOl8Og" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"IAU Planet Definition Committee"</a> . International Astronomical Union <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0601/newspaper/&usg=ALkJrhhX3Q8xMDnKkUo9daud_HgadOl8Og" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0601/newspaper/</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation web"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2008-10-13</span> .</span></span> <span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="citation web">Diperoleh 2008/10/13.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=IAU+Planet+Definition+Committee&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Ron+Ekers&rft.au=Ron+Ekers&rft.pub=International+Astronomical+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fpublic_press%2Fnews%2Frelease%2Fiau0601%2Fnewspaper%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-IAU0804-116"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-IAU0804_116-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation news"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0804&usg=ALkJrhjnz9xr-y0Uq3pFVBpuoXYfMbk9Dw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"Plutoid chosen as name for Solar System objects like Pluto"</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union&usg=ALkJrhij2lwTAQYOBhZw05u4zHxVWDlPHg">International Astronomical Union</a> . June 11, 2008, Paris <span class="printonly">. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0804&usg=ALkJrhjnz9xr-y0Uq3pFVBpuoXYfMbk9Dw" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0804</a></span> <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></span> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="citation news"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2008-06-11</span> .</span></span> <span class="citation news"><span class="reference-accessdate">Diakses 2008-06-11.</span></span></span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Plutoid+chosen+as+name+for+Solar+System+objects+like+Pluto&rft.atitle=&rft.date=June+11%2C+2008%2C+Paris&rft.pub=%5B%5BInternational+Astronomical+Union%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fpublic_press%2Fnews%2Frelease%2Fiau0804&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li><li id="cite_note-117"> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjhnayb-BkDwvbnnnvYBCG2bD2cDw#cite_ref-117"><b>^</b></a> <span class="citation Journal">Reid, MJ; Brunthaler, A. (2004 2004). "The Proper Motion of Sagittarius A*". <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Astrophysical_Journal&usg=ALkJrhgkR7KOcu0nmsQlSxZdVl0VI9iuEA"><i>The Astrophysical Journal</i></a> <b>616</b> (2): 883. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode&usg=ALkJrhi75eYNL_5lZrgxT_sq_D2sdtDBpQ">Bibcode</a> <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ApJ...616..872R" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2004ApJ...616..872R</a> . <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier&usg=ALkJrhi-Eg4jpQuPBh0-TalwPnbT3ewa1w" title="Pengidentifikasi objek digital">doi</a> : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086%252F424960&usg=ALkJrhiS8HjeSMhtzKyq6CHGqBXugfcjkQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">10.1086/424960</a> .</span> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Proper+Motion+of+Sagittarius+A%2A&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BThe+Astrophysical+Journal%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=M.J.&rft.au=Reid%2C%26%2332%3BM.J.&rft.date=2004+2004&rft.volume=616&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=883&rft_id=info:bibcode/2004ApJ...616..872R&rft_id=info:doi/10.1086%2F424960&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Solar_System"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li></ol></div><h2> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></span> <span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">Pranala luar</span></span> </h2><table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;"> Find more about <b>Solar System</b> on Wikipedia's <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects&usg=ALkJrhgUg3zvwo8T3RVE3Dusb5qY8P6ntA" title="Wikipedia: Wikimedia kakak proyek">sister projects</a> : </td></tr><tr><td> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhiBbAf9_HbKFYb55xzWQdxHcq76vg" title="Search Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" height="25" width="23" /></a> </td><td> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhiBbAf9_HbKFYb55xzWQdxHcq76vg" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Solar System">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhiBbAf9_HbKFYb55xzWQdxHcq76vg" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Solar System">Definisi</a> dari Wiktionary</span><br /></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhhzHDxbeuO8Z47kOO9YHzyaeSziNQ" title="Pencarian bebas"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" height="24" width="18" /></a> </td><td> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhhzHDxbeuO8Z47kOO9YHzyaeSziNQ" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Solar System">Images and media</a> from Commons</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhhzHDxbeuO8Z47kOO9YHzyaeSziNQ" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Solar System">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons</span><br /></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhgl5ghdaEAlPEp5nRhSwEOyey46tA" title="Cari Wikiversity"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" height="23" width="25" /></a> </td><td> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhgl5ghdaEAlPEp5nRhSwEOyey46tA" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Solar System">Learning resources</a> from Wikiversity</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhgl5ghdaEAlPEp5nRhSwEOyey46tA" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Solar System">Sumber belajar</a> dari Wikiversity</span><br /></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjvLAd8u2_QL5eHocnhbKArXoNDKw" title="Cari Wikinews"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" height="14" width="25" /></a> </td><td> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjvLAd8u2_QL5eHocnhbKArXoNDKw" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Solar System">News stories</a> from Wikinews</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhjvLAd8u2_QL5eHocnhbKArXoNDKw" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Solar System">Berita cerita</a> dari Wikinews</span><br /></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhi3CDA2w-aZzcf2ZE9YgTkzSgTkTw" title="Cari Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" height="25" width="21" /></a> </td><td> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhi3CDA2w-aZzcf2ZE9YgTkzSgTkTw" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Solar System">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhi3CDA2w-aZzcf2ZE9YgTkzSgTkTw" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Solar System">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote</span><br /></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhg92E1ceWwYftvv0uKiXmMhNahhUA" title="Cari Wikisource"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" height="25" width="24" /></a> </td><td> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhg92E1ceWwYftvv0uKiXmMhNahhUA" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Solar System">Source texts</a> from Wikisource</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhg92E1ceWwYftvv0uKiXmMhNahhUA" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Solar System">Sumber teks</a> dari Wikisource</span><br /></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhioJ1nxPMtpwRsvsSg7BbeaQPvTEA" title="Cari Wikibooks"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" height="25" width="25" /></a> </td><td> <span><span class="google-src-text" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhioJ1nxPMtpwRsvsSg7BbeaQPvTEA" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Solar System">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Solar_System&usg=ALkJrhioJ1nxPMtpwRsvsSg7BbeaQPvTEA" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Solar System">Buku teks</a> dari Wikibooks</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm%3FObject%3DSolarSys%26Display%3DOverview&usg=ALkJrhiO5PG0Nu0nIMff0bxVQ_b14ebEuw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Solar System Profile</a> by <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/index.cfm&usg=ALkJrhg1KyPg3AREKHLK95Dn-MUTN8gcqw" class="external text" rel="nofollow">NASA's Solar System Exploration</a> </li><li> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/&usg=ALkJrhi-OM7Gf8NdSvcoZWgu_gT6jZd0rQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">NASA's Solar System Simulator</a> </li><li> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/solar_system&usg=ALkJrhjbfux0elZADXNPIyuUVfsYmshiug" class="external text" rel="nofollow">NASA/JPL Solar System main page</a> </li></ul><table id="collapsibleTable0" class="navbox collapsible autocollapse"><tbody><tr><th colspan="8" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 153);"><span class="collapseButton">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System#" id="collapseButton0">show</a>]</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: -0.12em;"><span class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 6em;"><span style="" title="Lihat template ini"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Solar_System_table&usg=ALkJrhgiyLgrE9fUT55Sn4lngxJmWqprBg" title="Template:Solar System table">v</a></span> <span style=""><b>·</b></span> <span style="" title="Diskusikan template ini"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Solar_System_table&usg=ALkJrhggQoYf0DL7z5lbgY7hAhWy_JjsAQ" title="Template talk:Solar System table">d</a></span> <span style=""><b>·</b></span> <span style="" title="Edit template ini"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&rurl=translate.google.co.id&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DTemplate:Solar_System_table%26action%3Dedit&usg=ALkJrhgAcUSub_EXDkBofd6FKoN9novXNQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow">e</a></span></span></span> <strong class="selflink"><span style="font-size: 110%;">The Solar System</span></strong></th></tr></tbody></table>Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-90351403382533656902011-05-11T05:57:00.000-07:002011-05-11T06:01:00.531-07:00Mata kuliah ilmu Alamiah Dasar<span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">POKOK BAHASAN IAD<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 30pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 30pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Perkembangan Alam Pikiran Manusia</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 30pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 30pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 30pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 30pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Alam Semesta</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 30pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 30pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Kehidupan di Bumi</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 30pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 30pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Ekologi</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 30pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 30pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">IPA Dan Perkembangan Teknologi</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 30pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 30pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Dampak Perkembangan IPTEK Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 30pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 30pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Teknologi Dan Kelangsungan Hidup</span><span style="font-size: 30pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Tujuan</span><span style="font-size: 43pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);"> IAD<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Memperkenalkan konsep-konsep dasar dalam IPA.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Memberikan wawasan pengetahuan, pengertian dan apresiasi terhadap objek dan cara pemikiran serta cara cara pendekatan IPA dan teknologi.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Memberikan bekal untuk memanfatkan bahan dan cara pemikiran, cara cara pendekatan dan hasil hasil dalam IPA dan teknologi.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Mengembangkan interaksi yang selaras dan displin ilmu eksakta dan non-eksakta.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Mengembangkan apresiasi IPA dan teknologi kepada mahasiswa non-eksakta.</span></div> <p style="line-height: normal; margin: 0pt 0in; text-indent: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 31pt; font-family: Calibri; font-variant: normal; color: black; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">ILMU ALAMIAH DASAR</span></p><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /></span> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">S</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ifat Unik Manusia :</span></p> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Manusia mempunyai akal budi yang membedakannya dari makhluk lain</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Manusia selalu mempunyai rasa ingin tahu</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Manusia mempunyai perasaan dan rasional</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /></span> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Perbedaan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">binatang</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> :</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">a.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dapat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berpikir</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (homo </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sapien</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">)</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">b.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dapat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">membuat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">alat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (homo </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">faber</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">)</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">c.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dapat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berbicara</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (homo </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">longuens</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">)</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">hidup</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bermasyarakat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (homo </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">socius</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">)</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">e.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dapat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berdagang</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (homo </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">economicus</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">)</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">f.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sadar</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ada</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kekuatan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">diluar</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dirinya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (homo </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">religius</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">).</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Perasaan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">rendah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sifatnya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">biologis</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dimiliki</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">oleh</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">binatang</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Misal</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> rasa </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">lapar</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, rasa </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">seksual</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Perasaan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">luhur</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sifatnya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">rohani</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">hanya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dimiliki</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">oleh</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Misal</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">cinta</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kasih</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tanggung</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">jawab</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Rasional</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menerima</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sesuatu</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">atas</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dasar</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kebenaran</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pikiran</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">atau</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">rasio</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Kemampuan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mempergunakan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">daya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">akalnya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">disebut</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">intelegensi</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">.</span></p><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mempunyai</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> rasa </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ingin</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tahu</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">terhadap</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">rahasia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">alam</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mencoba</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menjawab</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menggunakan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengamatan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengalaman</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tetapi</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sering</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">upaya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">itu</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tidak</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">terjawab</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">secara</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">memuaskan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Pada</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kuno</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">memuaskan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mereka</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menjawab</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sendiri</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Misalnya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kenapa</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ada</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pelangi</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> ?</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">M</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ereka</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">membuat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">jawaban</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pelangi</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">selendang</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bidadari</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">A</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tau</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> :</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">K</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">enapa</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">gunung</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">meletus</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> ?</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">jawabannya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">karena</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berkuasa</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">marah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. Dari </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">hal</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ini</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">timbulnya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tentang</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bidadari</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sesuatu</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berkuasa</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">baru</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">itu</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">muncul</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dari</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kombinasi</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">antara</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengalaman</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kepercayaan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">disebut</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mitos</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Cerita-cerita</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mitos</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">disebut</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">legenda</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Mitos</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dapat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">diterima</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">karena</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">keterbatasan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">penginderaan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">penalaran</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">hasrat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ingin</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tahu</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">harus</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dipenuhi</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Sehubungan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kemajuan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">zaman</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">maka</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">lahirlah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ilmu</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">metode</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ilmiah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">M</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">itos : cerita yang dibuat/dongeng tentang dewa, manusia perkasa yang ada kaitannya dengan apa yang terdapat dalam alam untuk menjawab. keterbatasan pengetahuan manusia tentang alam.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Mitologi berarti pengetahuan tentang mitos.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Mitologi banyak muncul dalam zaman prasejarah dan disampaikan dari mulut ke mulut.</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /><br /></span> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">M</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">itos dibedakan atas tiga macam :</span></p> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Mitos sebenarnya : usaha manusia dengan imajinasinya menerangkan gejala alam yang ada, namun belum tepat karena kurang pengetahuannya sehingga mengaitkannya dengan tokoh atau dewa/dewi.<span style=""> </span>Contoh : tentang pelangi, diceritakan bahwa pelangi adalah tangga para bidadari yang turun dari kahyangan ke bumi untuk mandi</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Cerita Rakyat : usaha manusia mengisahkan peristiwa penting yang menyangkut kehidupan masyarakat.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Cerita rakyat disampaikan dari mulut ke mulut dan sulit dibuktikan kebenarannya namun gejalanya dalam masyarakat memang benar ada dan meyakinkan, seorang tokoh dikaitkan dalam cerita tersebut.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Contoh : di Kudus orang tidak makan sate sapi.<span style=""> </span>Menurut cerita ketika Sunan Kudus menyiarkan agama Islam secara damai, dianjurkan penganutnya jangan menyembelih sapi. Tujuannya pada waktu itu agar penduduk di wilayah tersebut yang beragama Hindu tidak merasa tersinggung atau sakit hati.</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">3.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Legenda :<span style=""> </span>menceritakan seorang tokoh<span style=""> </span>yang dikaitkan dengan suatu daerah, apakah tokoh tersebut<span style=""> </span>pernah ada atau tidak, namun yang bersangkutan dihubungkan dengan dengan apa yang terdapat disuatu lingkungan sebagai “bukti kebenaran” suatu legenda.</span></div> <span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Contoh : tokoh Sangkuriang dikaitkan dengan gunung Tangkubanperahu dan Dataran Tinggi Bandung yang dahulunya merupakan danau<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Dalam zaman mitologi suatu cerita penduduk memang masih dalam tingkat mistis peradabannya. Mereka percaya adanya kekuatan gaib yang melebihi kekuatan manusia biasa.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Pada zaman dahulu mitos dipercayai kebenarannya karena beberapa faktor :</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.22in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Keterbatasan pengetahuan manusia (alat indera)</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.22in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Keterbatasan penalaran manusia</span></div> <span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Keingintahuan manusia buat sementara terpenuhi<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Menurut Auguste Comte (1798-1857), perkembangan jiwa manusia,<span style=""> </span>berlangsung dalam tiga tahap :</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.95in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 26pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Tahap teologi atau fiktif : manusia berusaha mencari sebab akibat dari segala sesuatu dan selalu menghubungkan dengan kekuatan gaib.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.95in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 26pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Tahap filsafat /metafisik/abstrak : manusia mencari sebab akibat dari segala sesuatu dengan akalnya tanpa bersandar pada kepercayaan akan adanya kekuatan gaib</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.95in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">3.</span></span><span style="font-size: 26pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Tahap positif/ilmiah : manusia mencari sebab akibat dari segala sesuatu dengan pikiran positif/riil atas dasar pengetahuan yang telah dicapainya yang dikembangkan melalui pengamatan, percobaan dan perbandingan.</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 27pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Puncak</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pemikiran</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mitos</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pada</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">zaman</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Babilonia</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ya</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">i</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">t</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">u</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kira-kira</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> 700-600 SM. </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Orang</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Babilonia</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berpendapat</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bahwa</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">alam</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">semesta</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">itu</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sebagai</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ruangan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">setengah</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> bola </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bumi</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">datar</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sebagai</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">lantainya</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">langit</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bintang-bintang</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sebagai</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">atapnya</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 27pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Namun</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menakjubkan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mereka</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">telah</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengenal</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bidang</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ekleptika</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sebagai</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bidang</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">edar</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">matahari</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menetapkan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">perhitungan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">satu</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tahun</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">yaitu</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">satu</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> kali </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">matahari</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">beredar</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ketempat</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">semula</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">yaitu</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> 365,25 </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">hari</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ajaran</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tentang</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">orang</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Babilonia</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">setengahnya</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">merupakan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dugaan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">imajinasi</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kepercayaan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">atau</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mitos</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">semacam</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ini</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">disebut</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Pseudo science (</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">sains</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">palsu</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">)</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /></span> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Tokoh-tokoh</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Yunani</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">lainnya</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">memberikan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sumbangan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">perubahan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pemikiran</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pada</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">waktu</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">itu</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> :</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <div class="O0" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Anaximander</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">langit</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kita</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">lihat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">setengah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">saja</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">langit</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">isinya</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">beredar</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengelilingi</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bumi</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ia</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">juga</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengajarkan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">membuat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> jam </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tongkat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div class="O0" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Anaximenes</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">,</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (560-520) </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengatakan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">unsur-unsur</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pembentukan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">semua</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">benda</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> air, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">seperti</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pendapat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> Thales. Air </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">merupakan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">salah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">satu</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bentuk</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">benda</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bila</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">merenggang</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menjadi</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">api</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bila</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">memadat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menjadi</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tanah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div class="O0" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">3.</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Herakleitos</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">(560-470) </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengkoreksi</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pendapat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Anaximenes</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">justru</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">apilah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menyebabkan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">transmutasi</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tanpa</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ada</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">api</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">benda-benda</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">akan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">seperti</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">apa</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adanya</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /><br /></span> <div class="O0" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">4.</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Pythagoras (500</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> SM) </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengatakan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">unsur</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">semua</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">benda</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">empat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> : </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">yaitu</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tanah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">api</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">udara</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> air. </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Ia</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">juga</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengungkapkan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dalil</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Pythagoras </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>C</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; vertical-align: super;">2</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> = A</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; vertical-align: super;">2 </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">+ B</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; vertical-align: super;">2</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sehubungan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">alam</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">semesta</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ia</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengatakan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bahwa</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bumi</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bulat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">seolah-olah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">benda</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> lain </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengitari</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bumi</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">termasuk</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">matahari</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div class="O0" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">5.</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Demokritos</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (460-370) </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bila</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">benda</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dibagi</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">terus</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">maka</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pada</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">suatu</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">saat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">akan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sampai</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pada</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bagian</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">terkecil</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>yang </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">disebut</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Atomos</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">atau</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">atom</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">istilah</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> atom </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tetap</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dipakai</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sampai</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">saat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ini</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">namun</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ada</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">perubahan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">konsep</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div class="O0" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">6.</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Empedokles</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">(480-430 SM) </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menyempurnakan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pendapat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Pythagoras</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ia</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">memperkenalkan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tentang</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tenaga</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">penyekat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">atau</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">daya</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tarik-menarik</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">da</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">y</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">a </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tolak-menolak</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Kedua</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tenaga</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ini</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dapat</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mempersatukan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">atau</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">memisahkan</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">unsur-unsur</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /><br /></span> <div class="O0" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 25pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">7.</span></span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Aristoteles</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">merupakan</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ahli</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pikir</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ia</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">membuat</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">intisari</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dari</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ajaran</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">orang</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sebelumnya</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ia</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">membuang</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ajaran</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tidak</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">masuk</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">akal</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">memasukkan</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pendapatnya</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sendiri</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Ia</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengajarkan</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">unsur</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dasar</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">alam</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">disebut</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Hule</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Zat</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ini</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tergantung</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kondisi</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sehingga</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dapat</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berwujud</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tanah</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, air, </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">udara</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">atau</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">api</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Terjadi</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">transmutasi</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">disebabkan</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">oleh</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kondisi</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dingin</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">lembah</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">panas</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kering</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Dalam</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kondisi</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">lembab</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">hule</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">akan</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berwujud</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sebagai</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">api</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sedang</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dalam</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kondisi</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kering</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ia</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berwujud</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tanah</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Ia</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">juga</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengajarkan</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bahwa</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tidak</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ada</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ruang</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">hampa</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">jika</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ruang</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">itu</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tidak</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">terisi</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">suatu</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">benda</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">maka</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ruang</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">itu</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">diisi</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">oleh</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">ether</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Aristoteles</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">juga</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengajarkan</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tentang</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">klasifikasi</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">hewan</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ada</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dimuka</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bumi</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ini</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERKEMBANGAN ALAM PIKIRAN MANUSIA<br /><br /></span> <div class="O0" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 27pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">8.</span></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Plato</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (427-345) yang </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mempunyai</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pemikiran</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berbeda</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">orang</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sebelumnya</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ia</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengatakan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bahwa</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">keanekaragaman</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tampak</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ini</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sebenarnya</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">hanya</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">suatu</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">duplikat</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">saja</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dari</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">semua</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kekal</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">immatrial</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Seperti</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">serangga</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">beranekaragam</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">itu</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">merupakan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">duplikat</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>yang </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tidak</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sempurna</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, yang </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">benar</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> idea </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">serangga</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span></p> <span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Ptolomeus</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> (127-151) </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">SM, </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengatakan</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bahwa</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bumi</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pusat</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tata</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">surya</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">geosentris</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">), </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berbentuk</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bulat</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">diam</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">seimbang</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tanpa</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tiang</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">penyangga</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">Mitos,<span style=""> </span>Penalaran dan Cara Memperoleh Pengetahuan<br /></span> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Tahapan pemikiran manusia</span></p> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Mitos : pengetahuan yang tidak objektiv, melainkan subjektif. Pengetahuan yang mendasarkan pada kepercayaan, bersifat intuitif atau imajinatif</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Penalaran : Berpikir rasionalistik memisahkan antara pengetahuan yang benar ( masuk akal ) dan pengetahuan atas dasar keyakinan rasio terbentuk tetapi blm ditemukan metode berfikir objektif</span></div> <span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Berpikir Ilmiah, untuk menetapkan kebenaran harus mendasarkan pada pemikiran yang mendalam ( rasional ) dan pengamatan ( empiris )<br /></span> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Cara-</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">cara</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> lama </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dalam</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">memperoleh</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dilakukan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">masih</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengandalkan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">perasaan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">daripada</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pikiran</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">. </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Yaitu</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> :</span></p> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Prasangka</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Intuisi</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">3.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Coba-coba</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (trial and error).</span></div> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Pikiran</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berkembang</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ke</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">arah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">rasional</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">didukung</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">oleh</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengalaman</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">empiris</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">). </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Dalam</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menerima</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kebenaran</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">manusia</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menggunakan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">logika</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">yaitu</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kecakapan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berpikir</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">lurus</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tepat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sehat<br /><br /></span> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Lima </span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pentahapan</span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">progresivitas</span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">manusia</span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> :</span></p> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Antroposentris</span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Geosentris</span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">3.</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Heliosentris</span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">4.</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Galaktosentris</span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.67in; text-indent: -0.67in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 80%;">5.</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Asentris</span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></div> <span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">IKHTISAR PERKEMBANGAN WAWASAN MANUSIA<br /></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">DASAR-DASAR PENGETAHUAN</span><br /><p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">dimulai</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> rasa </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">ingin</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">tahu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">, </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">kepastian</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">dimulai</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> rasa </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">ragu-ragu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mampu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dikembangkan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">manusia</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">karena</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> :</span></p> <div style="line-height: 60%; margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Bahasa</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bersifat</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">komunikatif</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: 60%; margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Pikiran</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mampu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menalar</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></div> <p style="line-height: 60%; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <div style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="">A.</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">PENALARAN</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Kegiatan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">berpikir</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">yg</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">mempunyai</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">karakteristik</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">tertentu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">dalam</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span></p> <p style="margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">menemukan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">kebenaran</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">.</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Ciri-ciri</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Penalaran</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> :</span></p> <div style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">a.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Pola</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berpikir</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">logika</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">b.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Analitik</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></div> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Perasaan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">merupakan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">suatu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">penarikan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kesimpulan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tidak</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berdasarkan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">penalaran</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.<br /><br /></span> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dipergunakan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dalam</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">penalaran</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pada</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dasarnya</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bersumber</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pada</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">rasio</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">atau</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">fakta</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 4.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Rasionalisme</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">paham</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">mengembangkan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bahwa</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><u style=""><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">rasio</span></u><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sumber</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kebenaran</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 4.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Empirisme</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">,</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">paham</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menyatakan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bahwa</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><u style=""><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">fakta</span></u><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">yang </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">tertangkap</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">lewat</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengalaman</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">manusia</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">merupakan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sumber</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kebenaran</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <div style="margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">B.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black; font-weight: bold;">LOGIKA</span></div> <p style="line-height: 70%; margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Dua</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">jenis</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">cara</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">penarikan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kesimpulan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">yakni</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">logika</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">deduktif</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 70%; margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">logika</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">induktif</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 70%; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 70%; margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Logika</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">deduktif</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> , </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">cara</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berpikir</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dimana</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ditarik</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kesimpulan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">yg</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 70%; margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bersifat</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">khusus</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dari</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pernyataan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bersifat</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">umum</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 70%; margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Logika</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Induktif</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">terkait</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">empirisme</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">butuh</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dukungan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">fakta</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">).</span></p><br /><br /><br /><div style="margin-top: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="">C.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">SUMBER PENGETAHUAN :</span></div> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 8.64pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">Paham</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Rasionalisme</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">menggunakan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">metode</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">deduktif</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">.</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 8.64pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">Paham</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Empirisme</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">menggunakan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">metode</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">induktif</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 5.04pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span></p> <div style="line-height: 80%; margin-top: 10.08pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="">D.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">METODE ILMIAH</span></div> <p style="line-height: 75%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">Prosedur</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">dalam</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">mendapatkan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">disebut</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">ilmu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">. </span></p> <p style="line-height: 75%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Ilmu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">didapatkan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">lewat</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">metode</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">ilmiah</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 75%; margin-top: 4.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 75%; margin-top: 8.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">disebut</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ilmu</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">atau</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ilmiah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">jika</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">:</span></p> <div style="line-height: 75%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">Objektif</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">sesuai</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">dgn</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">objek</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">atau</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">didukung</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">fakta</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">empiris</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">)</span></div> <div style="line-height: 75%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">Metodik</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">cara-cara</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">tertentu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">yg</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">teratur</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">terkontrol</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">)</span></div> <div style="line-height: 75%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">3.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">Sistematik</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">saling</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">berkaitan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">merupakan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">satu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">kesatuan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">)</span></div> <div style="line-height: 75%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">4.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">Berlaku</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">umum</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">dapat</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">diuji</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">coba</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">orang</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> lain </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">hasilnya</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">sama</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;">).</span></div> <p style="line-height: 75%; margin-top: 4.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 75%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Dengan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">metode</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">ilmiah</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">pendekatan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">rasional</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">digabungkan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 75%; margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">pendekatan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">empiris</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">.</span></p><br /><br /><br /><p style="margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teori-teori</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ilmiah</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">menyusun</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">harus</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Memenuhi</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dua</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">syarat</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">utama</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">yaitu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">:</span></p> <div style="margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">a.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Harus</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">konsisten</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">teori-teori</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sebelumnya</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">b.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Harus</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">cocok</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">fakta-fakta</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">empiris</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 16.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Kriteria</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Metode</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Ilmiah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> :</span></p> <div style="margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">a.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Berdasarkan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">fakta</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">b.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Bebas</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dari</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">prasangka</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">c.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Menggunakan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">prinsip-prinsip</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">analitis</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Menggunakan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">hipotetis</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">e.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Menggunakan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ukuran</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">objektif</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="">f.</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Menggunakan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">teknik</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kwantitatif</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></div><br /><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/XPH3/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-2.png" alt="" /> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Ilmu</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">adalah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kumpulan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> yang </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">disusun</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">secara</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">konsisten</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">kebenarannya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">telah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">teruji</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">secara</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">empiris</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Sarana</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">berpikir</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Ilmiah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> :</span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Adalah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">merupakan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">alat</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bagi</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">metode</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ilmiah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dalam</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">melakukan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">fungsinya</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">secara</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">baik</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">berupa</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> :</span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Bahasa</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">logika</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">matematika</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">statistika</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">.</span></p><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA)<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Para pakar membedakan IPA menjadi IPA Klasik dan IPA Modern</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Yang dimaksud IPA Klasik adalah perkembangan lmu fisik sebelum abad XX, sedangkan IPA Modern adalah perkembangan ilmu fisika setelah sesudah abad XX</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Fisika modern dimulai sejak saat munculnya teori relativitas dari </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Einstein</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> (1905) diikiuti teori radiasi oleh </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Max Planck</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> (1910), sinar X oleh </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Rontgen</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> (1923)</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA)<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Ilmu pengetahuan sangat luas.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Ada yang mempelajari mikrokosmos yaitu hal yang sangat kecil ukurannya seperti : sel, atom, proton, elektron, dsb.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Ada yang mempelajari makrokosmos seperti alam semesta, tata surya, planet, dsb. </span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Alam Semesta<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pengetahuan manusia terhadap alam semesta masih sangat sedikit, bahkan ada rasa pesimis, mustahil manusia dapat mengetahui seluk beluk alam semesta sampai kehidupan di dunia ini lenyap</span></div> <span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Alam semesta terdiri dari semua materi termasuk energi dan radiasi, galaksi, tata surya, dsb.<span style=""><br /><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Teori Alam semesta<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teori Ledakan dahsyat ( BIG BANG )<span style=""> </span>: </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Gepreges Lamaitre (1930),<span style=""> </span>Alam semesta atau galaksi galaksi berasal dari suatu massa yang meledak dengan dahsyat yang bagian bagianya terlempar ke segala arah</span></div> <span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teori Ekspansi dan konstraksi</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><br />Para ilmuwan menduga bahwa sebelum terbentuknya alam semesta telah terjadi suatu siklus antara masa ekspansi dan masa konstraksi. Energi dari reaksi inti hydrogen dapat membangkitkan ekspansi alam sehingga terbentuklah galaksi galaksi dan bintang bintangnya dan unsur unsur lainnya. Pada masa kontraksi galaksi dan bintang bintang itu menciut dan meredup sambil memancarkan energi kalor yang sangat tinggi.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Teori Alam semesta<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teori Creatio Continua<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Fred Hoyle , Bendi dan Gold.<span style=""> </span>Alam semesta ini selamanya ada dan akan tetap ada, dengan kata lain, alam semesta tidak pernah bermula dan tidak pernah berakhir. Pada setiap saat ada partikel partikel tersebut kemudian mengembun menjadi kabut kabut spiral dengan bintang bintang dan jasad jasad alam semesta. Karena partikel yang dilahirkan lebih besar dari pada yang lenyap, maka jumlah materi makin bertambah dan mengakibatkan pemuaian alam semesta.<span style=""> </span>Pengembangan ini akan mencapai titik batas kritik pada 10 milyar tahun lagi. Tetapi dalam waktu 10 milyar ini akan dihasilkan kabut kabut baru. Menurut teori ini 90% materi alam semesta adalah oksigen. Dari hydrogen ini akan membentuk helium dan zat lainnya.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size: 43pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Tata Surya<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Surya artinya adalah matahari</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Tata surya berarti suatu organisasi yang teratur pada matahari</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Matahari sebagai induk (pusat peredaran)<span style=""> </span>dikelilingi oleh benda langit yaitu planet, satelit, asteroid, komet dan meteor.</span></div><span style="font-size: 43pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Tata Surya (Matahari)<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Terbentuk dari awan gas hidrogen dan debu yang memadat menjadi sebuah bola gas raksasa yang sangat pijar.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Diperkirakan kira-kira 5 milyar tahun lampau dan diduga akan<span style=""> </span>bersinar sampai 5 milyar tahun lagi</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Suhu permukaan 6000 C, dan suhu pusatnya sekitar 25 juta C.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Jarak ke bumi 93 juta mil (149 juta km)</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Garis tengahnya sekitar 1,4 juta km</span></div> <span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Berputar pada porosnya (rotasi)<br /></span><span style="font-size: 43pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Tata Surya (Planet)<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Benda langit yang tidak memiliki sumber cahaya sendiri dan bergerak mengelilingi Matahari dalam orbit eliptik</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Planet bergerak mengelilingi matahari dan berotasi<span style=""> </span>berlawanan dengan arah jarum jam</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Planet memiliki satelit dalam jumlah yang berbeda ; ada juga yang tidak memiliki</span></div> <span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Menurut penelitian jumlah planet dalam tata surya saat ini ada 10<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size: 43pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Tata Surya (Planet)<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Planet dapat dibagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu :</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Planet Dalam : planet yang dekat dengan matahari, ukuran kecil, mempunyai massa jenis yang besar, yaitu : Merkurius, Venus, Bumi, dan Mars</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Planet Luar : planet yang jauh dari matahari, mempunyai ukuran besar, yaitu Yupiter, Saturnus, Uranus, Neptunus dan Pluto</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Di antara jarak planet dalam dan planet luar yaitu antara Mars dan Yupiter terdapat dijumpai adanya planet-planet minor (asteroid)</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 43pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Tata Surya (Asteroid)<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Asteroid (planet minor) yang ditemukan al :</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Ceres</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pallas</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Yuno</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Vesta</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Hermes</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Eros</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Belum dapat dipastikan asal mula terbentuknya asteroid<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size: 43pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Tata Surya (Komet)<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Istilah komet berasal dari bahasa Yunani, artinya bintang berekor.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Komet sejenis dengan planet</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Tidak semua komet mempunyai ekor</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Komet tidak memiliki cahaya sendiri</span></div> <span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Salah satu komet yang terkenal adalah Komet Halley yang ditemukan Edmun Halley<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size: 43pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Tata Surya (Meteor)<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Meteor adalah benda langit yang sangat kecil, bergerak mengelilingi matahari seperti planet</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Kebanyakan meteor bergerak mengelilingi matahari secara berkelompok</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Meteor berada jauh dari bumi, ketika melintas terlalu dekat dengan bumi dan memasuki lapisan atmosfir, meteor tampak bercahaya karena bergesek dengan lapisan udara.</span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Teori terbentuknya tata surya<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Teori Nebular<br />Teori terjadinya tata surya mulanya di kemukakan oleh Immanuel Kant (1755 ) seorang ahli filsafat bangsa Jerman dan Pierre Simon Laplace ( 1796 ) seorang ahli fisika bangsa Perancis. Keduanya berpendapat bahwa tata surya berasal dari kabut, sehingga disebut teori kabut kant – laplace. Immanuel Kant : tata surya itu berasal dari gumpalan kabut gas panas yang berputar pada porosnya. Kemudian kabut tersebut menjadi padat dan atas dasar prinsip tarik menarik dan tolak menolak dari bagian bagian kabut yang memadat itu dipusatnya membentuk inti menjadi matahari sedangkan bagian bagian lainnya bersatu lalu memisahkan diri dari yang lainnya dan menjadi lah planet. Dengan demikian planet planet itu terbentuk bersamaan dengan matahari. Laplace : tata surya berasal dari nebula / kabut gas pijar bercampur dengan debu yang berputar pada porosnya.<span style=""> </span>Akibat percepatan rotasinya , kabut makin mengecil dan bentuknya menjadi seperti cakram ( pipih ). Karena percepatannya makin besar., maka keadaan kabut menjadi tidak stabil dan terlepas membentuk cincin gas, lalu memadat. Dan berlangsung terus menerus sehingga membuat ketidakstabilan baru sehingga membentuk cincin gas yang baru dan memadat lagi. dst</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">Teori terbentuknya tata surya<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teori tidal</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><br />James H Jeans dan harold jeffres ( 1919 ). Ratusan juta tahun lalu sebuah bintang bergerak mendekati matahari dan kemudian menghilang. Pada waktu itu sebagian matahari terlepas dan tertarik. Dari bagian matahari yang terlepas inilah kemudian terbentuk planet planet </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teori Bintang kembar</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><br />Matahari merupakan sepasang bintang kembar. Oleh suatu sebab salah satu bintang meledak, dan oleh gaya tarik grativitasi bintang yang satunya, pecahan tersebut tetap berada di sekitar dan beredar mengelilinginya </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teori GP Kuiper</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"><br />Pada tahun 1950 GP Kuiper mengajukan teori berdasarkan keadaan yang ditemui di luar angkasa tata surya dan menyuarakan penyempurnaan atas teori teori yagn telah dikemukakan yang mengandaikan matahari serta semua planet planet berasal dari gas purba yang berada di ruang angkasa. Pda saat ini terdapat banyak kabut gas dan diantaranya kabut terlihat dalam proses melahirkan bintang.</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">KEHIDUPAN DI BUMI<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Asal mula kehidupan</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teori generatio spontania (abiogenesis) : Aristoteles (364-32 SM)</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.32pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.97in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Makhluk hidup terjadi secara spontan. Contohnya : ulat berasal dari bangkai</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Francesco Redi – ahli biologi<span style=""> </span>Itali (1626-1697) :</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.32pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.97in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Omne vivum ex ovo </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">(kehidupan berasal dari telur). Contohnya : ulat pada bangkai berasal dari lalat. </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Lazarro Spalanzani (1729-1799) :</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.32pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.97in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Omne ovo ex vivo </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">(telur berasal dari jasad hidup). Contoh : jasad renik yang mencemari kaldu dapat membusukkan kaldu</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Louis Pasteur (1822-1895</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">) : </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Teori Biogenesis (melanjutkan percobaan Spalanzani dengan berbagai mikroorganisme)</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.32pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.97in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Omne vivum ex vivo (</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">harus ada kehidupan sebelumnya agar timbul kehidupan baru)</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.32pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.97in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Dengan teori biogenesis ini, maka teori abiogenesis ditinggalkan orang, tetapi asal mula kehidupan masih belum terungkap</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">KEHIDUPAN DI BUMI<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Asal mula kehidupan</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Harold Urey (1893-1981 SM) : ahli kimia Amerika</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.04pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.97in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 21pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Atmosfer kaya akan gas Metan, Amoniak,Hidrogen, dan Air yang merupakan unsur penting yang terdapat dalam tubuh makhluk hidup.</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.04pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.97in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 21pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Diperkirakan karena adanya energi dan aliran listrik halilintar dan radiasi sinar kosmos, unsur unsur itu bereaksi membentuk zat hidup.</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.04pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.97in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 21pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Zat hidup yang mula mula terbentuk kira kira seperti virus yang kita kenal sekarang, kemudian berkembang menjadi jenis organisme setelah berjuta juta tahun</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">KEHIDUPAN DI BUMI<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Geografi Kehidupan </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pembagian wilayah berdasarkan kondisi geografis yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan yang terdapat di dalamnya atau pembagian wilayah di bumi yang dikaitkan dengan kehidupan tumbuhan dan hewan</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pembagian wilayah berdasarkan letak geografi menimbulkan iklim berbeda beda yang juga sangat mempengaruhi kehidupan dan wujud binatang didalamnya.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pada umumnya daerah daerah menurut iklimnya dibedakan atas tiga yaitu daerah tropis, daerah subtropis dan daerah kutub.</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">KEHIDUPAN DI BUMI<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Daerah Tropis </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Terletak pada 23,5 LU dan 23,5 LS</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Beriklim panas, matahari bersinar sepanjang tahun</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Curah hujan tinggi antara 200-225 cm pertahun</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Terdapat ribuan species tumbuhan yang dapat membentuk suatu hutan tropis</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pohon pohonnya besar dan tinggi dapat mencapai 20-40 m</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Dalam hutan tropis yang lebat, hidup beranekaragam binatang mulai dari bakteri pembusuk dalam tanah, burung, kera sampai harimau dan binatang besar, maupun binatang buas yang lain</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">KEHIDUPAN DI BUMI<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Daerah<span style=""> </span>Subtropis </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Terletak pada 23,5-66,5 LU dan 23,5-66,5 LS</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Beriklim sedang, terdapat empat musim yaitu musim panas, gugur, dingin dan semi</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Curah hujan<span style=""> </span>antara<span style=""> </span>75-100 cm pertahun</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Jumlah tumbuhan di kawasan subtropis lebih sedikit</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Yang khas di daerah subtropis adalah adanya salju waktu musim dingin</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Di daerah tengah benua terdapat padang rumput karena curah hujannya sedikit sehingga sulit bagi pohon untuk hidup dengan baik, tetapi tidak sampai menjadi gurun pasir</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">KEHIDUPAN DI BUMI<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Daerah Kutub </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Terletak pada 66,5-90<span style=""> </span>LU dan 66,5-90 LS</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pada musim panas matahari bersinar lebih dari 12 jam sehari sehingga malam menjadi lebih singkat.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pada musim dingin matahari bersinar kurang dari 12 jam sehingga malam lebih lama.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 23pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 23pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Binatang khasnya adalah rendeer, dan beruang kutub, rubah kutub dan kelinci salju.</span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">KEHIDUPAN DI BUMI<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Karena perbedaan wilayah geografis tanaman dan binatang mempunyai penyebaran yang tidak merata.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></p> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan ketidakrataan hidup tumbuhan dan binatang dibumi, al : faktor iklim, faktor lingkungan kehidupan, sejarah geografi, dan proses penyebaran.</span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">KEHIDUPAN DI BUMI<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Contoh : di lingkungan padang pasir yang iklimnya panas, sedikit turun hujan, hanya memungkinkan tanaman dan binatang yang mampu hidup dalam keadaan seperti itu.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Contoh lain : gajah dengan tubuhnya yang besar memerlukan makanan yang cukup banyak, sehingga lingkungan hutan dengan tanaman yang paling cocok.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Bumi mengalami perubahan, terjadi pergeseran lapisan atas bumi, sehingga benua Australia makin merapat ke Indonesia, sedangkan benua Afrika makin jauh dari benua Amerika.</span></div><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">KEHIDUPAN DI BUMI<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Faktor proses penyebaran fauna dan flora terjadi secara aktif dan pasif. </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Penyebaran yang aktif dilakukan terutama oleh binatang yang karena berkaki dapat berpindah dari satu tempat ke tempat lain.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Penyebaran secara pasif<span style=""> </span>terjadi terutama pada tumbuhan karena kekuatan seperti angin dan arus laut, mis : tanaman kecil seperti alang alang bunganya diterbangkan oleh angin dan menyebar secara luas. Kelapa terbawa<span style=""> </span>arus laut ke daerah lain.</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">EKOLOGI<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Ekologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari hubungan timbal balik antara makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Permasalahan<span style=""> </span>lingkungan hidup pada hakekatnyaadalah permasalahan ekologi, mis : kebutuhan tumbuhan akan snar matahari, siklus makanan yang ada di bumi, proses kelahiran, kematian, pergantian generasi yang berlangsung terus menerus mengikuti hukum alam.</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">EKOLOGI<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Komponen-komponen yang membentuk ekologi adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.94in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Lingkungan Abiotik (anorganik), terdiri dari tanah, air, udara, sinar matahari.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.94in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Lingkungan Biotik (organik), terdiri dari tumbuhan, binatang,<span style=""> </span>dan manusia yang menjadi penghuni lingkungan abiotik, dibedakan atas :</span></div> <div class="O3" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.08pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.44in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt;"><span style="">a)</span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Konsumen primer (herbivora) : makhluk hidup pemakan rumput atau daun daunan seperti kambing, sapi, rusa, dll</span></div> <div class="O3" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.08pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.44in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt;"><span style="">b)</span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Konsumen sekunder (karnivora) : makhluk pemakan binatang lain seperti harimau, singa, dll</span></div> <div class="O3" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.08pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.44in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt;"><span style="">c)</span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Konsumen tersier (omnivora) : makhluk pemakan tumbuhan dan hewan misalnya manusia</span></div> <div class="O3" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.08pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.44in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt;"><span style="">d)</span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pengurai disebut mikrokonsumer : makhlik hidup yang merombak unsur organik<span style=""> </span>seperti bakteri atau pemakan bagian yang sudah mati seperti cacing dan kecoa. Tanpa makhluk yang sering dihina oleh manusia karena menjijikkan, dunia akan menjadi gudang bangkai, sehingga kehidupan tidak mengalami siklus.</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">EKOLOGI<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Suatu konsep sentral dalam ekologi adalah ekosistem yaitu suatu sistem yang terbentuk oleh hubungan timbal balik anatara makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Ekosistem terbentuk oleh komponen hidup dan tidak hidup, di suatu tempat dan berinteraksi dalam satu kesatuan yang teratur.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Ditinjau dari fungsi komponennya, ekosistem dapat dibedakan menjadi dua macam, yaitu :</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.22in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="">a)</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Autotrofik </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">:<span style=""> </span>organisme dapat menyediakan makanan sendiri dengan mengubah bahan organik menjadi bahan anorganik dengan bantuan energi matahari dalam butir-butir hijau daun atau klorofil.</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.22in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="">b)</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Heterotrofik </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>: organisme yang hanya dapat memanfaatkan bahan makanan yang disediakan oleh organisme lain</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">PERANAN MANUSIA DALAM EKOSISTEM<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pengaruh manusia terhadap lingkungannya semakin lama semakin banyak.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Hal ini berakibat kualitas lingkungan semakin menurun karena kerusakan dan pencemaran lingkungan</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Manusia<span style=""> </span>merupakan bagian dari ekosistem.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Manusia harus berjuang menaklukkan alam dan isinya agar dapat hidup, namun perilaku manusia juga yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan tatanan lingkungan</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Karena sadar kelangsungan lingkungan sangat tergantung oleh habitatnya serta dari sikap dan perilaku manusia, maka manusia berusaha mulai menjaga keseimbangan ekologis agar tidak rusak.</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">SUMBER DAYA ALAM DAN PELESTARIANNYA<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pelestarian lingkungan hidup pada masa sekarang banyak dipermasalahkan baik oleh lembaga pemerintah maupun swasta.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Meningkatnya jumlah industri biasanya diikuti dengan meningkatnya pencemaran lingkungan hidup.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Untuk itu perlu ditemukan cara informal untuk meningkatkan<span style=""> </span>kesadaran masyarakat akan lingkungan hidup, al :</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Cinta lingkungan hidup</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Petualangan</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">IPA DAN PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Sejarah Peradaban Manusia dan Perkembangan Teknologi </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Sesungguhnya yang paling membedakan manusia dengan binatang adalah ketidakmampuan manusia untuk secara langsung menyesuaikan diri pada suatu lingkungan yang sudah jadi. Secara biologis manusia adalah salah satu spesies di bumi yang paling kurang mampu atau tidak memiliki daya penyesuaian lingkungan secara alami. Oleh antropolog Arnold Gehlm, manusia dise<br />but sebagai makhluk yang memiliki cacat atau cela karena manusia tidak mempunyai instink/naluri pelindung hidup.</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">IPA DAN PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI</span><br /><br /><div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 26pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Sejarah Peradaban Manusia dan Perkembangan Teknologi </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Menurut Adolf Portman secara biologis, manusia dipandang sebagai </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">prematur. </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Maksudnya semua spesies atau binatang sejak dilahirkan sekaligus telah membawa serta seperangkat naluri atau atau kemampuan alami buat tetap hidup (</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">survive), </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">sedangkan manusia tanpa pemeliharaan ibu dan keluarganya (sebagai lingkungan) pasti akan mati. Keseluruhan situasi di atas, yaitu kekurangan manusia dalam penyesuaian diri dengan lingkungan, maka lalu diganti oleh kemampuan manusia untuk menciptakan suatu lingkungan tiruan (</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">artificial</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">) yang bentuknya beraneka ragam. Manusia dalam hal ini dibekali teknik untuk membuat lingkungan menjadi cocok dengan dirinya, sehingga makin tinggi tingkat kemampuan abstraksi, makin tinggi pula kebudayaan orang atau bangsa tersebut. Berkat kesadaran dan kemampuan abstraksi inilah, manusia akhirnya menghasilkan konsep tersendiri mengenai apa itu alam.</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">IPA DAN PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 25pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Sejarah Peradaban Manusia dan Perkembangan Teknologi </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Konsep yang telah disistematisasi dengan otak dan kerangka pemikiran yang logis dalam wujud ilmu pengetahuan, ialah yang nantinya merupakan benih dari teknologi sebagai satu penerapan ilmu pengetahuan dalam berhadapan dengan alam.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">1. Fase-fase Proses Teknik</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> (a) Fase teknik destruktif, maksudnya untuk memcahkan segala permasalahan dan kebutuhannya, manusia langsung mengambil dari alam dan tidak ada usaha mengembalikannya lagi ke alam. Manusia masih bersifat </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">food gathering </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan ini terjadi dalam zaman batu. Orang yang hidup pada zaman batu itu bersikap mengambil apa saja dari alam, belum ada usaha untuk menanam.</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);">IPA DAN PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Sejarah Peradaban Manusia dan Perkembangan Teknologi </span></div><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);"></span><br /><br /><div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 21pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> (c) Fase teknik efektif, merupakan puncak perkembangan teknik yang telah dicapai oleh manusia saat ini. Teknik modern yang beraneka ragam, sebenarnya bertitik tolak dari analisis matematis alam. Makin meningkatnya kebutuhan dan pemakaiannya dalam kehidupan manusia, sehingga mampu membangun suatu peradaban baru, yaitu peradaban mesin. Ciri-ciri peradaban mesin adalah kesatuan bahasa internasional, sebagai pengantar yang sangat mendorong perkembangannya. Selain itu dengan diciptakannya bahasa simbol yang internasional, satu dan seragam, yaitu bahasa matematika, maka berkembanglah secara pesat teknologi mesin. Semua itu tercapai karena manusia memanfaatkan ilmu pengetahuan. Pada dasarnya, teknologi adalah ilmu terapan, sebaliknya teknologi yang mendorong diciptakannya lalu ditimbulkannya ilmu pengetahuan yang lebih maju lagi. Kesimpulannya, teknik ada karena adanya ilmu pengetahuan.</span><span style="font-size: 21pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>IPA sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Teknologi<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Sepanjang sejarah perkembangannya, kemajuan teknologi ilmu pengetahuan secara umum, dan ilmu pengetahuan alam secara khusus, tidak pernah lepas dari dorongan keingintahuan </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">(curiousity driven) </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">maupun hasrat pemanfaatannya </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">(application motivied). </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Penelitian yang dilakukan atas dasar keingintahuan lebih bersifat individualistik, mendasar dan tanpa sasaran hasil yang ditentukan sebelumnya. Sebaliknya, kajian yang bersifat penerapan dapat bersifat individualistik mapun berupa upaya kelompok, dan lazim terarah kepada tujuan atau sasaran tertentu. Aplikasi ilmu yang dimaksudkan dapat terjadi antar bidang ilmu dasar berbeda, ataupun untuk tujuan lebih praktis seperti pemanfaatannya demi pengembangan teknologi. Walaupun berbeda corak, perkembangan ilmu dasar dan aplikasinya ternyata telah berlangsung dalam pola saling mendorong dan saling mengisi, tidak jarang diwarnai pula dengan gejala penyuburan silang </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">(cross fertilization). </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Pada awal perkembangannya, semua proses tersebut berlangsung secara spontan dan alamiah.</span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">IPA sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Teknologi<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Sejarah perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan tidak menunjukkan suatu garis lengkung yang rata. Sebaliknya, garis sejarah memperlihatkan empat tahap dengan empat loncatan yang berbeda. Setiap loncatan membuka era baru yang erat pula hubungannya dengan alam pikiran manusia dari masa itu. Dalam sejarah ilmu pengetahuan, empat loncatan itu disebut empat revolusi ilmu fisika</span></div> <span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Perkembangannya adalah sebagai berikut :<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>IPA sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Teknologi<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 25pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">1. Revolusi Pertama</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 25pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Revolusi pertama membuka era baru bagi penelitian mendalam mengenai gaya gravitasi dan penelitian mengenai dinamika gerakan benda-benda. Hasil-hasil yang dicapai dalam era ini adalah suatu pembuktian bahwa sifat alam dapat dilukiskan dalam arti kata diletakkan dalam suatu deskripsi yang jelas dan pasti. Oleh karena itu, dapat diramalkan secara amat teliti gerak-gerik benda angkasa, peredaran bintang, munculnya komet dan sebagainya. Sebagaimana diketahui, era ini dirintis oleh Isaac Newton. Perkembangan selanjutnya menghadirkan nama-nama seperti Bernoullis dan Laplace. Namun demikian, betapa pun besarnya hasil-hasil yang dicapai oleh para sarjana, era ini mulai kehilangan momentum menjelang abad ke-19]</span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><span style=""></span>IPA sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Teknologi<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">2. Revolusi Kedua</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Era ini memusatkan pada sifat-sifat kelistrikan dan kemagnetan benda sebagai keseluruhan. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan di era ini dipelopori sarjana-sarjana seperti Faraday, sedangkan deskripsi teoritis mengenai kemagnetan dan kelistrikan dikembangkan oleh Maxwell. Revolusi fisika dari era inilah yang benar-benar menghantarkan manusia ke zaman listrik. Ilmu pengetahuan modern dalam bidang elektronika juga lahir pada era ini. Perkembangan-perkembangan dari era ini banyak sekali mempengaruhi kehidupan manusia modern. Di zaman ini pula dikembangkan pengetahuan tentang radiasi. Yang disebut radiasi adalah satuan-satuan individu yang disebut kuanta. Jika terdapat kuanta dalam jumlah yang cukup besar, maka kuanta tersebut mengatur diri ke dalam pola gelombang. Setiap pola mempunyai panjang gelombang dan radiasi yang dilukiskan dalam panjang gelombang tersebut. Pengetahuan ini memungkinkan telekomunikasi modern sebagaimana dikenal sekarang.</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><span style=""></span>IPA sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Teknologi<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">3. Revolusi Ketiga</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Era yang dibuka untuk revolusi kedua belum lagi mengendor lajunya, tetapi dunia fisika telah mulai merintis pula ke arah pembukaan era baru yang dibawakan oleh revolusi ketiga. Era ini dimulai pada awal abad XX dengan ditemukannya secara menyeluruh pemikiran manusia tentang zat dan jagad raya.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Perlu diingat bahwa pada fase awal, awal fisika sangat banyak bergerak dalam dunia astronomi. Dalam fase-fase berikutnya, manusia lebih banyak mengarahkan perhatian kepada kejadian-kejadian dan eksperimen yang dilakukan di laboratorium. Di era ketiga, kembali manusia mengarahkan pandangan dan perhatian ke dunia astronomi, tetapi melalui pengetahuan dan pengertian yang diperoleh dari eksperimen-eksperimen di laboraorium.</span></div> <span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Dapat dipastikan bahwa tidak mungkin astronomi mencapai apa yang dicapai kini, jika ia tetap dalam pemikiran era Newton dari era revolusi pertama. Kecemerlangan era ini dibawakan oleh Einstein yang merumuskan Relativitas. Ruthrford mengenai atom, Bohr mengenai kuantum,serta nama-nama ynag berkaitan dengan teori kuantum baru seperti Schrodinger, Heisenberg dan Dirac.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>IPA sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Teknologi<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">3. Revolusi Ketiga</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Era yang dibuka untuk revolusi kedua belum lagi mengendor lajunya, tetapi dunia fisika telah mulai merintis pula ke arah pembukaan era baru yang dibawakan oleh revolusi ketiga. Era ini dimulai pada awal abad XX dengan ditemukannya secara menyeluruh pemikiran manusia tentang zat dan jagad raya.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Perlu diingat bahwa pada fase awal, awal fisika sangat banyak bergerak dalam dunia astronomi. Dalam fase-fase berikutnya, manusia lebih banyak mengarahkan perhatian kepada kejadian-kejadian dan eksperimen yang dilakukan di laboratorium. Di era ketiga, kembali manusia mengarahkan pandangan dan perhatian ke dunia astronomi, tetapi melalui pengetahuan dan pengertian yang diperoleh dari eksperimen-eksperimen di laboraorium.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Dapat dipastikan bahwa tidak mungkin astronomi mencapai apa yang dicapai kini, jika ia tetap dalam pemikiran era Newton dari era revolusi pertama. Kecemerlangan era ini dibawakan oleh Einstein yang merumuskan Relativitas. Ruthrford mengenai atom, Bohr mengenai kuantum,serta nama-nama ynag berkaitan dengan teori kuantum baru seperti Schrodinger, Heisenberg dan Dirac.</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>IPA sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Teknologi<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 27pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">4. Revolusi Keempat</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 27pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 27pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Revolusi fisika keempat dimulai tahun 1983 dengan ditemukannya suatu tipa materi baru yang disebut partikel Anderson. Dulu diperkirakan atom merupakan benda kecil yang tidak mungkin dipecah-pecah lagi. Kini dengan dipelopori penemuan Anderson dengan pertolongan perlatan-peralatan besar siklotron , aselerator dan sebagainya menjelang akhir dasawarsa 50-an tidak kurang dari 30 partikel baru ditemukan. Hal ini pada dasarnya sangat mengejutkan karena membuat manusia bertanya apa yang mungkin dan apa yang tidak mungkin.</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">Manfaat dan Dampak IPA dan Teknologi terhadap Kehidupan<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 25pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang demikian pesatnya mempunyai pengaruh langsung pada kehidupan. Pengaruh tersebut sifatnya berbeda-beda Yang jelas perkembangan itu mempengaruhi empat bidang, yaitu :</span></div> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">1. Bidang intelektual, meninggalkan kebiasaan-kebiasaan ataupun kepercayaan-kepercayaan tradisional dan mengambil kebiasaan-kebiasaan baru.</span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">2. Bidang industri dan kemampuan di medan perang</span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">3.Perubahan yang dibawakannya pada organisasi-organisasi sosial, lambat-laun merambat dalam kehidupan politik</span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">4. Perubahan maupun benturan terhadap tata lingkungan.</span></p> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 25pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">Peran IPTEK di Negara-negara Maju<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dikatakan oleh futuris John Naisbit di dalam </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">Megatrends </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">bahwa dunia menghadapi kecenderungan sebagai berikut :</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Peralihan dari </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">industry society ke information society </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Peralihan ke teknologi tinggi yang jauh lebih canggih daripada teknologi sebelumnya</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">3.</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Peralihan dari perekonomian yang bersifat nasionalistis ke arah perekonomian yang bersifat global</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">4.</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Peralihan dari pandangan yang berorientasi pada jangka pendek ke jangka panjang</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">5.</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Peralihan dari sistem yang bersifat sentralisasi ke yang bersifat desentralisasi</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">6.</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Peralihan dari </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">institusional help </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ke </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">self help</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">7.</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Perubahan dari </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">representatif democracy </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">ke </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">participatory democracy</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">8.</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Perubahan dari hubungan kerja yang berpola hierarkis ke arah pola </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">networking</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167);">9.</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Peralihan dari pilihan </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">either/or </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">menjadi </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-style: italic;">multiple option. </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 39pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">Teknologi dan Kehidupan Manusia<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.59in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teknologi yang berkembang sangat cepat adalah sebagai berikut.</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.59in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teknologi informasi yang terdiri dari:</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">komputer</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">, dapat digunakan sebagai mesin hitung, mesin tulis, pengganti ensiklopedia, perpustakaan, arsip suatu kantor, membuat aneka macam program baik untuk keperluan industri maupun pertambangan sampai urusan rumah tangga.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">internet,</span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> adalah media komunikasi canggih yang dapat merambah ke seluruh penjuru dunia dengan cepat lewat komputer. Tampilan gambar dan pesan lebih cepat sampai ke tujuan dan dengan biaya yang relatif murah. Internet dapat digunakan untuk semua tujuan.</span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 39pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">Teknologi dan Kehidupan Manusia<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teknologi komunikasi terdiri dari:</span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">percetakan</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">telegrafi</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">telepon</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">radio yang mempunyai keunggulan berkomunikasi tanpa kawat</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">cinema</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">televisi</span></div><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">Dampak Perkembangan IPTEK Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Bidang Kebutuhan Pokok :</span></div> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">1. Pangan • Gandum (teknologi pembuatan<br /><span style=""> </span>tepung) • Ikan (teknologi pengalengan) •<br /><span style=""> </span>Daging (teknologi pendinginan) • Sayuran<br /><span style=""> </span>dan buah (teknologi pemupukan) </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">2. Sandang </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; color: black;">§</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> Dulu : kulit kayu, sekarang : serat<span style=""> </span><br /><span style=""> </span>sintetis </span></p> <p style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">3. Papan </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; color: black;">§</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> Dulu : sederhana, sekarang : modern </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></p><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">Dampak Perkembangan IPTEK Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Bidang kesehatan:</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Berkembangnya ilmu dan peralatan<span style=""> </span><br />kesehatan, mis </span><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">: </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-style: italic;">termometer, mikroskop elektron,<span style=""> </span><br />sinar rontgen, sinar laser, parasitplogi, bakteriologi, dll</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.59in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Berkembangnya teknologi obat-obatan</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.59in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">3.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Timbulnya penyakit tertentu,mis : kanker, darah tinggi, jantung, dsb</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 32pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">Dampak Perkembangan IPTEK Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Bidang sumber daya manusia:</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.65in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Terbukanya lapangan kerja baru atau sebaliknya.</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-style: italic;"> </span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.59in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-size: 80%;">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Meningkatnya kualitas sdm (keterampilan dan kecerdasan)</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">IPA, TEKNOLOGI & KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Akibat keserakahan manusia, maka sumber daya alam (SDA) cepat terkuras. SDA yang diperlukan manusia berupa </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Tanah</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Air, Udara </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">dan </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Bahan Tambang</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Bumi yang berukuran kecil dibanding dengan matahari tetapi mengandung bahan bahan kimia yang luar biasa.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;">Hanya sebagian kecil dari bahan bahan ini yang berguna bagi manusia yang begitu banyak di bumi ini.</span></div> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: black;"> </span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">IPA, TEKNOLOGI & KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP<br /><br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">TANAH</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Di atas tanah manusia memperoleh tanaman yang akan dimakan.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Kesuburan tanah semakin berkurang setelah ribuan tahun dimanfaatkan manusia.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pertumbuhan manusia sangat cepat sehingga memerlukan bahan pangan yang cukup banyak.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Usaha mencukupi kebutuhan<span style=""> </span>pangan dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu :</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.22in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="">1.</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Intensifikasi</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>: menggunakan bibit unggul,pemupukan, pemberantasan hama tanaman, dll.</span></div> <div class="O2" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1.22in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="">2.</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Ekstensifikasi<span style=""> </span>: </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">transmigrasi (memperluas area penanaman)</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">IPA, TEKNOLOGI & KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP<br /></span> <div class="O7" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 2.88pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 2.1in; text-indent: -0.2in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: rgb(71, 90, 141); font-family: "Wingdings 2";">–</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">AIR</span></div> <div class="O8" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 3.84pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 2.33in; text-indent: -0.2in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="color: rgb(71, 90, 141); font-family: "Wingdings 2";">–</span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Air bersih dalam pengertian ekologi adalah air yang memungkinkan makhluk hidup bertempat tinggal.</span></div> <div class="O8" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 3.84pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 2.33in; text-indent: -0.2in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="color: rgb(71, 90, 141); font-family: "Wingdings 2";">–</span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Air yang tercemar dapat mengancam kehidupan manusia.</span></div> <div class="O8" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 3.84pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 2.33in; text-indent: -0.2in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="color: rgb(71, 90, 141); font-family: "Wingdings 2";">–</span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Secara alamiah, manusia dapat memperoleh air dari mata air, sungai dan danau yang merupakan air permukaan umum (APU).</span></div> <div class="O8" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 3.84pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 2.33in; text-indent: -0.2in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="color: rgb(71, 90, 141); font-family: "Wingdings 2";">–</span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Dengan kecerdasannya<span style=""> </span>manusia<span style=""> </span>membuat sumur untuk memperoleh air bawah tanah (ABT)</span></div> <div class="O8" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 3.84pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 2.33in; text-indent: -0.2in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="color: rgb(71, 90, 141); font-family: "Wingdings 2";">–</span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Pengambilan air bawah tanah yang merupakan kekayaan alam sudah dikenakan pajak.</span></div><br /><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">IPA, TEKNOLOGI & KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">AIR</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Perebutan air bersih di kota-kota besar makin terasa.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Manusia kota makin banyak memerlukan air untuk kebutuhan hidup seperti, pel lantai, siram tanaman, cuci mobil, dll.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Untuk mengatasi kekurangan air ini, pemerintah mendirikan perusahaan air minum</span></div> <span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">IPA, TEKNOLOGI & KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">UDARA</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Udara merupakan kebutuhan lain untuk makhluk hidup, terdiri dari </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">oksigen</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">karbon</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">dioksida</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"> dan </span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">air</span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Komponen tersebut merupakan bahan baku bagi penyusun tubuh makhluk hidup.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Kekotoran udara di kota terutama disebabkan karena terlalu padatnya manusia yang tinggal, sisa bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor dan industri</span></div><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;">IPA, TEKNOLOGI & KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP<br /></span> <div style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.4in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: "Wingdings 2"; font-size: 80%;">—</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">BAHAN TAMBANG</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Kebutuhan manusia yang kian banyak tidak tercukupi oleh SDA di permukaan tanah, lalu dicarilah yang di bawah tanah ataupun di laut demi kesejahteraan hidupnya.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.7in; text-indent: -0.26in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(56, 145, 167); font-family: Verdana;">◦</span></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Bahan tambang yang terdapat di bawah permukaan tanah al: minyak bumi, energi panas bumi, logam dan mineral.</span></div><br /><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">IPA</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, TEKNOLOGI </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">&</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">KELANGSUNGAN </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">HIDUP</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN POKOK MANUSIA</span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.42pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 19pt; font-family: Verdana; color: yellow; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 19pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Kebutuhan</span><span style="font-size: 19pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 19pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Pangan</span><span style="font-size: 19pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>a.<span style=""> </span>Dari </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pertanian</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> : </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">varietas</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">unggul</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">hibrida</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>b.<span style=""> </span>Dari </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">peternakan</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> : </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">produksi</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">telur</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">kawin</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">suntik</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>c.<span style=""> </span>Dari </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">teknologi</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">kimia</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pupuk</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pestisida</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">obat</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pemacu</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tumbuh</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">obat</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pengawet</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">makanan</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>d.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Peran</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">teknologi</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">mesin</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">mesin</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">traktor</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">mesin</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">penetas</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">mesin</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pengalengan</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> lain-lain<br /><br /></span> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">e.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Peran</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">teknologi</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dirgantara</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">penyemprotan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">hama</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">lewat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pesawat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">hujan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">buatan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>f.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Peran</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Bioteknologi</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> : biogas, </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">rekayasa</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">genetika</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>g.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teknologi</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pengolahan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bahan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pangan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: yellow; font-weight: bold;">-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Kebutuhan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Sandang</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>a.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Serat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">alam</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>b.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Serat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">sintetis</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>c.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Gabungan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">serat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">alam</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">sintesis</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: yellow; font-weight: bold;">-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Kebutuhan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Papan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">papan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">meliputi</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>:<span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Lingkungan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Bangunan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 3.6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">penggunaan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bahan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> modern :<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">kawat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">baja</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, fiberboard, </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">playwood</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">plastik</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bahan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">penguat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">.</span></p><br /><p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: yellow; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Kebutuhan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Peningkatan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Kesehatan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>a.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Obat-obatan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">baru</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>b.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Peralatan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">baru</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- E. C. G.<span style=""> </span>:<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">memeriksa</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">jantung</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- E. E. G.<span style=""> </span>:<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">memeriksa</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">otak</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- U. S. G.<span style=""> </span>:<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">memeriksa</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">janin</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- Laser<span style=""> </span>:<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">memecah</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">batu</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ginjal</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>c.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Obat</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tradisional</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">diolah</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">alat</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> modern.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Calibri; color: yellow; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: yellow; font-weight: bold;">-</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Kebutuhan</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Energi</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>a.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Energi</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">matahari</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>b.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Energi</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">kimia</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>: LNG, LPG</span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>c.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Energi</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">listrik</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> : PLTA, PLTU, PLTG, solar </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">sel</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">/</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">sel</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">matahari</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">biogas</span><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p><br /><br /><p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">GENETIKA</span></p><p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br /><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"></span></p> <p style="line-height: 125%; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Sifat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">/</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">hereditas</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">diturunkan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">kpd</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">anaknya</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">.</span></p> <div style="line-height: 125%; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-size: 80%;">-</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Percobaan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> Mendel</span></div> <p style="line-height: 125%; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Penelitian</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">menghasilkan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bahwa</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">khromosom</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">setiap</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">makhluk</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">hidup</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">memiliki</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">jumlah</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">khas</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 125%; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>*<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">manusia</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> <span style=""> </span>:<span style=""> </span>46 </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">khromosom</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 125%; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>*<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tikus</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">putih</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> <span style=""> </span>:<span style=""> </span>42 </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">khromosom</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 125%; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>*<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">kacang</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">polong</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>:<span style=""> </span>14 </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">khromosom</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 125%; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Penelitian</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">berikutnya</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> :</span></p> <p style="line-height: 125%; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Khromosom</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tersusun</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dari</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">untaian</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> DNA (</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">asam</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">deoksiribo</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">nukleat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">). </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Susunan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> DNA </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dapat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">berubah</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-weight: bold;">è</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">sifat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">berubah</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 125%; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-weight: bold;">è</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pasangannya</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 125%; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Contoh</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> : </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pembuat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bibit</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">unggul</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p><br /><br /><p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">PERLUASAN RUANG HIDUP</span></p><br /><p style="line-height: 120%; margin-top: 2.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Bumi</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tidak</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bertambah</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">luasnya</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 120%; margin-top: 2.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Pertambahan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">penduduk</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">makin</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">cepat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 120%; margin-top: 2.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">lihat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tabel</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">berikut</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">:</span></p><br /><p style="line-height: 120%; margin-top: 2.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pertambahan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">penduduk</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> 1 </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">milyar</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dicapai</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">mulai</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> 100 </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tahun</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-weight: bold;">è</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> 60 </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tahun</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-weight: bold;">è</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> 15 </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tahun</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-weight: bold;">è</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> 12 </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tahun</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">.</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 120%; margin-top: 2.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Tugas</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ilmu</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pengetahuan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">teknologi</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">memecahkan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">masalah</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tersebut</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 120%; margin-top: 0.96pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 120%; margin-top: 2.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Yang </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">sudah</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">diusahakan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> :</span></p> <div style="line-height: 120%; margin-top: 2.4pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><span style="font-size: 80%;">-</span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Pembuatan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">rumah</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tingkat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ke</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">atas</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">/</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ke</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bawah</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></div> <span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Penyelidikan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> planet lain<br /></span> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">PENGERTIAN DAN MACAM SUMBER DAYA</span></p><br /><p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 2.04pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Sumber</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Daya</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Alam</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: yellow; font-weight: bold;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Segala</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">sesuatu</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">diperlukan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">oleh</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">organisme</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">hidup</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">populasi</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">atau</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ekosistem</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pengadaannya</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">hingga</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ke</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tingkat</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> yang optimum.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">*<span style=""> </span>Yang </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">termasuk</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">sumber</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">daya</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">alam</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Segala</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">keperluan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">hidup</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">organisme</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">seperti</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> : </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">materi</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">energi</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ruang</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">waktu</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">keanekaragaman</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Materi</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Energi</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Ruang</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Waktu</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Keanekaragaman</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">*<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Ditinjau</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dari</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bentuk</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dancara</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">memperolehnya</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">sumber</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">daya</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> <span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">alam</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">terdiri</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dari</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>1)<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Sumber</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">daya</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">alam</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">konvensional</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>2)<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Sumber</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">daya</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">alam</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> non </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">konvensional</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">teknologi</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">konvensional</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>- </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dengan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">teknologi</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">canggih</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">*<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Berdasarkan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">terbentuk</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bahan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">,<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">sumber</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">daya</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">alam</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> :</span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Dapat</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">diperbaharui</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Tidak</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dapat</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">diperbaharui</span><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p><br /><p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black; font-weight: bold;">PERKEMBANGAN IPA & TEKNOLOGI, HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN</span></p><br /><p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">Dampak</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">perkembangan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> IPA </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">Teknologi</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">perlu</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">diperhatikan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">Kesehatan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">lingkungan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">, </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">meliputi</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">ruang</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">lingkup</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">a.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Lingkup</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">keluarga</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">rumah</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tangga</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">)</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>1)<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">Penyediaan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> air </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">bersih</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>2)<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">Mendirikan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">rumah</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">sehat</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>3)<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">Membasmi</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">penyebaran-penyebaran</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">penyakit</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>4)<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">Pengawasan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">terhadap</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">pencemaran</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> air, </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">udara</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">tanah</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">b.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Lingkup</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">masyarakat</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>1)<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">Masalah</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> air: </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">pengolahanair</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">minum</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>2)<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">Masalah</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">sampah</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">: </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">penanganannya</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>▪ <span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-style: italic;">Insenerator</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">: </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">pembakaran</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">secara</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">besar-besaran</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;">è</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">panas</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">di</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">manfaatkan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>▪ <span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-style: italic;">Sanitary Land-fill</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">: </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">sampah</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">ditutup</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">tanah</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">berlapis</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;">è</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">penimbunan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">dataran</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">rendah</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">/</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">rawa-rawa</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>▪ <span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-style: italic;">Composing</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">pengolahan</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">pupuk</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">organik</span><span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">dipisahkan</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">bahan</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">sudah</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">busuk</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">dimasukkan</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">dalamlubang</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">tanah</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;">è</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">pembusukan</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">sampah</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> biogas </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">ditambah</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">kotoran</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">hewan</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">sampah</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> yang </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">dihancurkan</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">dapat</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">campuran</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">buatan</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">batu-bata</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;">è</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">briket</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">sebagai</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> media </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">pembuatan</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> PST (Protein </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">Sel</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> Tunggal) </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black;">è</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">teknologi</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">tinggi</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">ekstrak</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">sampah</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> media </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">mikroba</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;">penghasil</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> vitamin B12</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black;"> </span></p><br /><p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">PERKEMBANGAN IPA & TEKNOLOGI, DI BIDANG BIOTEKNOLOGI</span></p><br /><p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Teknologi</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">digunakan</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> :</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 4pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">1.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Bidang</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Kedokteran</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">diketemukannya</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">berbagai</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">obat</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">penyakit</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">menular</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">kanker</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, hepatitis, AIDS, </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> lain-lain.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">2.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Bidang</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Pertanian</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">: </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">rekayasa</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">genetika</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">3.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Bidang</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Industri</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> :</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Bakteri</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">membantu</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pengeluaran</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">minyak</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dari</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">tanah</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Dicoba</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bakteri</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">membantu</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pengeluaran</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">logam</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Bakteri</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">untuk</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">mengantisipasi</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pencemaran</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">minyak</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">.</span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">4.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Bidang</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Penyediaan</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Energi</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Pati</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">/</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">gula</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">alkohol</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Limbah</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pabrik</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">gula</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: super;">bakteri</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">metana</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 105%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Limbah</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pabrik</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">gula</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: super;">bakteri</span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">hidrogen<br /><br /></span> <p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: right; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">……… </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Perkembangan</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> IPA & </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Teknologi</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">, Di </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Bidang</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Bioteknologi</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> </span></p><br /><br /><p style="line-height: 130%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Bidang</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Makanan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">:</span></p> <p style="line-height: 130%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Hormon</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pertumbuhan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">utk</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">peningkatan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">produksi</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">sapi</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 130%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Enzim</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> protease </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-weight: bold;">è</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pembuatan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bir</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">bakteri</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Serratia</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Marcesens</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">)</span></p> <p style="line-height: 130%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Miroma</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">pembuatan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">keju</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dari</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">susu</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 130%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span>Interferon (anti virus </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">alamiah</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">) </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-weight: bold;">è</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">obat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">demam</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ternak</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">, </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">shg</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">daging</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">produknya</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">meningkat</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span></p> <span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Kue</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">mikroba</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> (rasa </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">keju</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">) </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black; font-weight: bold;">è</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dari</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">lendir</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ekstra</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">ganggang</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">Spirulina</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> Maxima </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;">dan</span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"> lain-lain.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br /><br /><p style="line-height: 110%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></p><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 39pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 39pt; font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 25pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20); font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 43pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);"><br /></span><br /><span style="font-size: 43pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: Calibri; color: black;"><br /></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 36pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);"><br /></span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 28pt; font-family: "Gill Sans MT"; color: rgb(87, 35, 20);"><br /></span>Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-6872978046970221762011-03-13T07:36:00.000-07:002011-03-13T07:38:57.686-07:00Psikologi umum ii<p style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;color:black;" >SEKOLAH TINGGI DHARMADUTA MAHAYANA</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;color:black;" >TANAH SUCI INDONESIA</span></p><p style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br /></p><span style=";font-family:";font-size:36pt;color:black;" >PSIKOLOGI UMUM<br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;color:black;" >PENGERTIAN PSIKOLOGI<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Psikologi (bahasa Yunani Kuno: psyche = jiwa dan logos = ilmu) </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Dalam arti bebas psikologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tentang jiwa/mental. </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Psikologi tidak mempelajari jiwa/mental itu secara langsung karena sifatnya yang abstrak, tetapi psikologi membatasi pada manifestasi dan ekspresi dari jiwa/mental tersebut yakni berupa tingkah laku dan proses atau kegiatannya, sehingga Psikologi dapat didefinisikan sebagai ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari tingkah laku dan proses mental</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;color:black;" > </span></div><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Beberapa definisi PSIKOLOGI<br /></span> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Ernest<span style=""> </span>Hilgert :</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Ilmu yang mempelajari tingkah laku manusia dan hewan</span><span style="font-weight: normal;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" > </span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >George A Miller :</span></p><span style="font-weight: normal;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Ilmu yang<span style=""> </span>berusaha menguraikan, meramalkan, dan mengendalikan peristiwa mental dan tingkah laku.<br /></span> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Robert<span style=""> </span>S Woodworth:</span></p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari aktivitas atau tingkah laku individu dalam hubungan dengan alam sekitarnya.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Sejarah Psikologi<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 5.28pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;color:black;" >Psikologi adalah ilmu yang tergolong muda (sekitar akhir 1800an.) Tetapi, manusia di sepanjang sejarah telah memperhatikan masalah psikologi. Seperti filsuf yunani terutama Plato dan Aristoteles. Setelah itu St. Augustine (354-430) dianggap tokoh besar dalam psikologi modern karena perhatiannya pada intropeksi dan keingintahuannya tentang fenomena psikologi. Descartes (1596-1650) mengajukan teori bahwa hewan adalah mesin yang dapat dipelajari sebagaimana mesin lainnya.<br /><br />Ia juga memperkenalkan konsep kerja refleks. Banyak ahli filsafat terkenal lain dalam abad tujuh belas dan delapan belas—Leibnits, Hobbes, Locke, Kant, dan Hume—memberikan sumbangan dalam bidang psikologi. Pada waktu itu psikologi masih berbentuk wacana belum menjadi ilmu pengetahuan.</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;color:black;" > </span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" ><br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Sejarah Psikologi<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Dalam perkembangan ilmu psikologi kemudian, ditandai dengan berdirinya laboratorium psikologi oleh Wundt (1879.) Pada saat itu pengkajian psikologi didasarkan atas metode ilmiah (eksperimental.)</span></div> <span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;" >Psikologi baru tercipta sebagai ilmu sejak akhir 1800-an yaitu sewaktu Wilhem Wundt mendirikan laboratorium psikologi pertama didunia<br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Sejarah Psikologi<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" >Pada tahun 1879 Wilhem Wundt mendirikan laboratorium Psikologi pertama di University of Leipzig, jerman. </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" >Dengan berdirinya laboratorium ini, metode ilmiah untuk lebih mamahami manusia telah ditemukan walau tidak terlalu memadai. </span></div> <span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" >Dengan berdirinya laboratorium ini pula, lengkaplah syarat psikologi untuk menjadi ilmu pengetahuan, sehingga tahun berdirinya laboratorium Wundt diakui pula sebagai tanggal berdirinya psikologi sebagai ilmu pengetahuan<br /><br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Perbedaan antara Jiwa dan Nyawa:<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:25pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:25pt;color:black;" >Pengertian jiwa dengan nyawa adalah berbeda. </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:25pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:25pt;color:black;" >Nyawa adalah daya jasmaniah yang adanya tergantung pada hidup jasmani dan menimbulkan perbuatan badaniah (organic behavior) yiatu perbuatan yang ditimbulkan oleh proses belajar, misal : insting, refelks, nafsu dan sebaginya</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:25pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:25pt;color:black;" >Sedang jiwa adalah : daya hidup rohaniah yang bersifat abstrak yang menjadi penggerak dan pengatur bagi sekalian perbuatan-perbuatan pribadi (personal behavior) dari hewan tingkat tinggi hingga manusia. </span></div> <span style=";font-family:";font-size:25pt;color:black;" >Perbuatan pribadi adalah perbuatan sebagai hasil proses belajar yang dimungkinkan oleh </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:25pt;color:black;" >keadaan jasmani, rohaniah dan sosial.<br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Perbedaan antara Jiwa dan Nyawa<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:25pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >Menurut Aristoteles, jiwa disebut sebagai anima yang terbagi dalam tiga macam jenis yaitu :</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >1. </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >A</span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >nima</span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" > vegetativa</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >, </span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >yaitu</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" > anima yang </span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >terdapat</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" > pada </span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >tumbuh-tumbuhan</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" > yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk makan, minum dan berkembangbiak</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >2. </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >Anima sensitiva</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >, yaitu anima yang terdapat dalam hewan. Anima ini </span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >memiliki kemampuan seperti anima vegetativa juga kemampuan</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" > untuk berpindah tempat, mempunyai nafsu, dapat mengamati, mengingat dan merasakan</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >3. </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >Anima intelektiva</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:25pt;color:black;" >, anima yang terdapat dalam diri manusia. Selain memiliki kemampuan seperti anima sensitiva juga mempunyai kemampuan berpikir dan berkemauanan</span></p><p style="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br /></p><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Fungsi Psikologi Sebagai Ilmu<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:30pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:30pt;" >Menjelaskan</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:30pt;" > : yaitu mampu menjelaskan apa, bagaimana, dan mengapa tingkah laku itu terjadi. Hasilnya penjelasan berupa deskripsi atau bahasan yang bersifat deskriptif.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 7.2pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:30pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:30pt;" >Memprediksikan</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:30pt;" > : yaitu mampu meramalkan atau memprediksikan apa, bagaimana, dan mengapa tingkah laku itu terjadi. Hasil prediksi berupa prognosa, prediksi atau estimasi.</span></div> <span style=";font-family:";font-size:30pt;" >Pengendalian</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:30pt;" > : yaitu mengendalikan tingkah laku sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Perwujudannya berupa tindakan atau treatment<br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Pendekatan Psikologi<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Tingkah laku dapat dijelaskan dengan cara yang berbeda-beda, dalam psikologi sedikitnya ada 5 cara pendekatan, yaitu</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.56in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="font-size:70%;">1.</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Pendekatan Neurobiological<br />Tingkah laku manusia pada dasarnya dikendalikan oleh aktivitas otak dan sistem syaraf. Pendekatan neurobiological berupaya mengaitkan prilaku yang terlihat dengan impuls listrik dan kimia yang terjadi didalam tubuh serta menentukan proses neurobiologi yang mendasari prilaku dan proses mental.</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" > </span></div> <span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Pendekatan Psikologi<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.56in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="font-size:70%;">2.</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Pendekatan Perilaku<br />Menurut pendekatan ini tingkah laku pada dasarnya adalah respon atas stimulus yang datang. Secara sederhana dapat digambarkan dalam model S – R atau suatu kaitan Stimulus - Respon. Ini berarti tingkah laku itu seperti reflek tanpa kerja mental sama sekali. Pendekatan ini dipelopori oleh J.B. Watson kemudian dikembangkan oleh banyak ahli, seperti Skinner, dan melahirkan banyak sub-aliran<br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" ><br />Pendekatan Psikologi</span><br /><br /></div><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Pendekatan Kognitif<br />Pendekatan ini menekankan bahwa tingkah laku adalah proses mental, dimana individu (organisme) aktif dalam menangkap, menilai, membandingkan, dan menanggapi stimulus sebelum melakukan reaksi. Jika dibuatkan model adalah sebagai berikut S - R. Individu menerima stimulus lalu melakukan proses mental sebelum memberikan reaksi atas stimulus yang datang.<br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Pendekatan Psikologi<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.56in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="font-size:70%;">4.</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Pendekatan Psikoanalisa<br />Pendekatan ini dikembangkan oleh Sigmund Freud. Ia meyakini bahwa kehidupan individu sebagian besar dikuasai oleh alam bawah sadar. Sehingga tingkah laku banyak didasari oleh hal-hal yang tidak disadari, seperti keinginan, implus, atau dorongan. Keinginan atau dorongan yang ditekan akan tetap hidup dalam alam bawah sadar dan sewaktu-waktu akan menuntut untuk dipuaskan.</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" > </span></div> <span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Pendekatan Psikologi<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.56in; text-indent: -0.56in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="font-size:70%;">4.</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Pendekatan Fenomenologi<br />Pendekatan ini lebih memperhatikan pada pengalaman subyektif individu karena itu tingkah laku sangat dipengaruhi oleh pandangan individu terhadap diri dan dunianya, konsep tentang dirinya, harga dirinya dan segala hal yang menyangkut kesadaran atau aktualisasi dirinya. Ini berarti melihat tingkah laku seseorang selalu dikaitkan dengan fenomena tentang dirinya.</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" > </span></div> <span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;" >Bidang kajian psikologi<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;" >Psikologi adalah ilmu yang luas dan ambisius, dilengkapi oleh biologi pada perbatasannya dengan ilmu alam dan dilengkapi oleh sosiologi dan anthropologi pada perbatasannya dengan ilmu sosial. beberapa kajian ilmu psikologi diantaranya adalah:</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Psikologi</span><span style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" > </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Perkembangan:</span></p><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >mempelajari perkembangan manusia dan faktor-faktor yang membentuk prilaku seseorang sejak lahir sampai lanjut usia<br /></span> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Psikopatologi:</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >mempelajari tindak kejahatan</span><span style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" > dan kriminal<br /></span></p><span style=";font-family:";font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Parapsikologi:<br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >mempelajari fenomena supernormal dengan alat-alat eksperimen atau alat-alat sistematis lain<br /></span> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Psikologi Komparatif </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" > </span></p><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Mempelajari tingkah laku manusia dibandingkan dengan tingkah laku hewan<br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;" >Bidang kajian psikologi<br /></span> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Psikologi Kepribadian:</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br /></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Mempelajari<span style=""> </span>tingkah laku manusia dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungannya, karena kepribadian adalah hasil dari perkembangan individu sejak masih kecil dan bagaimana cara individu itu sendiri dalam berinteraksi sosial dengan lingkungannya.</span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" > </span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" ><br /></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Psikologi Kognitif:</span></p><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Mempelajari<span style=""> </span>kemampuan kognisi, seperti: Persepsi, proses belajar, kemampuan memori, atensi, kemampuan bahasa dan emosi<br /></span> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Psikologi Sosial:</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Mempelajarihakekat</span><span style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" > dan sebab-sebab dari perilaku dan pikiran-pikiran individu dalam situasi sosial</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" ><br /></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Psikologi<span style=""> </span>Pendidikan:</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Mempelajari tingkah laku individu dalam situasi pendidikan yang meliputi</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br /></p><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" >Obyek<span style=""> </span>psikologi<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:70%;" >§</span></span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" > Setiap bidang ilmu harus memiliki obyek tertentu untuk dapat disebut ilmu.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:70%;" >§</span></span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" >Obyek tersebut adalah </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192); font-style: italic;font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" >obyek material</span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" > dan </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192); font-style: italic;font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" >obyek formal</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:70%;" >§</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192); font-style: italic;font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" >Obyek material<span style=""> </span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >adalah sesuatu yang dibahas, dipelajari atau diselidiki, atau suatu unsur yang ditentukan, atau sesuatu yang dijadkan sasaran pemikiran</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:70%;" >§</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 112, 192); font-style: italic;font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" >Obyek formal </span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >adalah cara memandang, cara meninjau yang dilakukan oleh seorang peneliti terhadap obyek materialnya. </span></div><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" >Obyek<span style=""> </span>psikologi:<br /></span> <span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Obyek material </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Obyek formal </span><span style=";font-family:";color:black;" >Definisi</span><br /> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;" > Psikologi </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;" > </span></p> <span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;" >Mempelajari jiwa dan tingkah laku</span><br /><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;" > Antropologi</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;" > Mempelajari jenis manusia dan semua aspek pengalamannya</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br /></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;" ><br /></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;" > </span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;" > Sosiologi</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;" > Mempelajari manusia dalam ikatan kelompok</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;" > </span></p> <p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Komunikasi </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;color:black;" >M</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;color:black;" >empelajari<span style=""> </span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;color:black;" >pernyataan antar manusia</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br /></p><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Metode psikologi<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" >Metode adalah cara atau jalan untuk memahami obyek yang menjadi sasaran ilmu ybs.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;" >Psikologi memiliki banyak metode al :</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="font-size:70%;">A.</span></span><span style="color: rgb(192, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;" >Metode eksperimental : </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:red;" >observasi atau pengamatan terhadap suatu kejadian atau gejala yang berlangsung di bawah kondisi atau syarat tertentu (dalam laboratorium).</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="font-size:70%;">B.</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;" >Metode non-eksperimental : </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;" >observasi atau pengamatan terhadap suatu kejadian atau gejala yang berlangsung di luar laboratorium</span></div> <div class="O4" style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 2.44in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="font-size:60%;">1.</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;" >Metode observasi</span></div> <div class="O4" style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 2.44in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="font-size:60%;">2.</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;" >Metode studi kasus</span></div> <div class="O4" style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 2.44in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="font-size:60%;">3.</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;" >Metode survey</span></div> <span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;" >Metode korelasional<br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" >Psikologi di masa filosof<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Pada zaman SM, jiwa manusia sudah menjadi topik pembahasan para filsuf. Saat itu para filsuf sudah membicarakan aspek-aspek kejiwaan manusia dan mereka mencari, pengertian, serta pelbagai aksioma umum, yang berlaku pada manusia.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Psikologi sangat dipengaruhi oleh cara-cara berpikir filsafat karenapara ahli psikologi pada masa itu adalah juga ahli filsafat atau para ahli filsafat waktu itu juga ahli psikologi</span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" > </span></div> <span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" >Psikologi di masa filosof<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >Para ahli filsafat kuno , seperti Plato sampai Aristoteles telah memikirkan hakikat jiwa dan gejala-gejalanya.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >Uraian para filsuf abad pertengahan umumnya berkisar seputar ketubuhan dan kejiwaan, yang digolongkan dalam dua pandangan:</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 5.28pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:22pt;"><span style=";font-size:70%;color:black;" >1.</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;color:black;" >Antara<span style=""> </span>ketubuhan dan kejiwaan tidak dapat dibedakan karena merupakan suatu kesatuan. Pandangan ini disebut<span style=""> </span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;" >Monisme </span></div><br /><div class="O1" style="margin-top: 5.28pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:22pt;"><span style=";font-size:70%;color:black;" >2.</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;color:black;" >Ketubuhan dan kejiwaan pada hakekatnya dapat berdiri sendiri, meskipun disadari bahwa antara kejiwaan dan ketubuhan merupakan ssatu kesatuan. Pandangan ini disebut </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;" >Dualisme<br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Psikologi di masa filosof<br /><br /></span> <p style="line-height: normal; margin: 0pt 0in; text-indent: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(0, 32, 96); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;" >Psikologi Plato</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:24pt;" > </span></p><br /><br /></div> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >•</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Jiwa bersifat immaterial, dan sudah ada di</span><span style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" > alam sensori<span style=""> </span><br /><span style=""> </span>sebelum masuk ke tubuh kita.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >•</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" > Jiwa menempati dua dunia, yaitu dunia sensoris<span style=""> </span><br /><span style=""> </span>(penginderaan) dan dunia idea (pikiran) </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;" >•</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span>jiwa adalah bagian manusia yang tidak dapat mati, setelah<br /><span style=""> </span>berulang kali dipenjarakan dalam badan lewat inkarnasi,<br /><span style=""> </span>akhirnya jiwa itu setelah disucikan oleh kesalahannya sendiri,<br /><span style=""> </span>mencapai dunia yang lebih luhur, dunia tempat kita<br /><span style=""> </span>memandang idea-idea yang murni dan abadi</span></div> <span style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" ><span style=""> </span>Plato melukiskan badan itu sebagai penjara dan kuburan bagi<br /><span style=""> </span>jiwa, kemudian sebagai alat atau sarana bagi jiwa<br /><br /><br /></span><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" >Psikologi di masa filosof:<br /></span> <p style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Psikologi Aristoteles</span></p> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Karya-karya Aristoteles di bidang Psikologi adalah </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-style: italic;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;" >De Anima </span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >(tentang sifat-sifat dasar jiwa) dan </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-style: italic;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;" >Parra Naturalia (mengenai beberapa topik seperti : sensasi, persepsi, memori, tidur, dan mimpi)</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Menurut Aristoteles tingkah laku organisme memperlihatkan tingkah laku sbb :</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="font-size:70%;">1.</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Tumbuhan : A</span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >nima</span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" > vegetativa</span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" > </span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.5in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="font-size:70%;">2.</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Hewan<span style=""> </span>: Anima sensitiva, </span></div> <span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Manusia<span style=""> </span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >: </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Anima intelektiva<br /><br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" >Psikologi di masa filosof<br /><br /></span> <p style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >Psikologi Rene Descartes</span></p> <div style="margin-top: 5.52pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:23pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:23pt;color:black;" >Manusia terdiri atas dua zat yang berbeda, yaitu res cogitans atau zat yang dapat berpikir, dan res extensa atau zat yang mempunyai luas</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.52pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:23pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:23pt;color:black;" >Res cogitans adalah zat yang bebas, tidak terikat pada hukum alam, dan bersifat rohaniah.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.52pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:23pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:23pt;color:black;" >Res Extensa adalah zat materi, tidak bebas, terikat dan dan dikuasai oleh hukum alam.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.52pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:23pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:23pt;color:black;" >Jiwa manusia terdiri atas zat roh, sedangkan badannya terdiri atas zat materi</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.52pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:23pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:23pt;color:black;" >Kedua zat berbeda ini dihubungkan melalui sebuah kelenjar didalam otak (kelenjar pineal)</span></div> <span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:23pt;color:black;" >Jiwa manusia berpokok pada kesadaran manusia atau pikirannya yang bebas, sedangkan raganya tunduk pada hukum hukum alamiah dan terikat pada nafsu-nafsunya.<br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:36pt;color:black;" >berpikir<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.96pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:29pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:29pt;color:black;" >Berpikir mencakup banyak aktivitas mental.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.96pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:29pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:29pt;color:black;" >Kita berpikir saat memutuskan apa yang akan kita beli di toko.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.96pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:29pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:29pt;color:black;" >Kita berpikir saat melamun sambil menunggu kuliah psikologi dimulai</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.96pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:29pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:29pt;color:black;" >Kita berpikir saat mencoba menjawab soal ujian di kelas</span></div> <span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:29pt;color:black;" >Kita berpikir saat menulis artikel, membaca buku, merencanakan liburan, menghkhawatirkan sesuatu, dsb<br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:36pt;color:black;" >berpikir<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >Berpikir adalah suatu kegiatan mental yang melibatkan kegiatan otak.</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:8pt;color:black;" > </span></p> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >Berpikir adalah memanipulasi data, fakta dan informasi untuk membuat keputusan berperilaku.</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" > </span></div> <p style="margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:8pt;color:black;" > </span></p> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >Kegiatan berpikir juga melibatkan seluruh pribadi manusia dan juga melibatkan perasaan dan kehendak manusia.</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:8pt;color:black;" > </span></p> <span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >Berpikir juga berarti berusaha secara mental untuk memahami sesuatu yang dialami atau mencari jalan keluar dari persoalan yang sedang dihadapi<br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:36pt;color:black;" >berpikir<br /></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;color:black;" >Dalam berpikir juga termuat kegiatan meragukan dan memastikan, merancang, menghitung, mengukur, mengevaluasi, membandingkan, menggolongkan, memilah-milah atau membedakan, menghubungkan, menafsirkan, melihat kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang ada, membuat analisis dan sintesis, menalar atau menarik kesimpulan dari premis-premis yang ada, menimbang dan memutuskan<br /><br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:36pt;color:black;" >berpikir<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Biasanya kegiatan berpikir dimulai ketika muncul keraguan dan pertanyaan untuk dijawab atau berhadapan dengan masalah yang perlu pemecahan</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Kegiatan berpikir juga dirangsang oleh kekaguman dan keheranan dengan apa yang terjadi atau dialami. Kekaguman atau keheranan tersebut menimbulkan </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Dalam pemakaian sehari-hari kata berpikir sering disamakan dengan bernalar.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Berpikir lebih luas dari sekadar bernalar.</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" > </span></div><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:36pt;color:black;" >berpikir<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >Bernalar adalah kegiatan pikiran untuk menarik kesimpulan dari premis-premis yang sebelumnya sudah diketahui</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:8pt;color:black;" > </span></p> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >Penalaran adalah kegiatan berpikir sesuai dengan logika</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:8pt;color:black;" > </span></p> <div style="margin-top: 6.24pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:26pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >Penalaran sebagai kegiatan berpikir logis belum menjamin bahwa kesimpulan yang ditarik atau pengetahuan yang dihasilkan pasti benar.</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:8pt;color:black;" > </span></p> <span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" >Penalaran yang benar merupakan unsur yang amat penting dalam kegiatan berpikir, dan dapat menunjang kegiatan berpikir yang benar.<br /><br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:36pt;color:black;" >berpikir<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Ciri-ciri utama dari berpikir adalah adanya abtraksi</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Sesuai dengan kemampuan abstraksi ini, pada seseorang akan meningkat pula kemampuan merumuskan sesuatu dengan tepat.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Berpikir secara garis besar dapat dibedakan menjadi berpikir alamiah dan berpikir ilmiah</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Berpikir alamiah adalah pola penalaran yang berdasarkan kebiasaan sehari-hari dari pengaruh alam sekelilingnya. Mis : penalaran tentang panasnya api yang dapat membakar , jika dikenakan kayu pasrti kayu tsb akan terbakar.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Berpikir ilmiah adalah pola penalaran berdasarkan sarana tertentu secara teratur dan cermat, mis :dua hal yang bertentangan penuh tidak dapat sebagi sifat hal tertentu pada saat yang sama dalam satu kesatuan.</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" > </span></div><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" >Macam-macam berpikir<br /><br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Berpikir autistik </span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >: sering disebut dengan melamun, al : menghayal, fantasi. Dengan berpikir autistik, seseorang melarikan diri dari kenyataan, dan melihat hidup sebagi gambar-gambar fantastis</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" > </span></p> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Berpikir realistik </span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >: sering disebut reasoning (nalar) adalah berpikir dalam rangka menyesuaikan diri dengan dunia nyata. Berpikir terbagi atas tiga macam yaitu : deduktif, induktif dan evaluatif</span></div> <span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" >Macam-macam berpikir<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Berpikir Deduktif </span><span style="color: rgb(78, 59, 48);font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >:</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >adalah mengambil kesimpulan dari dua pernyataan, yang pertama merupakan pernyataan umum. Dalam logika ini disebut silogisme. Contohnya :</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:70%;color:black;" >§</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Semua manusia akan mati (kesimpulan umum)</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:70%;color:black;" >§</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Andi adalah manusia (kesimpulan khusus)</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:70%;color:black;" >§</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Jadi, Andi akan mati (kesimpulan deduksi)</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:8pt;color:black;" > </span></p> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:70%;color:black;" >§</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Semua manusia bernapas dengan paru-paru (premis mayor)</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:70%;color:black;" >§</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Kerbau bernapas dengan paru-paru (premis minor)</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:70%;color:black;" >§</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Jadi, Kerbau adalah manusia (kesimpulan salah)<span style=""> </span></span></div> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:70%;color:black;" >§</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Ini disebut silogisme semu, atau kesimpulan deduksi yang tidak bisa kita terima</span></div><br /><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" >Macam-macam berpikir<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;" >Berpikir Induktif </span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >: adalah menarik suatu kesimpulan umum dari berbagai kejadian (data) yang ada di sekitarnya. </span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >É</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Contoh : seorang guru mengadakan eksperimen menanam biji-bijian bersama murid-muridnya; jagung ditanam, tumbuh ke atas; kacang tanah ditanam, tumbuhnya ke atas pula; biji-bijian lain demikian pula. Kesimpulannya : semua batang tanaman tumbuhnya ke atas mencari sinar matahari.</span></div> <p style="margin-top: 1.92pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:8pt;color:black;" > </span></p> <div style="margin-top: 6.72pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:28pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" >Tepat tidaknya kesimpulan yang diambil secarainduktif ini tergantung pada representatif atau tidaknya sampel yang diambil.</span></div><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" >Macam-macam berpikir<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 32, 96); font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;" >Berpikir Evaluatif </span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >: ialah berpikir kritis, menilai bai buruknya, tepat atau tidaknya suatu gagasan.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Dalam berpikir evaluatif, kita tidak menambah atau mengurangi gagasan. Kita menilainya menurut kriteria tertentu.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Proses berpikir pada dasarnya ditentukan oleh berbagai macam faktor.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Suatu masalah mungkin menimbulkan pemecahan yang berbeda-beda.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.76pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:24pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:24pt;color:black;" >Faktor yang mempengaruhi jalannya berpikir al: </span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >É</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Bagaimana seseorang melihat atau memahami masalah tersebut</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >É</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Pengalaman-pengalaman orang tsb</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: justify; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >É</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Inteligensi orang tersebut</span></div> <span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;" >Proses berpikir<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 5.28pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;color:black;" >Proses atau jalannya berpikir itu pada pokoknya ada tiga langkah, yaitu :<br />1. Pembentukan Pengertian<br />Pengertian, atau lebih tepatnya disebut pengertian logis di bentuk melalui tiga tingkatan, sebagai berikut:<br /></span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.28pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;color:black;" >a. </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;color:black;" >Menganalisis ciri-ciri dari sejumalah obyek yang sejenis</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;color:black;" >. Obyek tersebut kita perhatikan unsur - unsurnya satu demi satu. Misalnya maupun membentuk pengertian manusia. Kita ambil manusia dari berbagai bangsa lalu kita analisa ciri-ciri misalnya :<br /></span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.28pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;color:black;" >Manusia Indonesia, ciri - cirinya :<br />* Mahluk hidup<br />* Berbudi<br />* Berkulit sawo mateng<br />* Berambut hitam<br />* Dan sebagainya</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;color:black;" > </span></div><br /><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;" >Proses berpikir<br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 5.28pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:22pt;color:black;" >Manusia Eropa, ciri - cirinya :<br />* Mahluk hidup<br />* Berbudi<br />* Berkulit Putih<br />* Berambut pirang atau putih<br />* Bermata biru terbuka<br />* Dan sebagainya<br /></span></div> <div style="margin-top: 5.28pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:22pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:22pt;color:black;" >Manusia Negro, ciri - cirinya:<br />* Mahluk hidup<br />* Berbudi<br />* Berkulit htam<br />* Berambut hitam kriting<br />* Bermata hitam melotot<br />* Dan sebagainya</span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:22pt;color:black;" > </span></div><br /><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;" >Proses berpikir<br /><br /></span> <div style="margin-top: 7.68pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" >Manusia Cina, ciri - cirinya:<br />* Mahluk Hidup<br />* Berbudi<br />* Berkulit kuning<br />* Berambut hitam lurus<br />* Bermata hitam sipit<br />* Dan sebagainya<br />Dan manusia yang lain - lainnya lagi.</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;color:black;" > </span></div> <div style="margin-top: 7.68pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" >b. </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" >Membanding - bandingkan ciri tersebut </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" >untuk diketemukan ciri - ciri mana yang sama, mana yang tidak sama, mana yang selalu ada dan mana yang tidak selalu ada mana yang hakiki dan mana yang tidak hakiki.<br />c. </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" >Mengabstraksikan</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" >, yaitu menyisihkan, membuang, ciri-ciri yang tidak hakiki, menangkap cirri-ciri yang hakiki. Pada contoh di atas ciri - ciri yang hakiki itu ialah: Makhluk hidup yang berbudi.</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" > </span></div><br /><div style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >2. </span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Pembentukan Pendapat</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" ><br />Membentuk pendapat adalah meletakkan hubungan antara dua buah pengertian atau lebih. Pendapat yang dinyatakan dalam bahasa disebut kalimat, yang terdiri dari pokok kalimat atau subyek dan sebutan atau predikat.</span></div> <div style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Selanjutnya pendapat dapat dibedakan menjadi 3 macam yaitu :</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >É</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Pendapat Afirmatif atau positif</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >, yaitu pendapat yang menyatakan keadaan sesuatu, Misalnya Sitotok itu pandai, Si Ani Rajin dan sebagainya.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >É</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Pendapat Negatif</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >, Yaitu Pendapat yang menidakkan, yang secara tegas menerangkan tentang tidak adanya seuatu sifat pada sesuatu hal : Misalnya Sitotok itu Bodoh Si Ani Malas dan sebagainya.</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.81in; text-indent: -0.31in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:20pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >É</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >Pendapat Modalitas atau kebarangkalian</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" >, Yaitu Pendapat yang menerangkan kebarangkalian, kemungkinan - kemungkinan sesuatu sifat pada sesuatu hal ; misalnya hari ini mungkin hujan, Si Ali Mungkin tidak Datang. Dan sebagainya.</span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" > </span></div><br /><br /><div style="margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:25pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:25pt;color:black;" >3. </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:25pt;color:black;" >Penarikan Kesimpulan atau Pembentukan Keputusan</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:25pt;color:black;" ><br />Keputusan adalah hasil perbuatan akal untuk membentuk pendapat baru berdasarkan pendapat-pendapat yang telah ada. Ada 3 macam keputusan, Yaitu<br />a. </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:25pt;color:black;" >Keputusan induktif</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:25pt;color:black;" ><br />yaitu keputusan yang diambil dari pendapat - pendapat khusus menuju ke satu pendapat umum. Misalnya :<br />Tembaga di panaskan akan memuai<br />Perak di panaskan akan memuai<br />Besi di panaskan akan memuai<br />Kuningan di panaskan akan memuai Jadi (kesimpulan). Bahwa semua logam kalau dipanaskan akan memuai (Umum)</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:25pt;color:black;" > </span></div><br /><div style="margin-top: 7.68pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" >b. Keputusan Deduktif<br /></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" >Keputusan deduktif ditarik dari hal yang umum ke hal yang khusus , Jadi berlawanan dengan keputusan induktif. Misalnya : Semua logam kalau dipanaskan memuai (umum), tembaga adalah logam. Jadi (kesimpulan) : tembaga kalau dipanaskan memuai Contoh lain : Semua manusia terkena nasib mati, Si Karto adalah manusia Jadi pada suatu hari si Karto akan mati.</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" > </span></div><br /><div style="margin-top: 7.68pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; text-indent: -0.38in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size:32pt;"><span style="color: rgb(240, 162, 46);font-family:";font-size:70%;" >Ò</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" >c. Keputusan Analogis</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" ><br />Keputusan Analogis adalah Keputusan yang diperoleh dengan jalan membandingkan atau menyesuaikan dengan pendapat-pendapat khusus yang telah ada. Misalnya : Totok anak pandai, naik kelas (Khusus). Jadi (kesimpulan) Si Nunung anak yang pandai itu, tentu naik kelas.</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;color:black;" > </span></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;" ><br /></span><br /><span style=";font-family:";font-size:32pt;" ><br /></span><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" ><br /></span><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" ><br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; color: rgb(78, 59, 48); text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:32pt;" ><br /></span><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:36pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:36pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:36pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:26pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:36pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:29pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:36pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:23pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" > </span></p><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:20pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><br /><br /><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;" ><br /></span><br /><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:28pt;color:black;" ><br /></span><br /><span style="font-variant: normal; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;font-family:Calibri;font-size:28pt;color:black;" ><br /><br /><br /><br /></span>Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-80175090129143158432010-04-15T23:15:00.001-07:002010-04-16T04:53:17.255-07:00Undangan Regresi Hipnoterapi melihat kehidupan lalu<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLAuWpDrKSCJpvwWjIMtrJSP3Hg-crDtQ6Hn0D_z2prBYtHko2S5RM9AYs1fhsSYE83j_WHwOcSYBFkrzZXG08YezdeUsVZwnZ3cvHveaQRoC9ZXSLfPHrtjPtzqIgIY2HgmRjcqvWJLk1/s1600/16042010(002).jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLAuWpDrKSCJpvwWjIMtrJSP3Hg-crDtQ6Hn0D_z2prBYtHko2S5RM9AYs1fhsSYE83j_WHwOcSYBFkrzZXG08YezdeUsVZwnZ3cvHveaQRoC9ZXSLfPHrtjPtzqIgIY2HgmRjcqvWJLk1/s400/16042010(002).jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5460702068167084386" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDlCBNcXt8UbgIvGC63B8PvcyGrUsjA0H-e8-6gyt4GQ-PX00cLIlz0hL-PN-19Cz-VsaulC2qWxQo4A0S5wWfazQCZxlK9wlaOblWKSKr21kyyExWndR-tGCdZv0T7nvvxupmWoAibzI/s1600/aquaom1024x768.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDlCBNcXt8UbgIvGC63B8PvcyGrUsjA0H-e8-6gyt4GQ-PX00cLIlz0hL-PN-19Cz-VsaulC2qWxQo4A0S5wWfazQCZxlK9wlaOblWKSKr21kyyExWndR-tGCdZv0T7nvvxupmWoAibzI/s400/aquaom1024x768.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5460613683202718450" border="0" /></a><br />Ditulis oleh: Master Tjung teck<br />Regresi hipnoterapi untuk melihat kehidupan masa lampau dan masa akan datang merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari tentang kehidupan jiwa<br />orang yang tersimpan di dalam otak kanan dan kiri manusia dan belahan jiwa seseorang dari setiap kehidupan ke kehidupan yang berikutnya itu<br />keterangan dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail:www.candasilo@yahoo.com atau E_Mail:www.Tjung_Teck@yahoo.com Hipnoterapi dan Physicology Buddhis<br /><br />Regresi kehidupan lalu merupakan hal yang jarang di pakai oleh setiap manusia karena kehidupan sekarang adalah kehidupan sekarang jadi gapain lagi kembali mengigat kehidupan masa lalu yang telah berlalu sekian lama itu,nah begitu angapan setiap insan manusia yang selalu sibuk dengan setiap ativitasnya sehari-hari itu,<br />jadi setiap kehidupan kita sebagai umat manusia yang banyak di bebani oleh tangung jawab baik pribadi dan rumah tangganya itu sampai kehidupan masyarakat ini tidak luput oleh setiap permasalahan kehidupan sehari-hari yang selalu tersimpan dan terpendam di dalam kehidupan manusia itu sehari-hari,sehingga semua yang terjadi dari kehidupan masa lampau pun ada yang teringat dan ada yang tidak teringat kembali lagi,<br />namun semua itu kembali pada kehidupan kita untuk mulai ingin mengetahui kehidupan kita sebelumnya itu,tentunya dengan regresi hipnoterapi melihat kehidupan masa lalu,mengapa tidak....?karena kehidupan apa yang kita lalui semua sudah di lupakan dan terlupakan dan kadang-kadang kita lupa siapa diri kita ini ..? dan kehidupan siap kita ini sebelumnya.?yang mengalami banyak proses kehidupan dari sebelumnya itu.<br /><br />Regresi Hipnoterapi ini dapat di lakukan dalam melihat kehidupan lalu,asal kita bisa mencapai ketenangan dalam diri kita yang tak bisa dilakukan oleh orang yang selalu sibuk oleh berbagai pekerjaan,sehingga semua ini muncul strees di dalam kehidupan yang selalu menghantuinya itu,jadi banyak kehidupan orang yang tertekan oleh situasi dan kondisi di saat itu orang menjadi strees dan menjadi pemarah penuh emosional dan tak terkendali,sehingga masalah yang kacau menjadi makin kacau<br />yang sering terjadi di dalam kehidupan kita sebagai umat manusia itu,kemudian kita merasa menyesal dan menyalakan diri sendiri dan ke pada orang lain,ini adalah salah satu perbuatan yang sering terjadi di dalam kehidupan kita sebagai umat manusia itu dan selalu begitu,sejak itu kita mulai tertekan dan sakit yang mendalam oleh kehidupan itu yang membuat kita terpendam dan tersimpan di dalam kehidupan kita yang berlalut-lalut dan menjadi kita sakit dan sakit terus karena tidak perna akan melihat kembali dan melepasa apa yang terpendam rasa sakit itu,seperti<br />itu orang akan mengalami stress yang berkepanjangan dan tersimpan di dalam pikiran dan lubuk hatinya baik itu,cinta,penderitaan,penindasan,perpisahan,dukkha,memjumpai orang yang di cintai dan menjumpai orang yang di benci,sakit hati,loba,dosa,moha,dan irsia sampai dengan kebodohan dan sebaginya yang ada di dalam kehidupan kita sebagai umat manusia itu,Banyak orang hidupnya lebih banyak sakitnya atau dukkhanya dari pada kebahagianya itu bisa di lihat dari semua prospek kehidupan dari keluarga sampai kehidupan bermasyarakat itu.Namun semua itu kembali kepada kehidupan kita untuk dalam<br />pengendalian dari semua kehidupan itu untuk tujuan kehidupan kita itu bisa lebih baik dari kehidupan sebelumnya baik dukkha dan bahagia itu sebagai dasar pengalaman kehidupan kita sebelumnya itu.<br /><br />Regresi Hipnoterapi merupaka terapi yang bertujuan untuk melihat kembali kehidupan masa lalu kita baik yang buruk dan baik yang jahat itu bisa kita perbaiki kembali dengan tujuan kehidupan ini bisa lebih baik dari sebelumnya dan terus ingin memperbaikinya selama kehidupan kita berlangsung,jadi Hipnoterapi ini banyak di pergunakan apabila orang mengalami stress dan sakit atau dukkha yang sangat dalam yang tidak mau melepaskannya dan selalu terpendam di dalam masa kehidupan dan kehidupan lainya itu,tentunya semua itu niat tujuan kita ingin melepaskan atau memedamnya atau tersimpan selamanya masalah kehidupan kita tergantung oleh<br />kehidupan masing-masing itu.Regresi kehidupan lalu ini akan mengantarkan anda untuk mencapai ketenangan dalam diri anda,dan memasuki salah satu kehidupan lalu anda yang bisa memberikan dampak dan pelajaran yang positif bagi kehidupan sekarang.Banyak metode yang tentunya bertujuan yang sama dengan menenangkan orang yang tidak tenang dan gelisa itu bisa membuatnya merasa tenang dan nyaman dalam hidupnya itu,tentunya banyak yang dilakukan oleh pakar Hipnoterapi mencari tempat dan suasana yang tenang dan damai untuk melakukan regresi Hipnoterapi itu,<br />seperti:<br />1.melakukan regresi di ruangan yang tenang<br />2.Posisi tubuh bisa berbaring atau duduk yang nyaman<br />3.latihan sampai Anda menguasainya<br /><br />Regresi Hipnoterapi cuman tiga pilihan dalam regresi antara lain yaitu:<br />1.Perintahan atau sugesti untuk tidur<br />2.Perintahan atau sugesti untuk bagun dari tidur<br />3.Perintahan atau sugesti untuk anda normal kembali<br /><br />Regresi Hipnoterapi ada dua Metode untuk memasuki keadaan mencapai ketenangan diri anda yaitu:<br /><br />1.Metode Visualisasi<br />1.Anda dalam posisi di tempat regresi Hipnoterapi dan siap di regresi hipnoterapi<br />2.Anda dalam berada posisi duduk atau berbaring<br />3.Anda dalam keadaan rilek posisi duduk atau berbaring<br />4.Anda dalam keadaan mata terpenjam atau tertutup dan merasakan rilek<br />5.Anda dalam keadaan melihat ada cahaya di atas kepala Anda<br />6.Anda dalam keadaan melihat cahaya di atas kepala Anda dan masuk ke dalam kepala Anda dan membuat Anda merasa rilek dan segar,kemudian cahaya itu menerangi<br />di dalam kepala Anda.<br />7.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke muka anda dan menerangi semua wajah Anda dan rilek<br />8.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke leher Anda dan rilek<br />9.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke bahu kiri dan kanan Anda dan rilek<br />10.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun dada Anda dan rilek<br />11.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke dua tangan Anda dan rilek<br />12.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke perut Anda dan rilek<br />13.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke dua kaki Anda<br />14.Anda melihat Cahaya itu perlahan-lahan sampai di telapak kaki Anda dan rilek<br /><br />kemudian Anda akan di regresi dengan kondisi yang keadaan tenang dalam diri Anda dan rilek yang sangat dalam dan Anda tertidur dan dalam keadaan sangat mengantuk dan Anda tertidur<br />300 lebih dalam,kemudian Anda tertidur dan perlahan-lahan Anda berada di lorong sebuah cahaya dan Anda berada di dalam lorong Cahaya itu,dengan hitungan mundur dari 15 sampai satu Anda perlahan-lahan berjalan di lorong itu<br />dan di depan lorong sebuah cahaya itu ada pintu dan sampai hitungan ke dua Anda sudah sampai di depan pintu itu dan membukanya, dan sampai hitungan ke satu Anda masuk kedalam pintu cahaya itu dan Anda sekarang berada di dalam ruangan Cahaya itu<br />,kemudian bairkan Anda merasa rilek dan nyaman di dalam ruangan itu dan biarkan gambar-gambar itu terlihat dan muncul di depan Anda,setelah itu Anda sudah masuk ke dalam kehidupan masa lalu Anda.<br /><br /><br /><br />2.Medode Waktu<br /><br />Regresi Hipnoterapi Visualisasi dan mencari waktu di saat Regresi dengan tentunya sugesti-sugesti pertanyakan-pertanyakan ke pada Anda<br /><br />1.Anda dalam posisi di tempat regresi Hipnoterapi dan siap di regresi hipnoterapi<br />2.Anda dalam berada posisi duduk atau berbaring<br />3.Anda dalam keadaan rilek posisi duduk atau berbaring<br />4.Anda dalam keadaan mata terpenjam atau tertutup dan merasakan rilek<br />5.Anda dalam keadaan melihat ada cahaya di atas kepala Anda<br />6.Anda dalam keadaan melihat cahaya di atas kepala Anda dan masuk ke dalam kepala Anda dan membuat Anda merasa rilek dan segar,kemudian cahaya itu menerangi<br />di dalam kepala Anda.<br />7.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke muka anda dan menerangi semua wajah Anda dan rilek<br />8.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke leher Anda dan rilek<br />9.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke bahu kiri dan kanan Anda dan rilek<br />10.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun dada Anda dan rilek<br />11.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke dua tangan Anda dan rilek<br />12.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke perut Anda dan rilek<br />13.Anda melihat cahaya itu perlahan-lahan turun ke dua kaki Anda<br />14.Anda melihat Cahaya itu perlahan-lahan sampai di telapak kaki Anda dan rilek<br /><br />kemudian Anda akan di regresi dengan kondisi yang keadaan tenang dalam diri Anda dan rilek yang sangat dalam dan Anda tertidur dan dalam keadaan sangat mengantuk dan Anda tertidur<br />300 lebih dalam,kemudian Anda tertidur dan perlahan-lahan Anda berada di lorong sebuah cahaya dan Anda berada di dalam lorong Cahaya itu,dengan hitungan mundur dari 15 sampai satu Anda perlahan-lahan berjalan di lorong itu<br />dan di depan lorong sebuah cahaya itu ada pintu dan sampai hitungan ke dua Anda sudah sampai di depan pintu itu dan membukanya, dan sampai hitungan ke satu Anda masuk kedalam pintu cahaya itu dan Anda sekarang berada di dalam ruangan Cahaya itu<br />,kemudian bairkan Anda merasa rilek dan nyaman di dalam ruangan itu dan biarkan gambar-gambar itu terlihat dan muncul di depan Anda,setelah itu Anda sudah masuk ke dalam kehidupan masa lalu Anda.<br /><br />kemudian Anda keadaan tertidur tetapi bukan tidur jadi setiap pertanyakan dan sugesti di berikan kepada Anda seperti:<br />1.Anda tertidur Anda berada di dalam ruangan atau di luar ruangan<br />2.kalau di dalam ruangan Anda tertidur sangat dalam<br />3.saya mau Anda mengigat kembali masa SMA Anda selama duduk di bangku sekolah bersama siapa Anda ?sekarang dan ada siapa disana,Apa yang dukkha dan bahagia saat itu?.<br />4.kemudian saya mau Anda kembali mengigat semasa duduk di bangku sekolah SMP disana ada siapa?,bersama siapa di saat sekarang ?dan masalah apa yang membuat Anda dukkha dan bahagia?.<br />5.sekarang saya mau anda kembali mengigat semasa duduk di bangku sekolah SD di sana ada siap?,bersama siapa di saat sekarang ?dan masalah apa yang membuat Anda dukkha dan bahagia?.<br />6.sekarang saya mau anda kembali mengigat semasa kanak-kanak Anda bersama keluaraga anda ada siapa?,bersama siapa di saat sekarang ?dan masalah apa yang membuat anda dukkha dan bahagia?.<br />7.sekarang saya mau anda kembali mengigat semasa Anda berada di kandungan perut ibu anda ada siapa?,bersama siapa di saat sekarang ?dan masalah apa yang membuat anda dukkha dan bahagia?.<br />8.sekarang saya mau anda kembali mengigat semasa Anda masih menjadi janin di perut anda ada siapa?,bersama siapa di saat sekarang ?dan masalah apa yang membuat anda dukkha dan bahagia?.<br />9.sekarang saya mau anda kembali mengigat semasa Anda masih belum menjadi janin di perut anda ada siap?.bersama siapa di saat sekarang ?dan masalah apa yang membuat anda dukkha dan bahagia?.<br /><br />Disaat regresi hipnoterapi pun memasuki tahap higher self dan future lives yang semua bisa di pertanyakan dengan sugesti-sugerti yang apa inginkan seperti:<br />1.Anda siapa sekarang?<br />2.Anda berada dimana sekarang?<br />3.Anda berasal dari mana sekarang?<br />4.kehidupan Anda siapa sekarang?<br />5.tinggal dimana Anda sekarnag?<br />6.Tempat dan negara mana anda sekarang?<br />7.Apa yang membuat anda dukkha dan bahagia sekarang?<br />8.dan sebaginya<br />9.Anda bangun dari tidur<br />10.Regresi Hipnoterapi selesai dan semua normal kembali<br /><br />kemudian Regresi hipnoterapi pun selesai dan ini tuntunan melihat kehidupan masa lalu Anda dan di saat bersamaan juga<br />bisa melihat dan melatihnya dengan baik.begitu juga dengan undangan dari Vihara Paduma di mana ada Regresi Hipnoterapi dari Saudari Nathalia Sunaidi yang kebetulan mengundang bhante untuk melihat pertunjukan Regresi Hipnoterapi kehidupan masa lalu,<br />kemudian bhante sendiri langsung melihat regresi Hipnoterapi dengan awalnya saudari Nathalia pun memberi sambutan dan pengenalan sampai dengan mulai mempertunjukan regresi Hipnoterapi dengan mulai menyuruh permisa atau penonton untuk berdiri dan tangan kanan di angkat dan dua jari telunjuk dan jempol di satukan atau di lengket oleh lem yang kuat dari sugesti dari saudari Nathalia seoleh-oleh benar di lem oleh lem yang sangat kuat,kemudian Saudari Nathalia pun lupakan dan lepas perlahan dan lepaskan,akan<br />tetapi setalah di lihat ada yang lepas dan ada yang tidak bisa lepas dan di saat itu Saudari Nathalia pun memangil siapa yang tidak bisa lepas maju kedepan,kemudian penonton yang yang tangannya tadi tidak bisa lepas satu persatu maju kedepan dan saudari Nathalia pun mulai mempertunjukan kebolehanya dengan regresi Hipnoterapi lebih dalam,jadi begini setelah para penonton sudah berada di pangung dan berbaris dengan tangan yang masih lengket itu pun ada yang pucat wajahnya dan merah,kemudian saudari Nathalia<br />pun mensugesti lagi dengan mengatakan sekarang tangan yang lengket itu di pindahkan kekaki kanan kemudian mereka memgikuti sugestinya dan apa yang terjadi ada lengket kakinya tangannya lepasa dan ada yang terlepas dua-duanya dan di kembalikan ke tempat duduknya masing-masing dan yang kakinya masih lengket itu ?di sugesti dengan perintahan lepas Anda normal kembali dan Anda duduk di pangung dan melanjutkan regersi berikutnya,kemudian anda di pergunakan regresi sampai yang mendalam sampai bisa melihat kehidupan<br />masa lalunya seperti:ada yang perna terlahir di eropa,cina,inggris,dan indonesia sampai ada yang dulunya wanita kehidupan lalunya dan kehidupannya sekarang seorang laki-laki dan sangat menarik setelah melihat langsung Regresi Hipnoterapi itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-84818066073483681382010-03-18T06:09:00.001-07:002011-02-16T18:45:00.069-08:00Genius Mind dari Aktivasi otak Tengah<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" 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href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs-bPDhkUQ7n_1fe3Mz7ht3gWlY51_zgGZ-omWBzlFOFNAPLfD89xfG0-8-i1y7KKIDXyypmKRvgp5Dr8Pc-b7sf4vjzismDuT6EP43ygfSdbhG0uUvJRME7-eIN254ciiNDDi8AVXNEFn/s1600/otak.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 300px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs-bPDhkUQ7n_1fe3Mz7ht3gWlY51_zgGZ-omWBzlFOFNAPLfD89xfG0-8-i1y7KKIDXyypmKRvgp5Dr8Pc-b7sf4vjzismDuT6EP43ygfSdbhG0uUvJRME7-eIN254ciiNDDi8AVXNEFn/s400/otak.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5574483762166734514" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2unPxFq0oxqzKvhS1rnfK_YgWeGUHuuK575SyqK9AYeBXeRnAx8y7jbA5PrFEmWZrm3ouoZ2TiAe3TYlObFzfOaPcSIJKwGwSo7CeaoQiyCwBF4GnpnHNj4LnpRCO2zPHoV_0yexzw2Eq/s1600-h/picture-of-brain.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 312px; height: 322px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2unPxFq0oxqzKvhS1rnfK_YgWeGUHuuK575SyqK9AYeBXeRnAx8y7jbA5PrFEmWZrm3ouoZ2TiAe3TYlObFzfOaPcSIJKwGwSo7CeaoQiyCwBF4GnpnHNj4LnpRCO2zPHoV_0yexzw2Eq/s400/picture-of-brain.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5451677694204136290" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:180%;" >I'can lake science and I'am want to life science to human life with the world science.</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 204, 0);font-size:180%;" >Aktivasi otak tengah merupakan jembatan untuk menjalakan fungsi otak kiri dan kanan</span>.<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji64zh-SoF83eZGon78G6TbEce2nGnOsFIFtzZZG9p75VX4ZLj8FBj6v1bJb3dGPVXhdjDUYaXIgfy__lWC8IaxlokPJuL3Gt8gfaN4v7UVhlULmK5LIG1szBma-S8KqQfIA_Nv0RFHgXX/s1600/04042010(010).jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji64zh-SoF83eZGon78G6TbEce2nGnOsFIFtzZZG9p75VX4ZLj8FBj6v1bJb3dGPVXhdjDUYaXIgfy__lWC8IaxlokPJuL3Gt8gfaN4v7UVhlULmK5LIG1szBma-S8KqQfIA_Nv0RFHgXX/s400/04042010(010).jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5456532466777884786" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">PT. Genius Mind Consultancy Indonesia</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Budi / Mr. Chai 0819643168/06191033001</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">atau Mr. Tjung teck 08192023157</span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Alamat Email: Budi_jaya168@yahoo.com atau Tjung_teck@yahoo.com</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);font-size:180%;" >Ikan lumba-lumba</span> : <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);font-size:180%;" ><span style="font-style: italic;">kasih sayang dan cerdas </span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:180%;" >Berpikir di luar lingkaran<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:180%;" >PATHWAY TO GENIUS :<span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">JALAN UNTUK SEORANG GENIUS</span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:180%;" ><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">LINGKARAN MERUPAKAN GELOMBANG OTAK</span></span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:180%;" ><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-style: italic;font-family:times new roman;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Tujuan untuk pendidikan</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:180%;" ><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-style: italic;font-family:times new roman;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Genius Mind dari Aktivasi otak Tengah</span></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:180%;" ><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-style: italic;font-family:times new roman;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Masalah terbesar Manusia saat ini : <span style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);">Otak manusia </span>95 % <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Tidak dipakai.</span></span></span></span></span><br /></div><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:180%;" ><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255); font-style: italic;font-family:times new roman;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">Memori</span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 255, 51);font-size:180%;" >konsentrasi</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">GMC MEMILIKI JAWABANNYA</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 204, 204);font-size:180%;" >AKTIVASI OTAK TENGAH</span><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);font-size:180%;" >MANFAAT AKTIVASI OTAK TENGAH :<br /></span><ol><li style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:180%;">MENIGKATKAN KONSENTRASI</span></li><li style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:180%;">MENIGKATKAN DAYA INGAT</span></li><li style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:180%;">MENIGKATKAN KREATIVITAS</span></li><li style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:180%;">MENIGKATKAN DAYA PAHAM</span></li><li style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:180%;">MENIGKATKAN TALENTA</span></li><li style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51); text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:180%;">MENYEIMBANGKAN HORMON</span></li><li style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);"><span style="font-size:180%;">MENGUBAH KARAKTER</span></li><li><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 255, 51);font-size:180%;" >MENSTABILKAN EMOSI</span></li></ol><br /><br />Banyak orang di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari cenderung aktifnya lebih banyak mengunakan otak kiri untuk berpikir dan bekerja sampai dengan kekuatan otot yang seperti kuli,pekerja kator dan pekerja berat sehingga setelah bekerja merasa capek dan letih bagian otak kiri karena otak kiri dengan konsentrasi dengan 1.logika 2.hitungan 3. Berbicara 4. Membaca 5. Menulis 6. Analisa sampai keseimbangan tidak stabil sehingga banyak bekerja dan otak kiri terasa letih dan capek sedangkan otak sebelah kanan saja dipakai juga akan hal demikian bagi orang yang selalu melakukan kegitan sehari -hari dengan mengunakan otak kanan maka biasanya akan muncul 1.kepribadian 2.Kreativitas 3.Intuisi 4. Implementasi 5.Performa yang akan muncul di dalam kehidupannya sebagai individu seorang manusia, akan tetapi semua itu banyak terdapat kehidupan ini yang menjalankan kehidupan sehari-hari yang sebenarnya kalau kita dapat mengetahuinya lebih lanjut dengan kondisi bagian otak ini maka lebih baik mulai untuk belajar untuk mengunakan otok kiri dan kanan yang supaya bekerja lebih seimbang dari pada mengunakan salah satunya, dalam dunia mengAktivasi otak tengah banyak menghasilkan kemajuan pesat di bidang ilmu pengetahunan ini jauh lebih berkembang dari kehidupan itu jadi kalau melihat setiap program Aktifasi otak tengah banyak hasil yang bisa di lihat dengan kajaiban kehidupan manusia itu tentuya manusia itu akan menjadi cerdas,genius dan Aktif dalam hidupnya dengan mengunakan otak kiri dan kanan yang tentuya sudah di Aktifasi otak tengah,sehingga otak tengah sebagai jembatan untuk menjalankan atau Aktifnya otak kiri dan kanan akan lebih sempurna ketimbang pakai sebelah saja.<br /><br />Coba akan mulai belajar dari diri sendiri supaya bisa mulai melatih diri untuk mengAktivasikan otak tengah ini supaya kehidupanya akan lebih baik dan seimbang dalam kehidupan segalah hal,seperti halnya dengan munculnya hasil Aktivasi dari otak tengah yang banyak di lihat dengan kemampuan yang lebih jauh dari sebelumnya seperti orang bisa melihat dengan mata tertutup,mencium sesuatu berbentuk zat waran dan sebagainya lebih tajam dari penciuman sebelumnya,membaca pikiran orang lain,mendengar sesuatu yang lebih tajam dari sebelumnya istilahnya enam indrah kehidupan manusia akan jauh lebih baik dan sensitif untuk lebih di rasakan,seperti halnya banyak yang dilihat dengan kondisi Aktivasi otak tengah bagi yang sudah di aktifasi otak tengah maka kondisi orang itu atau seorang anak akan munucl yang berbeda dengan yang lainnya seperti bisa naik sepeda dengan kedua mata tertutup dengan kain,berjalan dengan mata tertutup kain,melihat angka dari kartu permainan dengan mata tertutup kain,dapat mengenal zat waran dengan mata tertutup kain,mengambar dengan mata tertutup kain,membaca dengan mata tertutup kain dan sebagainya,biasanya orang atau anak tersebut lebih genius dari orang yang belum di Aktivasikan otak tengah baik cara pola berpikir dan melakukan semua kegitan sehari-hari, namun semua itu bisa dilakukan apabilah sudah mengAktivasi otak tengah itu.<br /><br />Banyak cara Aktivasi otak tengah yang dilakukan dengan pelatihan-pelatihan dan mengunakan musik yang bergelombang Alpha yang tujuannya mengAktivasi otak tengah itu dan yang lainya seperti mantra yang bersifat dengan gelombang Alpha dan Meditasi biasanya Aktivasi otak tengah dengan kondisi otak tengah di Aktifkan untuk menjembatani otak kiri dan kanan supaya Aktif dari kedua otak kiri dan kanan dan orang akan berpikir dengan kedua otak kiri dan kanan dan orang akan genius dalam banyak hal,seperti halnya Aktivasi otak tangah setiap gelombang yang dipancarkan dari otak tengah dapat dilihat mata dan dapat juga dilihat oleh otak tengah atau dibaca oleh otak tengah,jadi fungsi Aktivasi otak tengah ini tentunnya dengan gelombang dari otak tengah yang di Aktivasikan dan biasanya akan muncul cahaya yang seperti matahari di dalam mata indra keenam dan akan berbentuk seperti TV yang akan muncul seperti mata melihat walaupun kedua mata di tutup oleh kain.<br /><br />Kalau dengan Meditasi gimana ? tentuya dalam Meditasi banyak yang di praktekan dengan keseimbangan batin dengan konsentrasi penu yang mencakup kesimbangan selulunya baik badan jasmani dan rohani yang tentunya mengkatifkan semua indrah dan pengendalian diri dalam bentuk kesadaran penu dari pikiran (citta) maka kondisi duduk Meditasi bisa di niatkan dengan konsentrasi Aktifkan otak tengah dengan Meditasi.<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><br /></div></div>Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-2921824252869402692009-12-04T08:54:00.001-08:002009-12-04T09:43:58.729-08:00Phisikology Pendidikan<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPd9vkT5UJX8xLqYtSJ_x5BIM3tinis3AehsZz0IQUtasnuKf9d5_8gFLg9aEBqTAwe31bpoEuD5kev86t2OkRo08HpCbHhjnbxpA8V2zdq2lwYA0JXMw4190Orj61uqwNmw0frn8uFC6A/s1600-h/28112009(001).jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 278px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPd9vkT5UJX8xLqYtSJ_x5BIM3tinis3AehsZz0IQUtasnuKf9d5_8gFLg9aEBqTAwe31bpoEuD5kev86t2OkRo08HpCbHhjnbxpA8V2zdq2lwYA0JXMw4190Orj61uqwNmw0frn8uFC6A/s400/28112009(001).jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5411438020131656418" border="0" /></a><br /><ul><li>kutipan dari media cetak</li></ul><table class="contentpaneopen"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td valign="top"><table class="artinfo_block" width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle"><span class="createdate">Wednesday, 02 December 2009 23:26 </span> </td> <td class="buttonheading" align="right" valign="top"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?view=article&catid=14%3Amedan&id=70935%3Abesok-pkgi-gelar-seminar-pendidikan-di-fe-usu&format=pdf&option=com_content&Itemid=27" title="PDF" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://www.waspada.co.id/templates/gk_waspadalo1-ok/images/pdf_button.png" alt="PDF" /></a> </td> <td class="buttonheading" align="right" valign="top"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?view=article&catid=14%3Amedan&id=70935%3Abesok-pkgi-gelar-seminar-pendidikan-di-fe-usu&tmpl=component&print=1&layout=default&page=&option=com_content&Itemid=27" title="Print" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://www.waspada.co.id/templates/gk_waspadalo1-ok/images/printButton.png" alt="Print" /></a> </td> <td class="buttonheading" align="right" valign="top"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_mailto&tmpl=component&link=aHR0cDovL3d3dy53YXNwYWRhLmNvLmlkL2luZGV4LnBocD9vcHRpb249Y29tX2NvbnRlbnQmdmlldz1hcnRpY2xlJmlkPTcwOTM1OmJlc29rLXBrZ2ktZ2VsYXItc2VtaW5hci1wZW5kaWRpa2FuLWRpLWZlLXVzdSZjYXRpZD0xNDptZWRhbiZJdGVtaWQ9Mjc=" title="E-mail" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','width=400,height=350,menubar=yes,resizable=yes'); return false;"><img src="http://www.waspada.co.id/templates/gk_waspadalo1-ok/images/emailButton.png" alt="E-mail" /></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="contentheading" width="100%"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70935:besok-pkgi-gelar-seminar-pendidikan-di-fe-usu&catid=14:medan&Itemid=27" class="contentpagetitle"> Besok, PKGI gelar seminar pendidikan di FE USU</a> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="contentpaneopen"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&id=4&Itemid=94"> Warta </a> - </span> <span> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=14:medan&layout=blog&Itemid=27"> Medan </a> </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <span style="font-size: 10px;color:#000080;" >WAHYU HIDAYAT<br />WASPADA ONLINE</span><br /><br />MEDAN - Persatuan Keluarga Guru Indonesia ( PKGI) Sumatera Utara, besok, Kamis (03/12) menggelar seminar pendidikan mengangkat permasalahan guru dalam dunia pendidikan, di Aula Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU).<br /><br />Ketua PKGI, Gudmen Sihombing, mengatakan seminar sehari itu merupakan rangkaian kegiatan PKGI sejak didirikan 8 Agustus 2009. Dikatakannya, seminar bertema ‘Evaluasi Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Dipandang dari Berbagai Dimensi’ ini juga sebagai tindak lanjut peringatan Hari Guru pada 25 November lalu.<br /><br />"Menurut kami, kegiatan seperti seminar ini perlu diadakan mengingat permasalahan guru sangat kompleks di dunia pendidikan. Melalui seminar ini kami berharap bisa dijadikan alternatif maupun solusi untuk meningkatkan kualitas maupun kuantitas guru," tuturnya malam ini.<br /><br />Ketua Panitia, Sumiati menjelaskan, peserta berasal dari berbagai elemen masyarakat dan lembaga pendidikan. Untuk kelengkapan administrasi, peserta seminar dikenakan biaya Rp30.000, termasuk untuk kebutuhan snack, makan dan sertifikat.<br /><br />Adapun narasumber yang hadir, Syawal Gultom, (rektor Unimed), Bahrumsyah (Kadisdik Sumut), Jhon Tafbu Ritonga, (dekan FE USU) dan Brilian Muchtar, anggota Komisi E DPRD Sumut.<br /><span style="font-size: 10px;color:#999999;" >(dat05/wol-rls)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><ul><li>kutipan dari media cetak</li></ul>Friday, 04 December 2009 07:33 <br />USU akan umumkan rangking CPNS<br />Warta - Medan<br /><br />WASPADA ONLINE<br /><br />MEDAN - Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) akan mengumumkan perangkingan hasil ujian seleksi Calon Pegawai Negeri Sipil (CPNS) atas seizin Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara (Pemprovsu) dan lima kabupaten/kota yang bekerjasama dalam pelaksanaan seleksi tersebut.<br /><br />Hal tersebut dikatakan kepala Bagian Humas dan Promosi USU, Bisru Hafi, terkait pelaksanaan proses pemeriksaan lembar jawaban ujian seleksi CPNS di Pemprovsu dan lima kabupaten/kota yaitu Tebingtinggi, Tapanuli Selatan, Deliserdang, Humbang Hasundutan dan Labuhanbatu.<br /><br />"Atas seizin pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Pemkab dan Pemko yang bekerjasama dengan USU, hasil perangkingan akan kita umumkan di website USU www.usu.ac.id, bersamaan dengan pengumuman kelulusan CPNS nanti," ujar Bisru tadi malam.<br /><br />Bisru menyebutkan, hal ini dilakukan berdasarkan banyaknya permintaan dari masyarakat kepada USU agar transparan dalam proses pelaksanaan seleksi CPNS tersebut. Selain itu, juga untuk menghindari atau meminimalisir terjadinya kecurangan-kecurangan yang selama ini menjadi kecurigaan masyarakat.<br /><br />Sementara itu PR IV USU, Sukaria Sinulingga mengatakan, sebelum diumumkan di website USU, pihak Pemprovsu maupun Pemkab/Pemko akan menyerahkan satu kopi nama-nama CPNS yang dinyatakan lulus untuk disesuaikan apakah sudah sesuai dengan hasil perangkingan yang dilakukan oleh USU atau belum.<br /><br />"Ini menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing Pemda dalam seleksi penerimaan CPNS ini dilakukan dengan sejujur-jujurnya dan ini dilakukan dengan adil dan fair sehingga tidak ada kecurigaan dari masyarakat," ujar Sinulingga.<br /><br />Disebutkannya, dalam proses pemeriksaan lembar jawaban ujian seleksi CPNS tersebut disaksikan oleh masing-masing pemkab/pemko maupun pemprovsu dan diawasi oleh aparat keamanan Poldasu.<br /><br />Mengenai proses pelaksanaan pemeriksaan lembar jawaban ujian seleksi CPNS, Sinulingga menyebutkan, diperkirakan hari ini (Jumat, red) semuanya sudah rampung dan sudah diterima oleh masing-masing pemda.<br /><br />Untuk daerah Tebing Tinggi dan Tapanuli Selatan, hasilnya sudah diserahkan dan diterima kedua pemda tersebut, Rabu (2/12) kemarin.<br /><br />“Untuk Deliserdang dan Pemprovsu sudah selesai, diharapkan Kamis malam ini sudah diterima mereka. Sedangkan untuk Humbang Hasundutan dan Labuhan Batu sedang dalam proses, diperkirakan Jumat sudah rampung semuanya," pungkas Sinulingga.<br /><br /><ul><li>kutipan dari media cetak<br /></li></ul><table class="contentpaneopen"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td valign="top"><table class="artinfo_block" width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle"><span class="createdate">Thursday, 03 December 2009 04:56 </span> </td> <td class="buttonheading" align="right" valign="top"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?view=article&catid=14%3Amedan&id=71001%3Abeasiswa-laz-peduli-ummat-waspada-dibuka&format=pdf&option=com_content&Itemid=27" title="PDF" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://www.waspada.co.id/templates/gk_waspadalo1-ok/images/pdf_button.png" alt="PDF" /></a> </td> <td class="buttonheading" align="right" valign="top"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?view=article&catid=14%3Amedan&id=71001%3Abeasiswa-laz-peduli-ummat-waspada-dibuka&tmpl=component&print=1&layout=default&page=&option=com_content&Itemid=27" title="Print" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://www.waspada.co.id/templates/gk_waspadalo1-ok/images/printButton.png" alt="Print" /></a> </td> <td class="buttonheading" align="right" valign="top"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_mailto&tmpl=component&link=aHR0cDovL3d3dy53YXNwYWRhLmNvLmlkL2luZGV4LnBocD9vcHRpb249Y29tX2NvbnRlbnQmdmlldz1hcnRpY2xlJmlkPTcxMDAxOmJlYXNpc3dhLWxhei1wZWR1bGktdW1tYXQtd2FzcGFkYS1kaWJ1a2EmY2F0aWQ9MTQ6bWVkYW4mSXRlbWlkPTI3" title="E-mail" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','width=400,height=350,menubar=yes,resizable=yes'); return false;"><img src="http://www.waspada.co.id/templates/gk_waspadalo1-ok/images/emailButton.png" alt="E-mail" /></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="contentheading" width="100%"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=71001:beasiswa-laz-peduli-ummat-waspada-dibuka&catid=14:medan&Itemid=27" class="contentpagetitle"> Beasiswa LAZ Peduli Ummat Waspada dibuka</a> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table class="contentpaneopen"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&id=4&Itemid=94"> Warta </a> - </span> <span> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=14:medan&layout=blog&Itemid=27"> Medan </a> </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:10px;" >WASPADA ONLINE</span><br /><br />MEDAN - LAZ Peduli Ummat <em>Waspada</em> membuka pendaftaran Beasiswa Prestasi tahap XVI tahun 2009. Bantuan beasiswa ini diberikan kepada para mahasiswa/i yang kurang mampu secara ekonomi tetapi memiliki prestasi akademi yang baik dan beasiswa ini konsisten sejak Yayasan Peduli Ummat didirikan tahun 2000.<br /><br />Pengurus Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ) Peduli Ummat Waspada P Simatupang, mengatakan tahun ini beasiswa tetap dibuka mengingat kondisi kebanyakan mahasiswa kesulitan dalam biaya pendidikan, untuk lebih memaksimalkan pemberian beasiswa pada tahap XVI ini.<br /><br />Mahasiswa diberikan dana selama 6 bulan dan boleh mengajukan perpanjangan khusus bagi mahasiswa yang nilai semester pertama dalam masa penerimaan beasiswa prestasi akademiknya tidak menurun.<br /><br />”Kebijakan ini diambil agar kesempatan untuk menjadi peserta beasiswa lebih merata bagi mahasiswa yang berprestasi lainnya,” jelas Simatupang tadi malam.<br /><br />Menurut Simatupang, saat ini banyak alumni beasiswa LAZ Peduli Ummat Waspada yang sudah menjadi muzakki dikarenakan mereka sudah bekerja sebagai PNS, pegawai BUMN dan perusahaan swasta lainnya dengan kondisi yang mapan diantaranya di Bank Sumut, Bank Mandiri.<br /><br />Bagi yang lulus akan mendapat beasiswa sebesar Rp. 300.000,- /bulan dan pembinaan selama enam bulan. Diharapkan dengan pembinaan dan dukungan bea pendidikan lebih banyak lagi alumni yang berubah dari mustahik menjadi muzakki.<br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size:10px;" >(dat05/waspada)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><ul><li>kutipan dari media cetak</li></ul><table class="contentpaneopen"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td valign="top"><table class="artinfo_block" width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td valign="middle"><span class="createdate">Thursday, 03 December 2009 18:45 </span> </td> <td class="buttonheading" align="right" valign="top"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?view=article&catid=14%3Amedan&id=71147%3A-dspi-usu-siapkan-metode-perkuliahan-baru&format=pdf&option=com_content&Itemid=27" title="PDF" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://www.waspada.co.id/templates/gk_waspadalo1-ok/images/pdf_button.png" alt="PDF" /></a> </td> <td class="buttonheading" align="right" valign="top"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?view=article&catid=14%3Amedan&id=71147%3A-dspi-usu-siapkan-metode-perkuliahan-baru&tmpl=component&print=1&layout=default&page=&option=com_content&Itemid=27" title="Print" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://www.waspada.co.id/templates/gk_waspadalo1-ok/images/printButton.png" alt="Print" /></a> </td> <td class="buttonheading" align="right" valign="top"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_mailto&tmpl=component&link=aHR0cDovL3d3dy53YXNwYWRhLmNvLmlkL2luZGV4LnBocD9vcHRpb249Y29tX2NvbnRlbnQmdmlldz1hcnRpY2xlJmlkPTcxMTQ3Oi1kc3BpLXVzdS1zaWFwa2FuLW1ldG9kZS1wZXJrdWxpYWhhbi1iYXJ1JmNhdGlkPTE0Om1lZGFuJkl0ZW1pZD0yNw==" title="E-mail" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','width=400,height=350,menubar=yes,resizable=yes'); return false;"><img src="http://www.waspada.co.id/templates/gk_waspadalo1-ok/images/emailButton.png" alt="E-mail" /></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="contentheading" width="100%"> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=71147:-dspi-usu-siapkan-metode-perkuliahan-baru&catid=14:medan&Itemid=27" class="contentpagetitle"> DSPI USU siapkan metode perkuliahan baru</a> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table style="width: 680px; height: 532px;" class="contentpaneopen"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&id=4&Itemid=94"> Warta </a> - </span> <span> <a href="http://www.waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=14:medan&layout=blog&Itemid=27"> Medan </a> </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <address><span style="font-style: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:10px;" >AZHARRYANDI ARMAN</span></address><address><span style="font-style: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);font-size:10px;" >WASPADA ONLINE</span></address><br />MEDAN – Departemen Studi Ilmu Perpustakaan (DSPI), Fakultas Sastra Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), saat ini sedang mempersiapkan metode perkuliahan baru, yaitu metode pembelajaran inovatif <em>e-Learning, bi-Lingual </em>dan <em>Student Center Learning</em> (SCR).<br /><br />“Para mahasiswa yang juga sebagai pendukung perkuliahan dikampus, diharapkan lebih cepat menguasai sistem baru ini”, ucap Ishak, selaku ketua tim metode pembelajaran inovatif ini kepada <em>Waspada Online</em> tadi siang.<br /><br />Penggunaan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran inovatif ini lanjut Ishak, akan segera dilakukan pada semester depan. Diharapkan metode ini dapat membantu para mahasiswa untuk lebih cepat dan tangkap terhadap kemajuan teknologi.<br /><br />“Mahasiswa zaman sekarang ini mampu menghadapi perubahan metode pembelajaran yang akan dilakukan para dosen DSPI. Kalau tidak sekarang kapan lagi,” pungkas Ishak.<br /><address><span style="font-style: normal; color: rgb(192, 192, 192);font-size:10px;" >(dat06/wol-mdn)<br /><br /><br /><br /></span></address></td></tr></tbody></table>Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-6467108120353219582009-12-04T08:28:00.000-08:002009-12-04T08:49:46.224-08:00Phisikology Perkembangan<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbIJVUPGy46QeeSgJ5ii2npjjd43TFUlAzzsLP3rbj4VIvvTUn7ZCO27Wb9oshQNITn6zWfAORd89Hl1dfIkOAWais5CzlzhsthlcC3Oe3MyTHJvv6tAd9EVDpqSZfEKWJN2pKyziCMusG/s1600-h/28112009(001).jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 239px; height: 245px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbIJVUPGy46QeeSgJ5ii2npjjd43TFUlAzzsLP3rbj4VIvvTUn7ZCO27Wb9oshQNITn6zWfAORd89Hl1dfIkOAWais5CzlzhsthlcC3Oe3MyTHJvv6tAd9EVDpqSZfEKWJN2pKyziCMusG/s400/28112009(001).jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5411421687336433842" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Dosen : Andi Chandra,M.Psi<br /><br /><br />ADA DUA ISTILAH<br />Pertumbuhan (growth) Perubahan ke arah kematangan (maturation). Lebih ke arah fisik yang dengan mudah dapat dikuantifikasikan. Contoh tinggi, berat badan, gigi, rambut, seksual, dll.<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0VwvRWps_Jwem6yjKpLE8FCCVKPVJSYWCK21FnKDdFX93AG6k86qGJWzCzzWltXOiOE1U3dugVkMz2p9WFkNnlYpyjnAQLoGsVErFMClVnl33fZdgVNXa_dDyYk74_wYfFHz4IcfS4P3f/s1600-h/28112009(004).jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 205px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0VwvRWps_Jwem6yjKpLE8FCCVKPVJSYWCK21FnKDdFX93AG6k86qGJWzCzzWltXOiOE1U3dugVkMz2p9WFkNnlYpyjnAQLoGsVErFMClVnl33fZdgVNXa_dDyYk74_wYfFHz4IcfS4P3f/s400/28112009(004).jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5411424034700568690" border="0" /></a><br />Contoh Lain: Pos Yandu “Penimbangan (KMS) dan Pemberian makanan tambahan”<br />ADA DUA ISTILAH<br />Perkembangan (development) Perubahan ke arah semakin maju, kompleks dan menuju ke dewasaan. Contoh kognitif, emosi, bahasa, moral-religius, sosial, seksual, dll.<br />Contoh Lain: Pos Yandu “Selain ditimbang ada PE (Permainan Edukatif)”<br />Apa Ciri Tumbuh-Kembang?<br />Isyarat, Reaksi, Gerak<br />Perubahan/Progresif<br />Perpindahan<br />Kematangan<br />Penambahan, dll.<br />(ingat ciri hidup Vs. mati).<br />KONTROVERSI<br />Nativisme Vs. Emperisme<br />Nature Vs. Nurture<br />Endogen Vs. Eksogen<br />Dasar Vs. Ajar<br />Maturation Vs. Learning<br />KONTROVERSI<br />Bakat Vs. Pengalaman<br />Diperoleh Vs. Memperoleh<br />Continuity Vs. Discontinuity<br />Stability Vs. Change<br />Pasive Vs. Active<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcYytgxIuVjzonQ7_aBhviK5CV0pCgeQlQBoxPU66n1qMsNYU_b8qKoQyV92Di8yt3yvFu4BS6R0Voo5vqsY2W-lg2lLp2Mxk-tN1W9UKdsIKXGjg5fQD3hsnNXOdljoonOuXJZGq05BAo/s1600-h/28112009.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 239px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcYytgxIuVjzonQ7_aBhviK5CV0pCgeQlQBoxPU66n1qMsNYU_b8qKoQyV92Di8yt3yvFu4BS6R0Voo5vqsY2W-lg2lLp2Mxk-tN1W9UKdsIKXGjg5fQD3hsnNXOdljoonOuXJZGq05BAo/s400/28112009.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5411422605250091986" border="0" /></a><br />Individuality Vs. Universality<br />Aliran/Pandangan<br />Nativisme<br />Emperisme<br />Konvergensi<br />Interaksionisme<br />Life Span View/Perspective <br /><br />Lifelong<br />Perkembangan sepanjang hayat {mulai dari konsepsi/bahkan sebelumnya (mencari pasangan) sampai lanjut usia/meninggal}<br />Tidak ada yang mendominasi dalam tahapan perkembangan.<br />Semua tahapan/siklus kehidupan penting.<br />Tahapan Perkembangan<br />Mencari/Menentukan Pasangan<br />“Pergaulan/Pacaran”<br />…………..Menikah……….....<br />Konsepsi/“Seksual”<br />Pranatal<br />Perinatal<br />Bayi<br />Anak (early, middle, late)<br />Sekolah<br />Remaja (early, middle, late)<br />Dewasa (early, middle, late)<br />Tua<br />Lansia<br />Meninggal<br />Multi Dimentionality<br />Perkembangan Fisik-motorik<br />Perkembangan Kognitif<br />Perkembangan Emosi<br />Perkembangan Bahasa<br />Perkembangan Sosial<br />Perkembangan Moral/Religius, dll.<br />Multi Dimentionality<br />Biological Processes<br />Cognitive Processes<br />Socioemotional Processes (Santrock, 2002)<br />Multi Direction<br />Beberapa dimensi/komponen dapat meningkat namun dimensi lain dapat menurun.<br />Misal:<br />“pada orang dewasa kecepatan (fluency) akan menurun namun aspek “kearifan (wisdom)” akan meningkat”.<br />Plasticity<br />Perkembangan bersifat lentur, bergantung pada kondisi kehidupan individu.<br />Kondisi lingkungan menjadi penting, termasuk peristiwa penting dalam kehidupannya (important life event).<br />Menekankan peran intervensi (pelatihan/training).<br />Historical Embeddedness<br />Perkembangan melekat pada aspek kesejarahan.<br />Muncul Metode Life-history<br />Cohort<br />Gap-Generation<br />Dll.<br />Multi Disiplinary<br />Psikologi<br />Sosiologi<br />Antrolopogi Budaya<br />Pendidikan<br />Biologi, Kesehatan, Neuroscience<br />Ekonomi<br />Agama, dll.<br />Contextualism<br />Perkembangan senantiasa bersifat kontekstual.<br />Konteks biologis<br />Konteks sejarah<br />Konteks kebudayaan<br />Konteks politik<br />Konteks agama, dll.<br /><br />Usia Biologis BA<br />Usia Kronologis/Kalender CA<br />Usia Mental MA<br />Usia Sosial ScA<br />Usia Fungsional FA<br />Usia Subjektif SbA<br />Usia Harapan (UHH) EA<br />Usia Hukum LA<br />Usia Spiritual SpATjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-86322822071708399372009-12-04T08:17:00.000-08:002009-12-04T08:19:53.127-08:00PSIKOLOGI UMUM I<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4hN23ckiyvg9fIwL7cWTEo-btsII0EU7ziusQsy8QfD3eMnIXgOB9rEi_4W0WNohRNT-cRkFhQfHaG9_-xH1MWlY6kWBG4HHbT26oqr6H2TZo5HICF-ukj-RE4gw5upky1aX30z6S2_Il/s1600/28112009(001).jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 261px; height: 253px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4hN23ckiyvg9fIwL7cWTEo-btsII0EU7ziusQsy8QfD3eMnIXgOB9rEi_4W0WNohRNT-cRkFhQfHaG9_-xH1MWlY6kWBG4HHbT26oqr6H2TZo5HICF-ukj-RE4gw5upky1aX30z6S2_Il/s400/28112009(001).jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409141967735054482" border="0" /></a><br />PSIKOLOGI UMUM I<br /><br />Dosen : ANDY CHANDRA, M.PSI<br /><br />Psikologi merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari tentang tingkah laku manusia mulai dari sejak lahir sampai masa tua.<br />Psikologi berasal da<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw4pz4a5UDl90Bh_dyhOe38YLrB5PIRz9iy2WvQOGWFyZP-_Z5ArtO_-EOCwCReMT4aiRUvj76-sszINDbHto75a_OPug7VCQOBVFSjkHcVi3y1jt5i45tHwtoAp-O79pmMqJT064r7YIl/s1600/28112009.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 220px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw4pz4a5UDl90Bh_dyhOe38YLrB5PIRz9iy2WvQOGWFyZP-_Z5ArtO_-EOCwCReMT4aiRUvj76-sszINDbHto75a_OPug7VCQOBVFSjkHcVi3y1jt5i45tHwtoAp-O79pmMqJT064r7YIl/s400/28112009.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409142748014976274" border="0" /></a>ri kata Psyche dan logos.<br />Psyche artinya soul, mind, spirit, atau jiwa<br />Logos artinya ilmu.<br /><br />Psikologi juga disebut sebagai karakterologi.<br />Karakterologi adalah ilmu tentang karakter atau kepribadian seseorang.<br />Tipologi adalah ilmu ilmu yang mempelajari tentang tipe-tipe manusia.<br /><br />Aristoteles (seorang ahli filsafat yunani kuno) membagi jiwa makhluk hidup menjadi 3 tingkatan :<br />- Anima Vegetativa<br />- Anima Sensitiva<br />- Anima Intelektiva<br /><br />Anima Vegetativa adalah taraf hidup terendah yang terdapat pada tumbuhan. Hanya mampu melakukan reaksi terhdp rangsngan yang datang dari luar dan tujuannya semata hanya untuk mempertahankan hidup dan tumbuh.<br />Pada tahap ini belum terdpt kesdaran. Contoh : tanaman putri malu.<br /><br />Anima Sensitiva adalah taraf hidup yang terdapat pada hewan. Makhluk ybs sudah memiliki alat indera. Reaksi makhluk sdh bervariasi sesuai dengan bekerjanya alat indera. Tgkt ini ditandai dgn adanya kemampuan seleksi, mana yg perlu didekati dan mana yg perlu dijauhi. Tahap ini belum mengenal norma atau tata tertib.<br /><br />Anima Intelektiva adalah taraf hidup yang tertinggi, terdapat pada manusia.pada taraf ini terdapat kehidupan yang lebih dari sekedar kehidupan sadar belaka, misalnya potensi kecerdasan. Terdpt kemampuan u/ menyimpan ransang yg kmdn timbul sbg jejak2 dalam kesadaran yang disebut “Fungsi Mneme” maka man dpt bereaksi thdp hal2 yg sdh lewat.<br /><br />Wilhelm Wundt (1879) disebut sbg bpk Psikologi.<br />Hipocrates disebut sebagai bpk Ilmu kedokteran.<br />John Locke mengemukakan teori tabularasa, yg artinya pada umumnya semua man dilahirkan putih. Yg buat orang beda adalah power yg ada pa dirinya.<br />Tipe Kepribadian<br />Sanguine = orang yang kelebihan darah merah, tempramen penggembira<br />Melankolik = terlalu banyak sum2 hitam dalam tubuhnya, tempramen pemurung<br />Kholerik = terlalu banyak sum2 kuning, tempramen semangat dan gesit<br />Plegmatik = terlalu banyak lendir dalam tubuh, tempramen lambat<br />Warna<br />Pengaruh warna pada kepribadian :<br />Senin = putih, krem<br />Selasa = merah, ungu<br />Rabu = biru<br />Kamis = abu-abu<br />Jumat = hijau<br />Sabtu = coklat, kuning<br />Lambang Psikologi<br />Garputala :<br />Cognitif = ide, pikiran<br />Afektif = rasa, emosi<br />KOnatif = pelaksana/psikomotor/ ketrampilan yg dimiliki.<br />Bidang Psikologi<br />Psi Experimen = membahas ttg perkembangan pengukuran & pengontrolan yang tepat. Pada psikologi ini sering dilakukan Eksperimen u/ mengetahui pengaruh sebuah variabel atau beberapa variabel terhadap aspek perilaku seseorang.<br /><br />Psi. perkembangan = menekankan perkembangan dan berbagai faktor yang membentuk perilaku sejak lahir sampai berusia lanjut.<br />Psi. sosial = membahas ttg cara manusia berinteraksi dengan orang lain, yang mempengaruhi sikap dan perilaku serta perilaku kelompok.<br /><br />Psi kepribadian = berfokus pada perbedaan antara individu dan kualitas individu yang unik.<br />Psi Klinis = membahas masalah diagnosis dan perawatan masalah emosi & perilaku penyakit jiwa, kenakalan remaja, tindakan kriminal, kecanduan obat, keterbelakangan mental, konflik perkawinan & keluarga, serta masalah penyesuaian lainnya.<br /><br />Psi pendidikan = merupakan ahli dalam bidang proses belajar mengajar, seperti menangani kesulitan anak pada tahun pertama sekolah, menafsirkan hasil tes IQ, tes hasil belajar, dan tes kepribadian siswa.<br /><br /><br />Psi. Industri & organisasi (PIO) = membahas maslah di perusahaan seperti pemilihan orang yang tepat u/ memegang pekerjaan ttt, menyusun program latihan, membantu pimpinan dalam mengambil keputusan yg menyangkut semangat kerja dan kesejahteraan karyawan, mempelajari hubungan antara manusia dengan mesin, sehingga memperkecil kekeliruan, merancang tempat tinggal/kerja yg efisien.<br />Metode Psikologi<br />Metode Eksperimental<br />Metode observasi<br />Metode survey<br />Metode test<br />Metode riwayat khusus<br />Metode interview.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-67651231198904015182009-09-23T08:37:00.000-07:002011-02-16T18:24:41.444-08:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara pembunuhanDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara pembunuhan<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti<br /><br /><ol><li>prilaku berbicara yang pembunuhan , Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang pembunuhan tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi pembunuhan dengan Pembunuhan,pencurian,perjinaan,berbohong,mabuk-mabukan,cinta,kasih sayang,kebahagian,sedih,dukah,derita,irihati,benci,penderitaan,emosional,senyum,humor,menagis,ketakutan atau troma,mengadu dombah,sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit, sampai bisa terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata pembunuhan yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara pembunuhan pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang pembunuhan yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.</li></ol><br /><br /><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang pembunuhan itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang pembunuhan bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar pembunuhan bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara pembunuhan banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara pembunuhan tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara pembunuhan tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.<br /><br />Biasa pikiran dan prilaku berbicara membunu tentunya berasal dari niat jahat seorang pikiran seseorang yang dari awal dengan niat dan dendam disaat itu juga,sehingga banyak pristiwa terjadi akibat pikiran dan rasa dendam bagi seorang atau calon korban yang akan di perlakukan kurang baik seperti halnya dengan membunuh,bisa orang membunuh akibat kekuasaan,memiliki harat bendanya,penculikan dengan niat ingin menguasai harta,perampokan,pemerkosaan,ketidak adilan dalan hal hidup,penindasan,penganiyayaan,siksaan,dan lain sebaginya itu terjadi di dalam kehidupan manusia ini,akan tetapi banyak juga terjadi akibat kesalah pahaman seperti istri selingku,suami selingku,tauran,pencurian dan pengeroyokan masal,korban tabrak lari dan sebaginya ini pun bisa terjadi kalau tidak waspada dalam segalah hal dalam memilih kehidupan dengan sesama manusia itu,kemudian juga sering kita melihat peristiwa terjadinya pembunuhan akibat nakoba,minuman keras,dan mafia,yang kerap terjadi disaat kesibukan masyarakat dalam memilih kehidupan ini,akan tetapi itu juga terjadi di antara sekeliling kehidupan kita bermasyarakat,biasa pembunuhan terjadi akibat ketidak puasaan sesorang dalam memilih hidup dengan korban dalam peristiwa yang terjadi dimedia cetak dan media elektronik seperti pembunuhan dengan cekikan,dengan senjata tajam berupa apa saja,pembunuhan dengan cara mutilasi,dan pembuhuan dengan pukulan dari belang dan sebaginya itu,apabila calon korban telah ditemukan oleh warga atau masyarakat setempat dan disaat itu aparat kepolisian turun kelapangan den mengecek ke TKP apakah benar terjadi suatu kasus pembunuhan di tempat itu dan aparat kepolisian memeriksa dan tim forensik mengecek dan di otofsi dengan setiap kejadian pekara sampai dari awal pertanykan sampai dengan selesai pekara bagi koban cek dari tubuh korban dari kepala sampai kaki,dan cek dan ricek bagi aparat kepolisian untuk mecahkan kasus tentang pembunuhan tersebut sampai tertangkapnya si pelaku dalam kasus pembunuhan itu.<br /><br />Biasa orang yang mempunyai niat dan pikiran membunuh adalah ganguan mental,emosional,jiwa,dan prilaku buruk dalam menyakiti sikorban dengan tidak melihat rasa kasih sayang dan penuh kebencian dan bringas untuk menguasai di calon korban dengan seperti halnya melihat kehidupan alam binatang seekor harimau yang ingin membunuh rusa untuk memakan daginya,kemudian begitu juga dengan manusia yang pada waktu itu seperti binatang dan bringas,pristiwa itu bisa terjadi dimana saja apabila tidak waspada dalam memilih hidup dengan sesama manusia itu,seperti halnya kerap terjadi di media cetak dan elektronik berupa sodomi bagi anak jalanan dan pembuhunan pun terjadi akibat ganguan jiwa dan ganguan moral hidup sesama manusia yang melangar ketentuan hidup manusia dengan system kebudayaan manusia dan hukum.<br /><br />Seperti contoh peristiwa kutipan dari media detik.News<br /><br /><span class="judul">Bambang Widodo:Ungkap Teroris Bisa, Mengapa Rusuh SARA Tak Bisa? </span><br /> <span class="reporter"> <strong>M. Rizal</strong> - detikNews<br /><br /><br /></span><div class="illustrasi"> <img alt="" src="http://images.detik.com/content/2011/02/14/159/tersangkatemanggung285.jpg" class="" vspace="0" width="" border="0" height="" hspace="0" /> <noscript> <img src="http://images.detik.com/content/2011/02/14/159/tersangkatemanggung285.jpg" alt="" width="" height="" class="" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0" /> </noscript> <strong> tersangka rusuh Temanggung ditangkap </strong> </div> <div class="tower"> <a href='http://openx.detik.com/delivery/ck.php?n=a59ecd1b&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE' target='_blank'><img src='http://openx.detik.com/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=24&amp;cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&amp;n=a59ecd1b' border='0' alt='' /></a> <br /><br /> <div class="googleads"> <ins style="display: inline-table; border: medium none; height: 200px; margin: 0pt; padding: 0pt; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 200px;"><ins id="google_ads_frame1_anchor" style="display: block; border: medium none; height: 200px; margin: 0pt; padding: 0pt; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 200px;"></ins></ins> </div> </div> <strong>Jakarta</strong> - Polisi telah menunjukkan prestasinya dalam mengungkap kasus terorisme. Semestinya polisi juga mampu mengungkap rekayasa kerusuhan berbau SARA yang terjadi di Cikeusik, Pandeglang Banten dan Temanggung, Jawa Tengah. Bila tidak terungkap, kerusuhan berbau SARA akan terus menjadi bom waktu yang siap meledak.<br /><br />"Kalau polisi mampu mengungkap terorisme, bisa mengungkap siapa perencana-perencananya dan pelaku utamanya, tapi dalam kasus kerusuhan SARA tidak pernah bisa? Jadi kesulitan apa bagi polisi?" kritis pengamat kepolisian Bambang Widodo Umar.<br /><br />Mau tidak mau, polisi harus mengungkap pelaku dan dalang kerusuhan Cikeusik dan Temanggung. Bila polisi tidak membongkarnya polisi akan menjadi sasaran dugaan sebagi pihak yang terlibat.<br /><br />"Kalau polisi begini terus dan tidak tuntas, kalau teror dan narkotika mampu, ini tidak mampu ini ada apa? Polisi akan jadi sasarannya. Agar polisi tidak dikuyo-kuyo ya harus ungkap," ujar Bambang.<br /><br />Berikut wawancara detikcom dengan Bambang Widodo Umar, pengajar di Perguruan Tinggi Ilmu Kepolisian (PTIK) dan dosen Ilmu Kepolisian Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia (FHUI) di Jakarta, Sabtu (12/2/2011).<br /><br /><strong>Kepolisian hingga kini tampak kesulitan menangkap para pelaku kekerasan di Cikeusik dan kerusuhan di Temanggung. Bagaimana tanggapan bapak?</strong><br /><br />Saya berharap dan pasti semua berharap dalam rangka pengungkapan kasus penyerangan itu bisa dibuktikan oleh kepolisian bahwa itu suatu rekayasa. Artinya, kalau itu ada terorganisir, siapa yang mengorganisir, oknum atau personal siapa atau dari organisasi apa, dan kemudian tujuannya apa. Dan kelompok-kelompok yang merencanakan perencanaan kalau tidak diungkap secara tuntas, ini akan masih begitu-begitu saja. Nah, suatu ketika begitu lagi.<br /><br />Jadi masyarakat berharap bahwa ini jangan sampai ditutup-tutupi. Organisasi ataupun orang-orang yang merekayasa penyerangan itu harus bisa diungkap secara transparan, lengkap dan utuh. Supaya kalau ada upaya semacam pengacauan kondisi sosial dan pemerintahan saat ini, maka bisa dikenakan pasal-pasal yang cukup berat. Karena kalau ini berjalan terus seperti ini akan memperkeruh keadaan negeri kita.<br /><br /><strong>Apa problem utama yang menjadi kesulitan polisi?</strong><br /><br />Saya tidak tahu persis, tapi saya hanya membandingkan. Kalau polisi mampu mengungkap terorisme, bisa mengungkap siapa perencana-perencananya dan pelaku utamanya. Tetapi kenapa dalam kasus begini tidak pernah bisa, ini menjadi pertanyaan besar bagi masyarakat. Jadi kesulitan apa bagi polisi? Dia sebagai seorang ahli, teror saja bisa, teror itu mendunia. Jadi ini yang berkaitan dengan organisasi di masyarakat, kalau tidak terungkap sama saja memelihara bom waktu.<br /><br />Hal penting yang harus dipahami bagi kepolisian, jangan sampai nanti ada kerjasama satuan. Malah kemungkinan kalau ini tidak diungkap oleh kepolisian akan menjadi bumerang sendiri. Ini kalau tidak terungkap tuntas, akan menjadi beban bagi polisi sendiri. Kasus jangan dibiarkan, sekecil apapun polisi harus bertindak, jangan pernah anggap remeh. Kalau dianggap remeh nanti akan menggejala seperti snow ball dalam dunia ilmu kriminologi, kalau hal-hal sepele dibiarkan akan menjadi bumerang dan beban pekerjaan polisi.<br /><br /><strong>Kalau sudah ada bukti dan saksi, bagaimana bila polisi takut karena ada tekanan?</strong><br /><br />Polisi tidak boleh takut. Kan sudah dikontrak negara, sudah diberi perlindungan kewenangan, perlindungan kekuasaan untuk bertindak sebagai apat penegak hukum tidak perlu takut pada siapa pun juga, pejabat apapun juga dan kekuatan apapun<br />juga. Takutnya polisi cuma satu yaitu kepada hukum itu sendiri, bukan takut kepada kekuatan-kekuatan itu.<br /><br />Maka siapapun juga akan membela kepolisian. Kalau ada kekuatan-kekuatan yang akan menghancurkan polisi, lembaga swadaya masyarakat dan organisasi sosial lainnya dan negara, pasti akan melindungi polisi. Jadi polisi tidak perlu takut, takutnya<br />itu kepada hukum. Jangan terpengaruh kekuatan-kekuatan tertentu.<br /><br /><strong>Aksi kekerasan sudah lama sering terjadi, kenapa polisi tak pernah bisa mengungkap pelaku utamanya?</strong><br /><br />Sebenarnya ada dua hal yang menjadi kelemahaan polisi sejak lama, yaitu lemahnya manajemen operasional dan koordinasi. Pertama masalah strategi, sejak reformasi ini sampai sekarang, Indonesia belum memiliki regulasi atau Undang-undang (UU)<br />yang mengatur Sistem Keamanan Nasional.<br /><br />Ini salah satu faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam penanganan kasus-kasus seperti ini. Dalam kontek manajemen operasional itu yang bertanggung jawab dalam setiap operasi adalah pimpinan kesatuan, apakah itu Kapolres, Kapolda atau Kapolri. Itu melihat sumber tantangan atau ancaman yang dihadapi.<br /><br />Saya katakan lemah, karena ada indikasi dalam kedua kasus di Pandeglang dan Temanggung itu intelijen sudah mencium. Kalau intelijen kepolisian sudah mencium, data itu wajib diberikan kepada pimpinan terlebih dahulu, karena data intelijen itu untuk konsumsi pimpinan. Kewajiban pimpinan itu menilai atas laporan intelijen itu, yaitu pertama, besar dan kecil dari tatangan yang akan dihadapi. Kedua, cara bertindak atau taktik dan strategi yang akan digunakan. Ketiga, kekuatan yang akan dilibatkan.<br /><br />Nah, ketiga hal ini yang harus diperhitungkan oleh seorang pimpinan kesatuan. Adanya kebobolan itu berarti ketiga hal ini lemah sekali, di dalam rangka menilai tantangan itu seperti apa berkembangnya seperti apa lemah, memilih strategi dan taktik mengatasi masalah lemah, penyusunan kekuatan untuk menghadapi itu juga lemah. Seperti kasus di Temanggung, kekuatan sudah cukup, tetapi strategi dalam penanganannya lemah.<br /><br />Kedua, koordinasi antar fungsi. Sebenarnya kalau data intelijen sudah didapatkan, itu proses sistematika dan prosedurnya itu fungsi Bimas (Bimbingan Masyarakat) Polisi cepat memberikan langkah-langkah pendekatan kepada masyarakat agar masyarakat tidak bertindak anarki. Jadi Bimas Polisi dikerahkan semua untuk memberikan penyuluhan.<br /><br />Ini kan tidak pernah kelihatan selama ini, buktinya data intelijen sudah ada tahu-tahu kekuatan sudah muncul di situ tapi tidak cukup. Tampak koordinasi antar fungsi Intelijen, fungsi Samapta, fungsi Brimob dan fungsi Bimas itu berjalan sendiri-sendiri. Ini artinya koordinasi antar fungsi kepolisian lemah sekali. Jadi dua hal ini, manajemen operasional dan koordinasi antar fungsi lemah. Ini yang perlu diperbaiki oleh pihak kepolisian.<br /><br /><strong>Ada faktor lainnya selain lemah manajemen operasional dan koordinasi itu?</strong><br /><br />Seperti yang saya katakan, faktor lain itu soal regulasi dan UU yang mengatur Sistem Keamanan Nasional. Di mana keterbantuan unsur-unsur keamanan yang ada di Indonesia, ada Polisi, ada Polisi Pamong Praja dan militer. Padahal keamanan dalam negeri itu tidak hanya polisi yang menanggulanginya. Unsur Satpol PP, Satpam ada polisi khusus dan militer, itu belum terkoordinasi secara sistemik dalam menanggulangi keamanan di dalam negeri. Ini mempengaruhi kemampuan Polri untuk menanggulangi ancaman Kamtibmas.<br /><br /><strong>Solusi mengatasi kegagalan penanganan kasus di Cikeusik dengan mencopot Kapolres Pandeglang dan Kapolda Banten, apakah tepat?</strong><br /><br />Saya pikir itu tepat, karena kelemahan seperti yang saya katakan menyangkut manajemen operasional dan koordinasi antar fungsi kepolisian yang lemah. Maka petugas di lapangan dan dua kesatuan atau dua tingkat pimpinan ke atasnya itu bisa dicopot. Jadi Kapolri Jenderal Pol Timor Pradopo sudah tepat mencopot Kaplores Pandeglang dan Kapolda Banten itu. Seharusnya langkah yang sama dilakukan juga dalam kasus Temanggung, Jawa Tengah. Seharusnya Kapolri adil dong melakukan tindakan itu, jangan setengah-setengah, karena kasus ini juga sama kebobolan.<br /><br /><strong>Langkah Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) membubarkan organisasi massa (Ormas) yang anarkis, bagaimana?</strong><br /><br />Itu dia seperti yang saya katakan tadi, ini akan menjadi bumerang sendiri bagi kepolisian. Polisi harus berani mengungkap siapa pun pelakunya, tidak perlu takut karena hukum melindungi dia. Kalau polisi begini terus dan tidak tuntas, kalau teror dan narkotika mampu, ini tidak mampu ini ada apa? Polisi akan jadi sasarannya. Agar polisi tidak dikuyo-kuyo ya harus ungkap.<br /><br />Kalau soal pembubaran Ormas itu sudah diatur dalam UU-nya. Artinya pembubaran itu tidak bisa sembarangan begitu saja. Harus ada bukti-bukti yang kuat antara oknum-oknum atau personal di dalam satu ormas, yang berkaitan dengan tindakan anarkis, yang itu merupakan kebijakan lembaga ormasnya. Kalau itu tidak bisa membuktikan, itu akan sulit juga mau membubarkan.<br /><br />Jadi harus ada prosedur, fakta-fakta dan bukti-bukti baru bertindak melakukan pembubaran itu. Nah di sinilah sebenarnya kemampuan polisi dituntut untuk membuktikan adanya anarki-anarki yang dilakukan oleh oknum-oknum atau personal ormas tertentu. Kalau itu terkait bisa ditunjukan ke Presiden, seperti apa yang terjadi dalam kasus penyerangan terhadap Koalisi Kebebasan Beragama di Monas dan pengrusakan sejumlah tempat-tempat hiburan malam.<br /><br /><strong>Bagaimana yang harus dilakukan aparat keamanan ke depan dalam mengatasi persoalan ini agar tak terulang lagi?</strong><br /><br />Harapan saya, polisi harus membedakan mana kasus-kasus atau peristiwa-peristiwa yang ada dugaan berbau politik dengan kewenangan polisi sebagai penegak hukum. Polisi tidak perlu terpengaruh oleh kepentingan-kepentingan politik tertentu,<br />polisi hanya taat kepada hukum. Siapa yang melanggar hukum secara pidana, tindak secara tegas.<br /><br />Tapi kalau polisi masih ragu-ragu dengan intervensi atau dugaan intervensi kepentingan politik, sampai kapan pun republik ini akan goyah terus dan polisi tidak akan menjadi tonggak dalam penegakan hukum. Oleh karena itu polisi harus betul-betul menjadi panglima penegakan hukum, tidak terpengaruh intervensi tertentu. <b> (zal/iy)</b><br /><br /><span class="reporter"><br /></span>Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-90274125555143700072009-09-23T08:30:00.000-07:002011-02-16T18:34:02.005-08:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara pencurianDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara pencurian<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti<br /><br />1. prilaku berbicara yang pencurian , Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang pencurian tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi pencurian dengan Pembunuhan,pencurian,perjinaan,berbohong,mabuk-mabukan,cinta,kasih sayang,kebahagian,sedih,dukah,derita,irihati,benci,penderitaan,emosional,senyum,humor,menagis,ketakutan atau troma,mengadu dombah,sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit, sampai bisa terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata pencurian yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara pencurian pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang pencurian yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.<br /><br /><br /><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang pencurian itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang pencurian bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar pencurian bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara pencurian banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara pencurian tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara pencurian tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.<br /><br />Kemapuan setiap orang juga ada batasnya dan setiap orang berbicara tentang pencurian hal ini bisa terjadi akibat niat dan pikiran untuk melakukan suatu pristiwa untuk mencuri apa saja yang dia inginkan bagi si pencuri dan kebisaan dan sifat setiap pencuri dimana saja selalu ingin mencuri dan selalu ingin memiliki harta orang lain dengan segala cara untuk mendapatkannya,walupun itu bisa memgakibatkan hal yang sangat fatal dalam kehidupan manusia,seperti halnya tertangkapnya pencuri dan kihajar atau di keroyok oleh warga atau masyarakat,tertangkap oleh polisi,tertangkap oleh koban pencurian dan semua itu bisa terjadi di saat kehidupan ini juga delam hal memilih kehidupan,bisa orang mempunyai niat mencuri akibat terdesaknya ekonomi atau orang bilang disebut dengan tidak punya duit,tidak punya harta benda,terdesak suami,terdesak oleh istri,terdesak oleh anak-anak,terdesak oleh dirinya sendiri,terdesak hutang piutang,terdesak ancaman dan sebaginya itu bisa terjadi diaman saja dalam kehidupan untuk memilih kehidupan dimana berada itu,ada juga pencurian akibat ketidak puasan seorang untuk merai atau menimbun harta benda seperti kerap terjadi dalam setiap pristiwa media cetak dan media elektronik berupa terjadinya,korupsi,manipulasi,sehingga banyak terjadi akibat dari niat awal untuk menimbun harta dengan dali niat dan pikiran ingin memuliki dan menguasai harta benda yang ingia dicuri itu,kemudia terjadi pencurian dan harta orang lain di rugikan tampa untuk dikembalikan lagi,jadi bisa ini terjadi bagi calon korban dan barang harta bendanya dicuri orang,sehingga dia pun melaporkan kepada polisi dan polisi pun mencari dan cek ke TKP dan menanyaki setiap yang terlibat baik warga dan masyarakat setempat terjadinya pristiwa pencurian itu,sehingga sampai dengan proses penangkapan bagi yang di curigai sebagai pencuri harta milik orang lain itu.<br /><br />Seperti kutipan pristiwa dari media detik.news<br /><br /><span class="judul">Perompak divonis 33 tahun penjara </span><br /> <span class="reporter"> <strong>BBCIndonesia.com</strong> - detikNews<br /> </span> <div class="tower"> </div> <img src="http://wscdn.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/assets/images/2011/02/16/110216194414_muse_304x171_ap.jpg" alt="Abdiwali Abdiqader Muse" width="304" height="171" /> Muse dijatuhi hukuman penjara 33 tahun<br /><br /> Seorang bajak laut Somalia divonis penjara lebih dari 33 tahun oleh sebuah pengadilan di New York.<br /><br /> Abdiwali Abdiqader Muse menyatakan bersalah tahun lalu karena telah merampas sebuah kapal di Samudra Hindia dan menyandera kapten kapal pada tahun 2009 lalu.<br /><br /> Pengadilan mendengarkan bagaimana Muse memimpin sekelompok bajak laut bersenjata yang merampas paling tidak tiga kapal dan menculik puluhan pelaut.<br /><br /> Tahun 2009 dia adalah orang pertama yang menaiki kapal Maersk Alabama ketika sedang dalam perjalanan mengangkut persediaan kemanusiaan, menodong kapten kapal dengan pistol, sampai sebuah kapal Angkatan Laut Amerika menyelamatkan mereka.<br /><br /> Kuasa hukum terdakwa berargumen, dia baru berumur 15 tahun dan merupakan korban kekacauan, kelaparan dan hidup yang tidak layak di Somalia.<br /><br /> Tetapi jaksa penuntut berhasil meyakinkan hakim bahwa dia pada saat itu paling tidak sudah berusia 18 tahun dan harus diadili sebagai orang dewasa.<br /><br /> Hukuman penjara selama 33 tahun itu memperlihatkan upaya masyarakat internasional membasmi perompakan di laut yang menimbulkan kerugian sebesar 12 miliar dolar bagi industri perkapalan dan mengancam rute perdagangan penting dunia.<br /><br /> Tetapi upaya untuk mengadili para bajak laut dipersulit oleh undang-undang laut yang sudah ketinggalan zaman.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-80713754302012448502009-09-23T08:22:00.003-07:002011-02-16T18:19:19.032-08:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara berjinaDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara berjina<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti<br /><br />1. prilaku berbicara yang berjina, Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang berjina tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi berjina dengan Pembunuhan,pencurian,perjinaan,berbohong,mabuk-mabukan,cinta,kasih sayang,kebahagian,sedih,dukah,derita,irihati,benci,penderitaan,emosional,senyum,humor,menagis,ketakutan atau troma,mengadu dombah,sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit, sampai bisa terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata berjina yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara berjina pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang berjina yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.<br /><br /><br /><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang berjina itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang berjina bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar berjina bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara berjina banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara berjina tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara berjina tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.<br /><br />Biasa dalam kehidupan prilaku berbuat berjina sering terjadi di dalam masyarakat kita tenutnya banyak juga tersedinya bisnis lokalisasi perjudian,pelacuran dan hiburan dan sebaginya yang sehingga terjadi perjinaan yang terjadi baik sengaja atau tidak disengaja itu bisa terjadi dimana saja,seperti halnya dengan pristiwa yang kerap terjadi di dalam memilih kehidupan dan bermasyarakat dengan warga dan lingkungan baik dalam lingkungan dan lingkuan lain yang berhubungan dengan kondisi berupa bisnis,politik,ekonomi,sosial,moral dan prilaku dalam kehidupan masyarakat itu,namun semua itu bisa terjadi dimana kalau tidak waspada dalam menetukan hidup,sehingga perjinaan terjadi akibat kecerobohan dan hawa nafsu yang terjadi akibat pikiran,prilaku buruk muncul dalam hal keinginan akal dari nafsu keinginan dan keserakaan,dan kesenangan belaka.<br /><br />Seperti halnya dengan kutipan dari media detik.news:<br /><br />PAN Implementasikan Larangan Anggota DPR ke Pelacuran<br />Febrina Ayu Scottiati - detikNews<br /><br /> <img alt="" src="http://images.detik.com/content/2011/02/16/10/dpr-dalam.jpg" class="" vspace="0" width="" border="0" height="" hspace="0" /><br /><br />Jakarta - Wakil Sekjen PAN Viva Yoga Mauladi tidak mempermasalahkan larangan ke tempat judi dan pelacuran dalam kode etik DPR yang baru saja diusulkan. Ia mengatakan aturan tersebut telah lama ada di aturan internal PAN sehingga tidak akan menjadi masalah bila aturan itu dibakukan ke dalam kode etik DPR.<br /><br />"Saya sangat setuju itu, melarang anggota DPR ke tempat perjudian dan pelacuran. Lagipula aturannya sudah lama ada di internal jadi tidak masalah," ujar Viva saat dihubungi detikcom, Kamis (17/2/2011).<br /><br />Menurutnya kode etik adalah untuk memberikan batas etis dan kesopanan mengenai sikap anggota DPR baik di masyarakat dan di DPR sendiri. Sehingga hal itu diperlukan untuk menjaga kehotmatan DPR.<br /><br />Sebagai wakil rakyat yang terhormat, sudah sewajarnya mereka haram masuk kompleks pelacuran dan perjudian. Mereka dilarang memasuki kawasan merah itu, kecuali untuk kepentingan tugasnya sebagai anggota Dewan.<br /><br />Aturan ini tertuang dalam draf peraturan DPR tentang kode etik. Hasil pembahasan rancangan Peraturan Dewan Program Rakyat dan draf peraturan itu dibacakan Wakil Ketua Badan Kehormatan DPR, Nudirman Munir, di dalam rapat paripurna di Gedung DPR, Senayan, Jakarta, Rabu (16/2/2011).<br /><br />"Pasal 3 ayat 6 peraturan kode etik, anggota DPR RI dilarang memasuki tempat yang dipandang tidak pantas secara etika, moral, dan norma yang berlaku umum di masyarakat, seperti kompleks pelacuran dan perjudian, kecuali untuk kepentingan tugasnya sebagai anggota DPR," kata Nudirman membacakan draf.<br /><br />Tidak hanya itu, anggota DPR juga tidak dibolehkan mengeluarkan kata-kata dan tindakan yang tidak patut atau pantas menurut pandangan etika dan norma yang berlaku di masyarakat. "Baik di dalam Gedung DPR RI maupun di luar Gedung DPR RI," lanjut Nudirman.<br />(feb/van)Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-13508831020481317672009-09-23T08:01:00.002-07:002009-09-23T08:21:57.077-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara berbohongDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara berbohong<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti<br /><br /><ol><li>prilaku berbicara yang berbohong, Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang berbohong tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi berbohong dengan Pembunuhan,pencurian,perjinaan,berbohong,mabuk-mabukan,cinta,kasih sayang,kebahagian,sedih,dukah,derita,irihati,benci,penderitaan,emosional,senyum,humor,menagis,ketakutan atau troma,mengadu dombah,sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit, sampai bisa terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata berbohong yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara berbohong pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang berbohong yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.</li></ol><br /><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang berbohong itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang berbohong bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar berbohong bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara berbohong banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara berbohong tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara berbohong tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-77794689980449507522009-09-23T08:01:00.001-07:002009-09-23T08:10:12.927-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara mabuk-mabukanDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara mabuk-mabukan<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti<br /><br /> 1. prilaku berbicara yang mabuk-mabukan, Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang mabuk-mabukan tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi mabuk-mabukan dengan Pembunuhan,pencurian,perjinaan,berbohong,mabuk-mabukan,cinta,kasih sayang,kebahagian,sedih,dukah,derita,irihati,benci,penderitaan,emosional,senyum,humor,menagis,ketakutan atau troma,mengadu dombah,sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit, sampai bisa terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata mabuk-mabukan yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara mabuk-mabukan pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang mabuk-mabukan yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.<br /><br /><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang mabuk-mabukan itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang mabuk-mabukan bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar mabuk-mabukan bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara mabuk-mabukan banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara mabuk-mabukan tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara mabuk-mabukan tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-86348881169509945412009-09-23T07:51:00.000-07:002009-09-23T08:00:17.098-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belitDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br /> Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit<br /> keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br /> atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br /> Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti<br /> <ol><li>prilaku berbicara yang sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit dengan Pembunuhan,pencurian,perjinaan,berbohong,mabuk-mabukan,cinta,kasih sayang,kebahagian,sedih,dukah,derita,irihati,benci,penderitaan,emosional,senyum,humor,menagis,ketakutan atau troma,mengadu dombah,sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit, sampai bisa terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu. </li></ol> <br /> Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br /> Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-68327285818444269482009-09-23T07:28:00.001-07:002009-09-23T07:47:16.286-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara mengadu dombahDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara mengadu dombah<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti<br /><ol><li>prilaku berbicara yang mengadu dombah Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang mengadu dombah tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi mengadu dombah dengan Pembunuhan,pencurian,perjinaan,berbohong,mabuk-mabukan,cinta,kasih sayang,kebahagian,sedih,dukah,derita,irihati,benci,penderitaan,emosional,senyum,humor,menagis,ketakutan atau troma,mengadu dombah,sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit, sampai bisa terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata mengadu dombah yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara mengadu dombah pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang mengadu dombah yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu. </li></ol><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang mengadu dombah itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang mengadu dombah bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar mengadu dombah bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara mengadu dombah banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara mengadu dombah tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara mengadu dombah tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-1846582916899865972009-09-23T07:28:00.000-07:002009-09-23T07:36:43.455-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara irihatiDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara irihati<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti<br /><ol><li>prilaku berbicara yang irihati Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang irihati tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi irihati dengan Pembunuhan,pencurian,perjinaan,berbohong,mabuk-mabukan,cinta,kasih sayang,kebahagian,sedih,dukah,derita,irihati,benci,penderitaan,emosional,senyum,humor,menagis,ketakutan atau troma,mengadu dombah,sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit, sampai bisa terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata irihati yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara irihati pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang irihati yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu. </li></ol><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang irihati itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang irihati bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar irihati bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara irihati banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara irihati tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara irihati tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-11762490306684956512009-09-23T05:34:00.006-07:002009-09-23T05:44:15.767-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara emosionalDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara emosional<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti :<br /><ol><li>Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara emosional, Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang emosional tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yan g lagi emosional dengan pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata emosional yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara emosional pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang emosional yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.</li></ol><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang emosional itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang emosional bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar emosional bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara emosional banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara emosional tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara emosional tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-50536063788063864752009-09-23T05:34:00.005-07:002009-09-23T06:04:17.377-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara sedihDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara sedih<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti :<br /><ol><li>Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara sedih, Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang sedih tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi sedih dengan kebahagian,dukah,benci,irihati, sampai terjadinya pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata sedih yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka dan suka seperti berbicara sedih pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang sedih yang bisa menyingung dan tidak menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.</li></ol><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang sedih itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang sedih bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang sedih menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar sedih bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara sedih banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara sedih tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara sedih tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-42533269485463775262009-09-23T05:34:00.004-07:002009-09-23T06:21:01.788-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara SenyumDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara senyum<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti :<br /><ol><li>Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara senyum, Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang senyum tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi senyum dengan kebahagian,sedih,dukah,irihati,berbicara kasar,berbicara lembut,emosional,humor,benci,menagis atau sedih,ke takutan atau teroma,mengadu dombah, sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit dan sampai terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata senyum yang tidak menyingung dan menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara senyum pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang senyum yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.</li></ol><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang senyum itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang senyum bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang senyum menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar senyum bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau terjadi hubungan yang harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara senyum banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara senyum tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara senyum tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-30540369840959891962009-09-23T05:34:00.003-07:002009-09-23T06:36:27.506-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara humorDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara humor<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti :<br /><ol><li>Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara humor , Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang humor tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi humor dengan sedih,bahagia,dukah,irihati,benci,senang,emosional,senyum,menagis,ketakutan atau troma,sampai bisa terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata humor yang bisa menyingung dan tidak menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara humor pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang humor yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.</li></ol><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,bahagia,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang humor itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang humor bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar humor bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara humor banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara humor tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara humor tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-77214649479220638142009-09-23T05:34:00.002-07:002009-09-23T06:49:56.402-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara benciDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara benci<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti :<br /><ol><li>Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara benci, Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang benci tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi benci dengan Pembunuhan,pencurian,perjinaan,berbohong,mabuk-mabukan kebahagian,sedih,dukah,irihati,cinta,kasih sayang,emosional,senyum,menagis,ketakutan atau troma,mengadu dombah,sulit di mengerti atau berbicara berbelit-belit sampai terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata benci yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara benci pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang benci yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.</li></ol><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang benci itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang benci bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar benci bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara benci banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara benci tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara benci tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-61643177450933850652009-09-23T05:34:00.001-07:002009-09-23T07:06:33.225-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara menagis atau sedihDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara menagis atau sedih<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti :<br /><ol><li>Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara menagis atau sedih, Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang menagis atau sedih tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi menagis atau sedih dengan Pembunuhan,pencurian,perjinaan,berbohong,mabuk-mabukan,kebahagian,sedih,dukah,derita,irihati,benci,emosional,senyum,humor,menagis atau troma,mengadu dombah,sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit sampai terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata menagis atau sedih yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara menagis atau sedih pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang menagis atau sedih yang bisa menyingung atau tidak menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.</li></ol><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang menagis atau sedih itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang menagis atau sedih bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar menagis atau sedih bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara menagis atau sedih banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara menagis atau sedih tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara menagis atau sedih tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-82593486283730414202009-09-23T05:34:00.000-07:002009-09-23T07:25:33.436-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara ketakutan atau tromaDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara ketakutan atau troma<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalahan yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbicara bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti<br /><ol><li>prilaku berbicara yang ketakutan atau troma Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang ketakutan atau troma tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi ketakutan atau troma dengan Pembunuhan,pencurian,perjinaan,berbohong,mabuk-mabukan,cinta,kasih sayang,kebahagian,sedih,dukah,derita,irihati,benci,penderitaan,emosional,senyum,humor,menagis,ketakutan atau troma,mengadu dombah,sulit di mengerti atau berbelit-belit, sampai bisa terjadi pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata ketakutan atau troma yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara ketakutan atau troma pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang ketakutan atau troma yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.</li></ol><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang ketakutan atau troma itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang ketakutan atau troma bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar ketakutan atau troma bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan atau hubungan harmonis dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara ketakutan atau troma banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara ketakutan atau troma tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara ketakutan atau troma tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-73630205658818832772009-09-23T05:04:00.001-07:002009-09-23T05:19:32.046-07:00Prilaku berbicara yang lembutDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalah yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbica bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti<br /><ol><li>Prilaku berbicara yang lembut Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang lembut tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi berbicara lembut dengan kebahagian atau senang dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata lembut yang tidak menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang suka seperti berbicara lembut pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami,anak-anak sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang lembut yang tidak bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.</li></ol><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja dengan keseimbangan itu, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang lembut itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang lembut bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar lembut bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin tidak terjadinya putus hubungan dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara lembut banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara lembut tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara lembut tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8939533278275536418.post-61822683262351002842009-09-22T18:56:00.002-07:002009-09-23T08:56:12.845-07:00Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara kasarDitulis oleh : Master Tjung teck<br />Phisycology Pikiran dan prilaku berbicara kasar<br />keterangan lebih lanjut dapat hubungi alamat E_Mail :candasilo@yahoo.com<br />atau nomer Hp: 08192023157 - Medan Indonesia<br /><br />Phisycology berbicara merupakan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu berupa mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan menyimpan dan memproses lagi dan terus menerus tampa henti selagi semua nafsu keinginan baik yang tercapai, baik yang tidak tercapai itu bisa muncul melalui mulut tempat di mana manusia melakukan komunikasi bahasa dengan manusia yang lain, hal dengan berbicara merupkan komunikasi yang bisa terjadi di mana pikiran itu muncul dan lenyap dan di saat itu pikiran memerintakan apa yang akan di bicarakan tentunya melalui mulut manusia sebagai indra manusia untuk makan,minum,berbicara dan berkomonikasi dengan sesamanya itu,jadi setiap prilaku yang muncul disaat itu juga dengan bersamaan pikiran yang bekerja untuk menetukan semua permasalah yang ada dari mata melihat dan pikiran memproses dan sampai dengan mulut berbica bisa dilihat dengan prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dengan seperti<br /><ol><li>prilaku berbicara yang kasar, Seperti kalau melihat orang berbicara yang kasar tentunya bisa dilihat dengan kondisi orang yang lagi kasar dengan pertengkaran dan disaat itu pikiran yang muncul disaat itu seperti kata-kata kasar yang menyingung perasaan orang yang muncul di saat itu dengan pikiran yang tersimpan dengan melihat hal-hal dalam pristiwa orang tidak suka seperti berbicara kasar pada hal pribadi orang seperti keluarga,harta miliknya,orang tuanya,familinya,dan sampai istri dan suami sebagai teman hidup dan sampai dengan teman -temannya baik yang akrab dan yang tidak akrab itu,jadi pikiran yang muncul di saat itu tujuannya akan di bicarakan dengan kata-kata yang kasar yang bisa menyingung perasaan orang lain itu.</li></ol><br />Banyak hal yang bisa dilihat dengan bermacam kejadian yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat dengan permasalahan yang timbul akibat dari hubungan interaksi sesama- manusia yang baik pertikaian dan hubungan interaksi sosial lain seperti cinta,kasih sayang,benci,irihati,dukah dan sedih,nafsu keinginan yang tercapai dan nafsu keinginan yang tidak tercapai bisa terjadi dimana saja di dalam kehidupan masyarakat di sekitar kita dan masyarakat dunia itu,namun semua itu bisa ditulis dan diceritakan menurut kejadian nyata dan yang terjadi berdasarkan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dengan beragam prilaku yang muncul di saat itu juga dari setiap kehidupan umat manusia baik dimana berada dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.<br /><br />Cerita Phsycology yang bisa dirai dengan kondisi dengan tulisan yang tersimpan di dalam otak besar kanan dan otak besar kiri yang bekerja seimbang, setelah melihat pristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan umat manusia yang berinteraksi sesamanya itu,sedangkan membaca merupakan hasil dari tulisan yang tercipta dalam setiap peristiwa yang terekam dan teringat di dalam otak dan di tulis kembali dengan kejadian yang sebenarnya dan dibaca kembali peristiwa yang terjadi disaat itu juga,Sehingga watak dan prilaku dapat di ceritakan dan tulis kedalam satu wadah cerita yang menarik dalam ilmu Phisycology tentang berbicara yang kasar itu, kembali lagi tentang berbicara yang kasar bisa terjadi dimana saja dan kapan saja bisa terjadi sesama manusia yang berinteraksi setiap hari baik di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga,famili,kampung,desa,lingkungan,kota,masyarakat dan belahan masyarakat dunia itu bisa terjadi dengan bermacam-macam pertikaian akibat dari hawa nafsu dan keinginan masing-masing individu di dalam kehidupan ini,sehingga pertikaian muncul dan terjadi berbicara yang benar menjadi berbicara yang tidak benar kasar bisa membuat terjadinya tersinggungnya kedua belah pihak dan mungkin terjadinya putus hubungan dengan sesamanya itu. Berbicara kasar banyak sekali sifatnya seperti halnya dengan bicara kasar tetapi tujuannya pikiran baik dan berbicara kasar tujuannya pikiran jelek dan bisa mencelakakan si pendengarnya itu.Tjung Teck S.Psi., S.Pd., CHhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17007257404244117409noreply@blogger.com